Russian omenala ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19 (obere)

Russian omenala ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19 - a ịrịba milestone na mmepe nke ime mmụọ na nke omume ọma nke Russian ọha mmadụ. Ọ bụ ihe ịtụnanya ihe na ọnụ ọgụgụ nakweere ihe usoro, omimi nke ya ọdịnaya na richness. N'ihi na ọkara otu narị afọ na omenala obodo bilitere ka a ọhụrụ larịị: achị, polyphonic, pụrụ iche.

Ndabere sitere na omenala mmepe nke "ọlaedo afọ"

Mmepe nke Russian omenala ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19 bụ ruru akwa ogo nke mba ọdịmma. Akwalite ọdịmma ndị mmadụ mmụta malitere azụ n'okpuru Catherine II, kwalitere mmepe nke agụmakwụkwọ, na-emeghe a plurality muta oru na ikike nke ọhụrụ ihe ọmụma.

Kewapụrụ ókè nke State na nke e nwere ihe dị 165 mba dị iche iche na omenala ha na echiche. Wee ọdịnala ya ụzọ, ọhụrụ ụgbọ mmiri na achọpụta.

Russian-French War nke 1812 na-enwe mmetụta guzobe ịhụ mba n'anya echiche, na ụkpụrụ omume ọma nke ndị Russia. Art omenala Russia ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19, dọtara mmasị nke mba nsụhọ gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ na ọha mmadụ.

Otú ọ dị, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnọdụ ná mba na-enyeghị ohere mejuputa niile echiche art. Njehie nke ndị Decembrists na-eme nke nzuzo ọha mmadụ amanyewo Russian eze ukwu gbochie penetration nke elu echiche ọ bụla omenala okirikiri.

sayensị

Mmelite nke Public Education ghọtara a omenala Russia ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19. Nkenke ya nwere ike na-akpọ ambivalent. Na otu aka, na-emeghe ọhụrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ndị ọzọ na - e ẹkenam echesinụ nnyocha jikoro, n'ihi na ihe atụ, kagburu ihe nkà ihe ọmụma. Ke adianade do, mahadum na asụsụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị mgbe niile n'okpuru ike nlekọta nke Ministry of Education.

N'agbanyeghị nke a, ndị Russian omenala ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19 e ji mara oké itu ukwu na mmepe nke sayensị.

Biology na Medicine

Akwakọba na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 19, ihe nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi na-achọ rethinking na mmepe nke ọhụrụ chepụtara. Ndị a na-eme Russian n'okike Km Baer, IA Dvigubsky, ntụgharị Dyadkovsky.

a ọgaranya collection of osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ e anakọtara site na gburugburu ụwa. Na na 1812 bụ nke mbụ na nke Botanical Garden na Crimea.

A ịrịba onyinye mmepe nke nkà mmụta ọgwụ ẹkenam Ni Achịcha ahụ. Ya ekele egosi achọghị ọdịmma onwe ọrụ nke ụwa mụtara na a agha ubi n'ịwa ahụ.

Geology na mbara igwe

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke narị afọ chere na nku, na geology. Ya mmepe ya nabatara niile Russian ala.

A ịrịba nweta bụ drafting nke mbụ geological map nke Russia ke 1840. M mere ka ọ a research ọkà mmụta sayensị Ni Koksharov.

Astronomy choro ịgbasi na rigorous nwete na kwuru anya. Ọ na-ada a otutu oge. The usoro ukwuu ala mgbe ndị Pulkovo Observatory e guzobere 1839.

Mathematics na Physics

Na nzuógügü, ha mere nchoputa n'ụwa. Ya mere, Ni Lobachevsky ghọrọ ama maka ya "na-abụghị Euclidean jiometrị." pl Chebyshev gosi na iwu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu, na MV Ostrogradsky aku gbasara nyocha na eluigwe na-arụzi ụgbọala.

Nkera nke mbụ nke narị afọ nke 19 nwere ike na-akpọ ọlaedo oge physics, ebe mbụ akpa teligraf (Schilling pl), n'ihi nwetara site electric ọkụ ahụmahụ (V. Petrov) mepụtakwara electromotor e kere (Lenz EH).

ije

Art omenala Russia ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19, dọtara bukwanu ọha mmasị. The kasị mkpa mma nke ya mmepe bụ mgbanwe dị ngwa nke ekwekọghị, nakwa dị ka ha Nchikota.

Na ije na 1840s classicism chịrị. Alaeze Ukwu style nwere ike dị na a dịgasị iche iche nke ụlọ nke abụọ n'isi obodo, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ mpaghara emmepe, na n'oge gara aga a n'ógbè obodo.

N'ihi na oge a na-ji ndị na-ewu ụlọ ndị ensembles. Ka ihe atụ, Ụlọ ihe nkiri Square Moscow ma ọ bụ na St. Petersburg Sineti.

A ma ama na-anọchite anya nke a style kere omenala Russia ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19. Architecture owụt ke odide nke AD Zakharova, Eze Rossi, Di Gilardi, OI Beauvais.

Alaeze Ukwu dochie Russian-Byzantine style, na nke Kraist, Onye nzọpụta Cathedral, nke Ụlọ Ngwá Agha (-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Ka ton) e wuru.

sere

N'ihi na oge a na art e ji mmasị na onye nkezi onye. Artists na-akpụ akpụ efep omenala Bible na akụkọ ifo style.

