State Nature Biosphere Reserve "Khanka" Primor: nkọwa

N'isiokwu a anyị chọrọ ikwu banyere "Khanka" Nature Reserve. Ọ na-emi odude na Western ala gbara osimiri okirikiri dị larịị Khanka, Chernigov, Khorol, Kirov, Spassky district nke Primorye Territory. Reserve e guzobere na 1990 iji chebe ebe oyi na nesting nnụnụ.

Ebe ahụ idobere ọnọdụ

"Khanka" State Nature Reserve dị na ndịda-ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Primorsky Territory, dị n'ikperé Lake Khanka, na nso nso Russian-Chinese ókè.

Na ókèala nke Biosphere idobere na-adịkwaghị herbaceous ala opitoropi ala ahịhịa juru. Na ngụkọta e mmadụ bi iri anọ na asatọ ụdị mammals, na anọ n'ime ha ọbụna depụtara na Red Book of Russia. Reserve "Khanka" nwere ebe ihe karịrị 39 000 hectare. Nke a gụnyere a nnukwu ebe mmiri freshwater ọdọ Khanka, nke gbara a zuru ezu ọtụtụ ahịhịa marshes.

Ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ala nke Lake Khanka ọgaranya ala opitoropi, ahịhịa na ọhịa ahịhịa, ihe kacha mkpa na-atụle ndị ahịhịa ahịhịa juru na marshes. Coast ekpuchi ọtụtụ ahịhịa amị, sedges, weere ahihia ala ahịhịa juru.

Ma, dị ka oké ọhịa na osisi, ha na-ezughi ezu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-elekwasị anya na-Luzanova ugwu. A na saịtị na-eto eto Aspen, Mongolian oak, lindens, velvet.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-echebe ebe

Na 1971 Khanka Lake na gburugburu ebe e ghọtara etiti nke mba dị mkpa. The echiche nke na-eke a na-echebe ebe pụtara na iri abụọ nke narị afọ gara aga. Ọ bụ nanị na 1990 ebe a idobere "Khanka" e kere - nnọọ na-eto eto, m nwere ike ọbụna na-ekwu na nke ọdụdụ gburugburu Primorsky Krai.

Na April 1996, na Russian na Chinese ọchịchị aka nkwekọrịta guzosie na ndabere nke China na-echebe mpaghara "Shinkai-Hu" Khanka ma na-echebe ala "Lake Khanka" mba idobere.

Na ole na ole nke peatland mee ya haziri. Otu n'ime ha - bụ ebe "pine". Ọ haziri na 1965 ma. E nwekwara ndị dị otú ahụ mee, "River" (1948), "Khanka" (1963), "nzọpụta" (1962).

M ga-asị na dum na-echebe ebe ekewa ise n'akụkụ kpam kpam dịpụrụ adịpụ:

1. Ibé "pine" ebe nke 375 hectare.
2. "River" saịtị. Ya ebe bụ 12.494 hectare.
3. Ibé "Melgunovsky" ebe nke 300 hectare.
4. The saịtị "Ekwensu apiti". Ya ebe bụ 16.641 hectare.
5. "Kreenu" saịtị. Ya ebe bụ 9479 hectare.

ihu igwe

Reserve "Khanka" emi odude ke mpaghara nke mmiri udu idụhe. N'ihi na ebe a na e nwere nnukwu n'oge a kara aka na diurnal okpomọkụ ọdịiche. Winter na mpaghara a na obere snow, na spring - akọrọ na jụụ, n'oge okpomọkụ - ezo na-ekpo ọkụ. N'oge afọ, oké mmiri ozuzo dị nnọọ mkpumkpu. The coldest ọnwa nke afọ bụ January, okpomọkụ nwere ike idebe na -20 degrees. Ma ndị kacha bụrụ ezigbo oge - July, mgbe okpomọkụ na temometa atọrọ 20 degrees.

ala

Prihantiyskie larịị bụ alluvial ke uwa. Ha na-guzobere si ọdọ sediments, tumadi ụrọ loam. ọdọ ọkụkọ ájá ala. On elu akụkụ bụ loams. Ma na ewepụghị ebe adịkwaghị opitoropi na ọkara opitoropi ala. Peat mmiri bụ nnọọ nnukwu - dịghị ihe karịrị iri ise sentimita. Na n'okpuru bụ ụrọ, nke bụ a waterproof oyi akwa, nke na-akpata-adọ mmiri n'ala.

