Ruza General Nikolay Vladimirovich: biography na ọnwụ

Dị ka sara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke historiography, nwoke a na-egwuri a dị oké mkpa ọrụ na nkwatu nke autocracy na Russia. General Ruza, kwenyesiri ike monarchist, otu n'ime ndị mbụ chọrọ ka Tsar Nicholas II ka i leghara, kama na-akwado ma na-enyere eze na-anọ n'ocheeze ahụ. Emperor gua na enyem-aka nke ndị ọchịagha ya, nakwa na ọ na-eme bụ nanị nye.

Na agha, Ruza (General nke bipu) eguzobewo onwe ya dị ka a nkà ọchịagha, otú wee ike, ndị Bolsheviks chọrọ ịnọgide na iwu ndị agha, ma ha n'akụkụ. Ma ọ jụrụ a amaghị na, na dị ka a n'ihi ahụhụ a obi ọjọọ mgbuchapụ.

Ònye bụ onye a General Ruza? eze ma ọ bụ onye sabo nke nna-agbachitere onye akara aka kwadebere arọ oke? Tụlee ajụjụ a ihe zuru ezu.

Afọ nke nwata na-eto eto

Nikolay Vladimirovich Ruzsky - mụrụ na Kaluga ógbè, a mụrụ na March 6 1854 afọ.

A ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na isi mmalite na-ekwu na-eme n'ọdịnihu n'ozuzu a anya ikwu nke na-ede uri Lermontov, bụ onye dere, maara nke ọma uri "novice." Na nkwado nke a ha ehota data na-egosi na otu nke nna nna nke Mikhail Yurevich, na XVIII narị afọ, bụ onye gọvanọ nke Moscow region obodo nke Ruza, mua nwa a mụrụ n'alụghị di. N'oge na-adịghị na ọ bụ ụmụ ndị aha mgbe obodo na nke ihe-ndebe nke ihe omume nke Lermontov.

Ma, ọ bụ echeghi ma izugbe Ruza nyere n'ọnụ kinship na ama na-ede uri nke dị oké mkpa. Mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-n'ụzọ zuru ezu natara a oge gboo mmụta, nke iwu ndị ahụ maka ụmụaka nile nke nējide onwe-ezinụlọ, ma Nicholas efu nna ya n'oge. Mgbe ahụ, ndụ ya malitere igbochi ọrụ nke isi obodo osisi nke trustees, ma n'ọdịnihu general eziokwu a na-adịghị karịsịa irked. Ugbua na-eto eto Nicholas rọrọ nke a agha ọrụ.

afọ nke ọmụmụ

Ka ịmalite mkpachi na nrọ, Ruza ghọrọ ndị mbụ agha ụmụ akwụkwọ, nke na-emi odude ke obio na Neva.

Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị ọ bụ a kadet abụọ Konstantinovsky Military School, onye na-agụsị akwụkwọ ghọrọ onye bipu mara. Dị mma ịmara na, na njedebe nke XIX na narị afọ Russian agha ụlọ akwụkwọ malitere etinye mgbanwe butere site Tsar Alexander II na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere Dmitriem Milyutinym. Ọ bụ ya mere General Ruza, a foto nke ndị dị na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na nkà nke agha, na e nwere na isiokwu a na-na-a quality agụmakwụkwọ, kwekọrọ ekwekọ na eme nke oge.

Mmalite nke agha ya ọrụ

Mgbe si na mahadum pụta, nwa okorobịa ahụ wee na-eje ozi na Life-eche ha nche Grenadier ndi agha dị ka otu onye ọfịsa. Ọ malitere Russian-Turkish agha a afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị, na ọdịnihu general Ruza gosiri na ya na n'ọgbọ agha naanị n'ihe ndị dị mma n'akụkụ. Na ekele maka na-egosi obi ike na nkwuwa okwu Ruza natara Order of St. Anne si ọkwa IV. Ná ngwụsị nke agha arụmọrụ ojii kpebiri ka mma ha nkà na e jiworo ya zụọ na Mykolayiv General Staff Academy. Nkụzi ya ndị a ma ama V. Sukhomlinov na Kuropatkin. Mgbe ahụ mara itinye ihe ọmụma a na-eme, alternately dochie mkpara nke agha distrikti. Nikolay Vladimirovich ghọrọ a ezigbo ọkachamara logistical na arụmọrụ ọrụ.