Classicism na sere na-na-anọchi anya Karlom Bryullovym, bụ onye ya eserese gosiri heroism, ùgwù na ịdị ukwuu nke ndị nkịtị aka. The kasị ama nke ọrụ ya - bụ 'Ụbọchị Ikpeazụ nke Pompeii, "" The agba "," Self-Osise ", wdg

The mwute eke nke oké na-ese A. A. Ivanova, ede akwụkwọ si oké ọrụ, "The Ọdịdị nke Kraist ime ka ndị mmadụ." N'elu ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ 20. O we nwua, ọ dịghị mgbe maara ihe mere ndị na-ghar mmeri a eserese.

Ndabere nke nsiridi etinye P. A. Fedotov, onye, ya na genre osise na-elekọta mmadụ na ọdịnaya ọgba aghara na obodo. Onye ọ bụla maara na ya "Fresh cavalier" ma ọ bụ "mbedo Major".

ọkpụkpụ

Russian omenala ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19 mepụtara n'okpuru nduzi nke gara aga agha nke 1812 megide Napoleon. Emetụta a, na ọkpụkpụ. Famous ncheta Minin na Pozharsky, onye nēguzo na Red Square, onye na-ese IP Martos sculpted n'etiti agha.

Mmepe nke Russian monumental ọkpụkpụ gaara-agaghị ekwe omume na-enweghị FF Shchedrin, onye caryatids chọọ ndị Admiralty ụlọ.

Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-akpụ ihe nke oge ndị II Terebenev ( "Agha nke Poltava"), VI Demuth-Malinovsky, bi Orlowski (ọgụgụ angel na Alexander kọlụm), wdg

music

Nnukwu mmetụta nke ndị dike gara aga nwere omenala nke Russia ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19. Music agbanweela mmetụta nke mpako na olu ụtọ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka mba okwu. A na-egosipụta opera "Ivan Susanin" Ka Kavos, ngwaahịa AA Alyabiev, æ Varlamov.

MI Glinka nwere a Central n'etiti-arọ. Ọ mma a ọhụrụ omenala na meghere na-enwetụbeghị ụdị tupu a genre. The opera "A Life maka Tsar" n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-egosiputa zuru oke nke niile musician si creativity.

Russian omenala ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19 anana ọzọ amamiihe dere onye ẹkenam music genre nke psychological ejije. ọ AS "BAT SOAP!" Dargomyzhsky na ukwu ya opera.

nkiri

Russian Ụlọ ihe nkiri ga-emepe ụzọ na pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche, ọ fọrọ nke nta agbahapụ akwa arụmọrụ na oge gboo style. Ugbu a, e e-adịkwaghị ihunanya ebumnobi, mwute ibé nke play.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama nnochite anya nke egwuregwu na gburugburu ebe obibi bụ PS Mochalov, onye rụrụ ọrụ nke Hamlet na Ferdinand (Shakespeare).

Russian agbanwe eme, MS Shchepkin si serfs. Ọ gbara akwụkwọ a kpam kpam ọhụrụ echiche, nke ya ọrụ mmasị na Moscow Small nkiri bụ ndị kasị ewu ewu na-aga n'etiti ndị nkiri.

Echiche Ziri Ezi style na-eme ihe nkiri na-ada banyere site ọrụ nke AS Pushkin AS Griboyedov.

akwụkwọ

Ihe kacha mkpa na-elekọta mmadụ nsogbu na-egosipụta ọdịbendị nke Russia ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19. Literature ike mba amata, na-ezo aka akụkọ ihe mere eme n'oge gara aga nke mba. Otu ihe atụ nke a bụ ihe ọrụ nke nm Karamzin.

Romanticism na akwụkwọ ndị ahụ n'ihu site dị otú ahụ a ma ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ka VA Zhukovsky, Ai Odoyevski, n'oge AS Pushkin. Mbubreyo ogbo nke Pushkin - bụ nsiridi. "Boris Godunov", "The Captain Ada", "The oze ịnyịnya" dere nke a. Ke adianade do, Mu Lermontov kere a "dike nke Oge Anyị," nke bụ ihe atụ pụtara ìhè nke nsiridi akwụkwọ.

Critical nsiridi ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke creativity, NV Gogol ( "The afe nke elu," "soja").

Otu n'ime ndị ọzọ òtù nke akwụkwọ na-enwe mmetụta ya guzobere, nwere ike na-akpọ AN Ostrowski, ya oké ezi uche ejije, BỤ Turgenev, onye raara ya n'ebe ndị isiokwu nke obodo ala na ọdịdị, nakwa dị ka DV Grigorovich.

Literature mere ka a dị ịrịba ama onyinye omenala mmepe nke Russia. Nkera nke mbụ nke narị afọ nke 19 e ji guzobe nke oge a na-ede akwụkwọ asụsụ dochie arọ na ornate asụsụ nke narị afọ 18. Ọrụ dere na-ede abụ uri nke oge a bụ ịrịba na mmetụta na n'ihu mmepe nke bụghị naanị Russian, ma ụwa omenala.

Nke na-agụnye na-echegharị echiche ọrụ nke Russian na European mepee, omenala nke Russia ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19 kere a ike ntọala maka mma mmepe nke sayensị na nkà na-eme n'ọdịnihu.