Nature idobere

Dị ka anyị kwuru, a nche mpaghara n'ozuzu nzube "Khanka" Reserve - bụ, n'elu ihe nile, na ala-na-na-agha ụgha ala ahịhịa juru na ala opitoropi na ọhịa ahịhịa. Coast nke ọdọ tojuru amị na sedges. Osisi na-interspersed na osisi. Na ụkwụ nke ugwu nta ị pụrụ ịhụ ahịhịa ala ahịhịa juru. Forest dị nnọọ nta. Songacha River na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke osimiri ị pụrụ ịhụ na saịtị n'ime obere oak na ash osisi. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Lake Khanka ekpuchi broadleaf ata. M ga-asị na osisi nke idobere na-agụnye 712 ụdị vaskụla osisi: 32 - ụdị osisi, 43 - bushes, 3 - Original Mix vine, 9 - osisi, 625 - herbaceous osisi.

Bogs ekpuchi banyere iri asaa percent nke na-echebe ebe. A mara mma bụ ha mfe Ọdịdị. Nke a na-egosipụta na eziokwu na, dị ka a na-achị, a na-adịkwaghị otu ma ọ bụ abụọ nke opitoropi osisi, nke ikpuchi nwere ala. E nwere ihe anọ ụdị nke ala mmiri: sedge, amị, sedge, krupnotravnye na owu-ahịhịa sedge.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere krupnotravnyh marshes, ha tumadi iso nke okpete, cattail osikapa ọhịa, ụtọ na mbụ. Nke a bụ mbụ ogbo eutrophication. N'oge ụdi dewatering ịzụlite sedge, na mgbe ahụ bụ ahịhịa amị-sedge marshes, nke mesịrị gbanwee amì ahihia ala ahịhịa juru. Ọ bụ ndị a ozu mmiri bụ oké egwu Waterfowl, nke na-hụrụ bụghị nanị na-echebe ma na-dị mkpa na nri.

Meadows, n'aka nke ya, na-ekewa n'ime abụọ na ụdị: mmiri, udu mmiri. Ya mere, okporo amị ahihia ala ahịhịa juru na-anọchi anya na-erughị otu percent nke dum ebe. Ha na-enịm tumadi na-adọ mmiri n'ala. Gwara ikwusi ma ọ bụ merụsịrị. E ji mara ha osisi - skullcap, uzkolisty amị, amì Langsdorf. Herbs na-eto eto ogologo ma oké.

Ma Langsdorfeynikovye ala ahịhịa juru lekwasịrị anya apịtị n'ala. Ha hụrụ a ngụkọta nke iri na abụọ ụdị osisi. Ezie na weere ahihia ala ahịhịa juru na-na akaụntụ maka ihe karịrị iri iche ahịhịa.

Ma okporo ahịhịa amị-forb ala ahịhịa juru ọkọnọ ama iri abụọ herbs, n'etiti ha: bentgrass, Rue, Calamagrostis uzkolisty, bedstraw.

Birds nsọ

Reserve "Khanka" - a paradise maka Waterfowl na aquatic nnụnụ. A ngụkọta nke 336 umu dere ebe a. Ke adianade do, e nwere isii amphibian umu na asaa na umu nke nākpu akpu, e nwekwara a maara nke ọma Far Eastern mbe na Red Book.

The idobere dị ezigbo mkpa na usoro nke ozuzu na n'oge a kara aka migrations nnụnụ. Na mpaghara a 110 ụdị nesting nnụnụ. Kwa afọ e nwere banyere 25 na abụọ nke nesting red-kpuwere cranes, 8 ụzọ abụọ duarskih cranes. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọ bụla ụdị kreenu abịa a narị mmadụ. The na-adịbeghị anya na-abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Far Eastern storks, ugbu a, ha na-nesting na 25 ụzọ abụọ. N'oge uka na spring nnụnụ Mbugharị Hanke akwụsị ruo 500 puku ụdị ọbọgwụ, geese na swans. N'eziokwu, ọ bụ ihe ịrịba n'anya. Ị pụrụ iche n'echiche ihe ihe ịrịba nọmba nke anụ ufe n'otu oge lekwasị ke otu, albeit nnukwu ọdọ mmiri.

Na Russia, naanị "Khanka" idobere akwu Intermediate Egret na Reed Parrotbill.

Na Nature Reserve dere 69 umu nke azụ, 9 nke ha na-edepụtara dị ka nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Na mmiri nke na-echebe na-akpata ihe mgbakwasị Plagiognathops Microlepis, perch-Auha, nwa Amur bream, na azụ okpo Soldatov.

anụmanụ ụwa

"Khanka" idobere, ụmụ anụmanụ na dị iche na umu di iche iche, na-etu ọnụ a nnọọ obere ihe. M ga-asị na na ókèala nke na-echebe ebe e dere na ọtụtụ obere umu depụtara na Red Book na Red Book nke Russian Primorye, ihe karịrị nnọọ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ egwuregwu mee. Reserve "Khanka" enyene mbụ ọnọdụ n'etiti echebe ebe nke Primorsky Territory. Nke 112 obere ụmụ anụmanụ nke a region 60 na-hụrụ na idobere.