The ọzọ ịrịba ama ọrụ ya bụ ọrụ ke Kiev Military District ka Quartermaster General. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, Ruza ina-akwalite Major General ọ ga-isi n'isi ụlọ ọrụ.

Russian-Japanese agha

Ná mmalite nke XX narị afọ Russia ama abuana ke a agha megidere Japan. General Ruza, onye biography nke oké mmasị na akụkọ ihe mere eme, ga na-edu abụọ Manchurian agha n'isi ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ ga-egosi na ha kacha mma àgwà a agha ndú, mma-haziri agbachitere agha e nyere ya na Shahe River. Ma, mgbe ụfọdụ ihe ịga nke ọma esonyere ihe ndọghachi azụ. Karịsịa, anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere iwe arụmọrụ n'okpuru Sandepu, nke e tozuru oke ala n'ihi na nke uche abụọ edinam ke-isi.

n'ihu ọrụ

Mgbe agha Ruzsky nyere iwu nke 21 Army agha. Ná ngwụsị nke XIX narị afọ, Nikolai Vladimirovich nọgidere na ọnọdụ nke General nke bipu, yiri ka ịbụ a akụkụ nke Military Council. Ọ ga-enye aka n'ụzọ dị irè na-arụ ọrụ na mmepe nke mgbanwe na ndị agha. General Ruza bụ co-ede akwụkwọ nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akwụkwọ ntuziaka na ụkpụrụ. Gọziri ndị ọrụ nche nke ya onyinye Ubi Manual na 1912. Mgbe nke a na-arụ ọrụ, Nikolai Vladimirovich laghachi ọrụ ke Kiev Military District, ebe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka osote onyeisi ruo mgbe mmalite nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ.

1914

Mgbe agha ahụ dara n'etiti òtù na njikọ aka ọchịchị, nke gụnyere Germany na Austria-Hungary, na Russian iwu e zigara agha nime Ruza South-Western Front, enyefeghị ka iwu 3rd Army.

Strategic direction na a nkiri nke agha ahụ agha Galicia, na nke Nikolay Vladimirovich, n'otu na ndị agha General Brusilov, nyeere otutu onye iro si n'ókèala Bukovina na Eastern Galicia. Ma, ọ na-tasked weghara Lvov na Galich. Ugbua ke mbubreyo n'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ 1914 Ruza General Nikolay Vladimirovich budata nso ya, mmejuputa iwu: onye-iro gbaghachi azụ, n'agbanyeghị mgbalị iji kwụsị agha Russia osimiri adiahade Lípa Lípa na Gold. Mee elu mee ala, Lviv e weghaara, mgbe nke Brusilov ja omume nke ndị ọrụ ibe ya na-na-na ogwe aka. Ọ kọwara Ruza otú obi ike, obi ike na ọgụgụ isi agha onye ndú. Ma ókèala meriri Galicia gosiri ma àgwà nke agha onye ndú. N'ebe ahụ, ọ gosiri oghe mgbochi Semitism. Gịnị mere e ji na-ebibi n'oge ochie na Galicia, General Ruza? Jew, n'echiche nke ya, ọ bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi a spy na omume nke na-emetụta na-ebute ọdịmma nke ndị Russia, otú a mba ga-kpuchie n'ihi na ọbara ya mpụ.

