Special (defectological) akụziri. Pathologist: ebe na onye na-arụ ọrụ

Na elu-akụziri, ndị na-abata na-enye a dịgasị iche iche nke ọzụzụ ọmụmụ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị specialties, nke nwere ike hụrụ na ụfọdụ mahadum, academies na institutes, - a "Special (defectological) akụziri." Ndị mmadụ na-amụ a na ubi, na-atụle pụrụ iche na-na-ina ọkachamara na ụwa nke oge a. Na ụfọdụ mahadum nyere ọzụzụ a direction? Onye na-arụ ọrụ na-agụsị akwụkwọ na-mụtachara izi na natara diplọma?

Defectological mmụta: ọdịdị zuru oke nke direction

Ụmụaka na ndị okenye na-nkwarụ na mkpa nke ọkà ọkachamara n'ilekọta. Ọ nwere zụrụ nkụzi, okwu pathologists. A ọrụ na ndị mmadụ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na elu ụlọ akwụkwọ na "defectological akụziri."

N'oge ọmụmụ ya, onye ọ bụla na-amụrụ na-amụ ọtụtụ ọzụzụ. Ndị a gụnyere ndị na "Psychology" na "Psychology" na "Medical na ndu bases nke Defectology", na "The Clinic ọgụgụ isi disturbances", na na .. N'ihi nke mmepe nke usoro ihe omume a na mmadụ nwere ike itinye aka na-agbazi, izi na Consultative-achọpụta ọrịa ọrụ :

• agbazi otito ọrịa;
• ịzụlite onye mmụta ma na-agbazi ndị mmemme;
• amụ mkpa pụrụ iche na chọrọ nke mmadụ na nkwarụ;
• -enye ndụmọdụ ndị nwere nkwarụ, ndị ezinụlọ ha.

Special profaịlụ (defectological) guzobere

Etinyewe na ntụziaka nke "defectological mmụta", na-achọ ịbata na-eme ka a nhọrọ n'etiti ndị profaịlụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na-adabere na mahadum. Ndị na-esonụ profaịlụ na-awa, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na-abịa na okokporo:

• "Special Psychology";
• "Speech Agwọ";
• "Pedagogical na psychological support ka ụmụaka nwere nkwarụ";
• "Oligophrenopedagogics".

N'ihi na ihe na-omimi ọmụma na ọtụtụ mahadum na ntụziaka nke "defectological (pụrụ iche) mmụta" guzosie ike ukwu. ọzụzụ omume izute ndị na-esonụ:

• "Inclusive Education";
• "Pedagogical na psychological nkwado nke mmadụ na nkwarụ";
• "Speech Agwọ (agụmakwụkwọ nke mmadụ na isi okwu)";
• "Innovative teknụzụ okwu daa ọrịa akwụkwọ."

The ịdị ngwa nke ọpụrụiche na ụwa nke oge a

Mahadum, academies na institutes nwere pụrụ iche "defectological Education", na-agwa ụmụ akwụkwọ na-amụ. Òtù nhọrọ otu, ndị nkụzi na-ekwu banyere ya mkpa, n'ihi na mgbe ahu kama nnukwu nsogbu nke-akụziri ụmụaka na-nkwarụ. Odika 9-11% nke mmadụ si n'etiti ụmụaka bi na mkpa aka defectologists nkụzi. Help dịkwa mkpa ụfọdụ ndị toro eto.

People, onye na-amụ na ntụziaka nke "defectological Azụrụ", aku na mmepe, agụmakwụkwọ na ọzụzụ nke ụmụaka dị iche iche na otito nsogbu metụtara ma ndị psychological okirikiri, na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ. Ebe ọrụ ndị ọkachamara iji na mmadụ na enwetara na congenital ọrịa nke ọhụụ, ịnụ ihe, pathologies nke olu ngwa, ọnụ ke ọgụgụ isi, psychoneurotic Jeremaya mere.