Ebe a na-dere 45 umu mammals. The ndepụta nke ndị na-na-mgbe niile bi na ebe, gụnyere 8 ụdị insectivores, 12 òké, 9 na umu nke eri nnụnụ, lagomorphs 2 na onye hoofed. Na-adịghị ahụkebe mammals na-anọchi anya ya anọ umu. Ha nile na-depụtara na Red Book.

Na ókèala nke idobere bụ kasị òké dị ka ubi ụmụ oke, isi awọ oke, Far Eastern vole, Dahurian Hamster, Amur ebinta, nnukwu-acha ọcha-toothed shrew. Na ala ahịhịa juru plurality Roe bi na elu grasses. Na ebe ndị a na-dị nnọọ ikwu n'ụzọ aja aja na Himalaya bea. Ọzọkwa na ókèala nke na-echebe mpaghara ndụ ụmụ anụmanụ e depụtara na Red Book of Russia. Otu n'ime ha a ma ama na Siberia tiger, na-acha ọbara ọbara wolf, Far leatherback mbe.

E nwere ndị na ụmụ anụmanụ na mgbe nile ma ọ bụ mgbe ụfọdụ na-aga na contiguous n'ókèala: Himalaya na aja aja na anụ ọhịa bea, mink, ọhịa boars, tiger, turu ntupọ mgbada na wapiti.

Ancient ndị mmadụ

The idobere n'àgwàetiti Riabokon hụrụ na-adọba ụgbọala n'oge ochie. Ndị mbụ na-achọta dịịrị Old Stone Age, ha ajụjụ maka ihe 15 puku afọ.

Ke adianade do, na-hụrụ n'oge Neolithic ncheta, ọtụtụ 7500 afọ, nakwa dị ka mbubreyo Neolithic oge (5000 afọ), na oze Age na Iron.

Ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere Reserve a pụrụ iche ebe a obere ebe na-lekwasị a otutu gwupụtara n'ala metụtara a dịgasị iche iche nke afọ.

Nke a ebe a bụ ihe magburu onwe ebe - "Khanka" idobere. Primor ebe ọzọ nwere dị otú ahụ a buru ibu ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na saịtị.

Unique ebe na idobere

Site a na nkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu, e nwere a kpamkpam pụrụ iche akpọkwa na idobere. Otu bụ na obodo oxytrope Khanka, bi na Cape Arsenyev, Cape Przewalski na pine Island.

Ke adianade do, na-echebe ala-eto eto (na Ilistaya estuary) pụrụ iche ogwu Lotus Komarov.

Ma Melgunovka estuary obụrede mbụre kasị ógbè nke abà na Far East. N'oge opupu ihe ubi Mbugharị ebe a bụ nnukwu ìgwè ewu na aturu nke nnụnụ.

Riabokon n'àgwàetiti ahụ, na n'ebe ndịda ụsọ oké osimiri, bụ nanị n'ebe a na Maritime ugwu, bụ ebe na-eto eto licorice blednotsvetnaya, edenyere na Red Book of Primorye.

Esi na idobere?

The obodo kasị nso n'obodo ndị idobere - ya Spassk-Far. Nke a bụ ebe ochichi debere Khanka mpaghara. Ọ na-emi odude 220 kilomita site Vladivostok. Si ya na Spassk Far nwere ike ruru bọs. Ọ na-ejegharị dị nnọọ otu oge a ụbọchị.

Address ochichi: Primorsky Territory, Spassk-Far, Ershov n'okporo ámá, 10.

kama ihe akụkụ ikpeazụ

"Khanka" Reserve - ntà na Maritime mpaghara. Otú ọ dị, Lake Khanka, emi odude ke ókèala ya, dịwo anya ndị idobere nke mba dị mkpa n'ihi na nnụnụ. N'ezie, nzube nke idobere bụ ọmụmụ na ichebe emere na Filiks, multiplication na ichebe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ọdọ mmiri nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi. Na gburugburu ebe obibi ọnọdụ nke n'ókèala emetụta a nnukwu ịta nke obere na-n'ihe ize ndụ osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ. The Reserve bụ a pụrụ iche na a oké ịta nke nnụnụ, na-eme ya a pụrụ iche na-nnọọ mkpa maka migratory nnụnụ.