ọrụ ọhụrụ

Nikolay Vladimirovich maka ihe ịga nke ọma agha arụmọrụ kwadoro, na-adịghị anya ọ na-e nyere ya iwu nke North-Western Front, onye agha merie na East Prussia. Ọnọdụ e ji eziokwu na ndị agha Germany A kwadebere nnọọ mma karịa Austria na Hungarian, otú maka normalisation nke ọnọdụ chọrọ ka ahụmahụ agha onye ndú, ndị ọrụ nke nke bụ ezigbo general Ruza. Ọ bụ ike igbochi onslaught nke onye iro na agha n'etiti Vistula na n'okpuru Polish Lodz. Na onye iro nke naanị na e kwụsịrị na mmejuputa atụmatụ ha, ma na-eme ka ime ụlọ azụ.

Mgbe ahụ German High Command kpebie iji ike ya itie ke North-West direction ka ichughachiazu na Russian n'ozuzu. N'ihi nke na ọbara agha nke ndị iro mere jikwaa-emeri obodo ahụ nke Augustow, ma agbali merie ndị Polish isi obodo nwere okpu.

Na esemokwu, Mmetụta site n'obodo Prasnysh, Nikolai Vladimirovich jisiri n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-ewu-agbachitere si eme, na-eme onye iro bụ azụ na East Prussia. General Ruza na-aga na-awakpo ndị iro na kụrie ka smithereens ndị German agha. Ma Russian agha ndị ndú na-ewere ọzọ ngwọta: itinye uche na isi ike na-agha megide Austria na Hungary, na North-Western Front ga-eme ka a zere German iwe osisi.

ntụrụndụ

Edikpu a ezi uche atụmatụ agha, ike gwụrụ uche na ọkpụkpụ ọchịagha, nyefeela iwu ọzọ n'ozuzu n'ihu wee na ezumike na gbakee. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, Nikolay Vladimirovich nyere n'iwu agha nkewa, nke dịgidere agbachitere Petrograd. Mgbe ahụ, mgbe ndị "dismemberment" nke North-Western Front, na North na West ga na-edu General mbụ.

Ma ọbụna mgbe ndị agha ọrụ ga na-edu ozugbo na autocrat Nicholas II, ọ gaghị agbahapụ ndị nzere si eme ndị na-emesị tụkwasịrị Ruza na ọ bụ na-ama n'okpuru a iwu pretext re-eziga ezumike.

1916

Mgbe ike maka ọnwa isii, onye nwe na iji nke St. Anne IV n'ókè ga ọzọ iwu ugwu n'ihu. Ọ ka na-ele anya na Russian iwu na-aga n'ime ifịk agha na a oké njọ igbu ndị Germany. Ma ọgụ ike nke ndị agha na mberede malitere ịlọ tupu anyị anya: ndi-agha na ike gwụrụ nke agha na chọrọ na-apụghị ịghọta ngwa ngwa laghachi ezinụlọ ha. Mgbe, n'oge agha na ókèala ndị Baltic agha mutinied na jụrụ na-aga na-akpasu ya iwe, Nikolai Vladimirovich ama egwu mmụọ nnupụisi nke Tribunal moralizovat.

Otú ọ dị, mgbalị ndị a n'ikpeazụ enweghị ike ịgbanwe na N'ezie nke ọrụ, na atụmatụ nke agha e merie ya. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, na ọ bịara na-agha n'onwe ya.