Nnweta ndị dị mkpa àgwà

Direction nkwadebe "defectological mmụta" na-akpali, ma ọ bụghị ihe niile ndị mmadụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahọrọ nke a ọpụrụiche ga-atụle na therapist kwesịrị inwe ụfọdụ àgwà. Onye a ga-abụ:

• igba;
• energetic;
• enyi na enyi;
• akọ na;
• obi ike na ihe ịga nke ọma ha ga-arụpụta omume, na etinyere agbazi mmemme.

Future ọkachamara kwesịrị nchekwube. Nchekwube ama n'ọrụ ndị mmadụ na-egosipụta na-elekọta mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ na-akwanyere a isiokwu na-enwe a mmachi ikike, ka a ọha mmadụ na nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ga-gụnyere, ka ya onwe ya.

Nkwadebe mmụta NPCs

Fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla obodo nwere a mahadum, nke nwere a direction "defectological akụziri." Na Moscow e nwere a ole na ole ọrụ. Otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ - Russian New University (NPCs). Ọ bụ ihe na kwurula na-abụghị uru izi nzukọ nke dịworo kemgbe 1991.

"Defectological Education" ke University awade Faculty of Psychology na Pedagogy. Mgbe ị na-enweta ọ bụla ocho oru na-enyere ohere ịhọrọ ihe kasị adaba ụdị ọzụzụ. Na oge ọmụmụ na-enwe 5 ụbọchị a izu. Di na nwunye na ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu na-amalite na 9 awa. On absentia na Russian ọhụrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum onwe nwee izi. Klas na mahadum na-enwe 2 ugboro a afọ n'oge sessions, oge nke nke bụ ihe ụbọchị 20.

Education na MPSU

N'etiti mahadum na ịzụ nkụzi, okwu na-agwọ ọrịa, i nwere ike ka na-enye ihe atụ nke Moscow psychological na Social University (MPSU). Nke a izi alụmdi bụkwa ihe kwurula na-abụghị uru alụmdi. Ya na-eme na mahadum ụbọchị laghachi 1995.

Moscow-emetụta akparamàgwà mmadụ na-elekọta mmadụ na mahadum, na-akpọbu alụmdi implements a ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke oge a na nkuzi ihe. Otu n'ime ha e nwere "defectological mmụta" na okokporo. Ọ na-awa oge nile, akụkụ-oge na n'akwụkwọ ozi ọmụmụ. Master mmemme a ebe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na-adịghị nyere.

n'ọdịnihu na-agụsị akwụkwọ

People wean kwupụta "defectological (pụrụ iche) mmụta" na mahadum na natara a ubre, i nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ a dịgasị iche iche nke òtù:

• na agụmakwụkwọ njikọ niile ụdị na-etoju;
• na pụrụ iche (remedial) ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara, ụlọ akwụkwọ na nlekọta ahụ ike na ụlọ ọrụ;
• na ebe a na-enye psychological, ọgwụ, izi na-elekọta mmadụ aka;
• na-elekọta mmadụ nchedo oru;
• ọrụ ebere na obodo òtù na-arụ ọrụ na ndị mmadụ nwere nkwarụ.

Gụchara akwụkwọ na-eme n'ọdịnihu na-echere ọrụ siri ike. Ha na-arụ ọrụ na a akpan akpan onye ga-mkpa aka bụghị ya, ya na ezinụlọ ya. Lee otu ihe atụ. Ya mere, ndị nkụzi na-therapist-arụ ọrụ na na nwa na dị na anyị agbazi mmemme. Na nkà na-elekọta mkpa ha, ma ya ma ndị mụrụ ya, nso ikwu, n'ihi na ezinụlọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro nke na mgbazi na pedagogical mmetụta. Ihe kachasi mkpa nke na-enyere ndị nne na nna bụ ka ndụmọdụ na mmepe, ọzụzụ, socialization na mwekota nke nwa n'ime otu. N'ihi ya, na-arụ ọrụ ga-esi ike, ma ọ na-na-akpali, ya mere, ọpụrụiche "defectological (pụrụ iche) mmụta" kwesịrị anya.