Omume n'ebe ikike

Historians ka na-arụ ụka banyere ihe mere General Ruza nye eze? Na oyi 1917, o ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-akwado ụzọ nke State Duma nnọchiteanya ịkwụsị "ukwu otutu" na "adighi ike" iwu nke ugbu a ọchịchị na ihu nke Russian edidem. Nikolay Vladimirovich, onye nēguzo ike na-agbachitere autocratic ọchịchị, pụrụ iche nke iwu, nke e nwere n'akụkụ eze. Ọ na-adịbeghị anya, n'ezie, na-abụghị iwu, na-ebufe a ịrịba òkè nke Ọkaakaa omume na ebere nke oru ugbo Grigory Rasputin, onye ghọrọ a ụdị "isi awọ kadinal" n'oge ọchịchị nke Nicholas II. Ọ na-hụrụ na-eto eto discontent nke pụta nchegbu banyere ọnọdụ n'ime alaeze ukwu na karịrị. General ga-achọ jikwaa a ọhụrụ Russia ghọrọ onye autocrat, ọzọ proactive, njikere maka mgbanwe, nke bụ ogologo igabiga ke ọha ochichi usoro. Ma eleghị anya, akụkụ nke mere na General Ruza nye eze.

The amaghị na ebuli okpueze

N'ụbọchị mbụ nke spring 1917 autocrat si Tsarskoye Selo ka Pskov, ebe isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Northern Front. Ma ọ dịghị onye zutere edidem mgbe ya-acha anụnụ anụnụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na ọlaedo ugo rutere n'elu ikpo okwu. Nanị mgbe ụfọdụ oge e Nikolai Vladimirovich, bụ ndị sooro n'ime ụgbọ ala, ebe ọ bụ eze. N'echi Ruza aro eze ukwu n'afọ ofufo i leghara ike nke eze. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, General briefed Nicholas II c akwụkwọ, nke e dere azịza agha na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na a otu ajụjụ sị: "Ònye bụ" n'ihi na "ma ọ bụ" megide "renunciation nke ocheeze Romanov?" Fọrọ nke nta niile họọrọ mbụ nhọrọ, na wezụga nke General Kolchak, na onye were a na-anọpụ iche ọnọdụ. N'etiti abalị na Emperor ẹmen Nikolai Vladimirovich na ndị nnọchiteanya nke State Duma nke manifestos na nke o nyere eze ike nwanne ya Michael. Dịkọrọ ndụ taa nwere ikike na-ekwu na, ma eleghị anya, General Ruza - a sabo, ma ọ bụ - debatable.

arụkwaghịm

Mgbe Nikolai Vladimirovich ghọtara na Russia osụhọ kpamkpam autocratic usoro, ọ tendered ya agaghịzi, bụ nke e mesịrị nyere. Iji weghachi ahụ ike, izugbe zigara Caucasus. Power na mba gafere na-elebara Government na okpomọkụ nke 1917 Ruza ọmụmụ nke onye kasị elu iwu nke ndị agha, nke na-gara site nnọchiteanya nke ọchịchị ọhụrụ.

General choro si na ndị òtù nke ọchịchị iji weghachi iji na mba, na iwepu ogba aghara nke jupụtara ndị agha na ná mba ahụ. Alexander Kerensky mgbe Ruzsky akatọọla maka agbali laa azu akụkọ ihe mere eme na weghachite onyeeze.

The na-abịa ike nke Bolsheviks

Mgbe ike na mba gafere na "ekpe" agha isi iwe o weere ozi ọma. Ebe ọ bụ n'oge ahụ General Ruza? Pyatigorsk ihe ikpeazụ ebe mgbaba ya. N'oge na-adịghị obodo ahụ ji site "red", nke rụrụ na njide nke ahụmahụ ọchịagha nke ndị agha Russia. The Bolsheviks maara banyere ya dike n'uru, otú Nikolai Vladimirovich nyere agha ha n'akụkụ. Ma ọ jụrụ, n'ihi na nke ọ na e gburu na Pyatigorsk na-eli ozu. General Ruza, onye ọnwụ bịara October 19, 1918, na-aghọta mmeri nke ekpe na-akpọ "The Great October Socialist mgbanwe", n'itinye ya dị ka a "nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ohi." Otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ, ma eminent ọchịagha mere ka a dị ịrịba ama onyinye ọrụ nke a kuu d'etat ma nwee ike obere isana mmeri nke "Left", nke mechara kwụrụ ya ụgwọ ihe na-efunahụ nke ndụ.