The ọdịda nke Amur River si iyi na ọnụ

Isi osimiri nke na Far Eastern District - Amur. Dị ka ya hydrological kwa ọ na-anọchi na 4th ebe n'etiti 10 kasị Russian osimiri. Tutu nke ya naanị Ob, Yenisei na Lena, nke aga site n'ebe ndịda nke Siberia na oké osimiri nke Arctic Ocean. N'ụzọ dị iche, Amur họọrọ a dị iche iche na ọdọ mmiri - Pacific, na-aga site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ọwa mmiri na-amalite ugwu larịị Transbaikalia si mmakọ nke Shilka na Argun. Inwe 2824 km, mmiri nke Amur osimiri agbapụtara n'ime Pacific Ocean nso n'obodo Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, ndinyanade mbịne n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Tatar Strait. The catchment ebe nke osimiri efere na 1855 sq.km. The ọdịda na ná mkpọda nke obodo Amur River adabere teren: ọ bụ na elu ugwu, na Lower - ewepụghị.

hydrological okwu

onwunwe nke mmiri n'elu mmasị n'elu na-egosi okwu ndị dị ka ọdịda na longitudinal mkpọda nke osimiri ahụ. N'ihi na mkpebi siri ike nke ndị a kwa bụ mkpa ịmata elevations nke elu (onu) at ẹkedọhọde ihe na anya therebetween tụrụ tinyere ọwa mmiri. Watermarks na-kọwaa n'etiti kasị ala adade mmiri - na ala mmiri.

Fall River - karịa ndị larịị na downstream nke ebe odude upstream. Hà na linear nkeji nke ogologo - na mita ma ọ bụ sentimita.

Ná mkpọda nke osimiri - gbakọọ space uru kpebisiri ike site quotient nke omume River na ogologo-ya n'etiti kọwaa ihe. Egosi dị ka ‰ - kwa nnù (puku nke ọnụ ọgụgụ) ma ọ bụ% (hundredths).

Egosi River echiche ọjọọ nke usoro m = H1 - H2 / L, nke:

M - longitudinal mkpọda osimiri% ma ọ bụ ‰;

H1 - akara larịị nke osimiri na n'elu kọwara mmadụ nke m;

H2 - otu, na ala, m;

L - ogologo nke osimiri n'etiti kọwaa ihe na mita ma ọ bụ kilomita.

Full dobe nke osimiri - dị iche na elu na isi iyi na ọnụ. Ọ dịghị mkpa bụ ihe ga-abụ ebe - ikwu ma ọ bụ kpam kpam.

Nkezi echiche ọjọọ River - n'ihi nkerisi ngụkọta dobe na ya n'ozuzu ya n'ogologo.

Site uru nke osimiri mkpọda, i nwere ike ikpebi ihe ụdị ọ bụ. N'ihi na ugwu osimiri ji nnukwu deviations tùa site ọtụtụ iri sentimita ole na ole iri puku kwuru iri mita. Maka larịị obere deviations, tụrụ na sentimita. Ọ e ji mara echiche ọjọọ eruba ike ọsọ nke osimiri mmiri.

The Amur osimiri

Ụra site ná mmalite ruo n'ọnụ bụ 304 m Nke a nọmba -. The dị iche n'etiti elevations n'ọnụ (0 m - oké osimiri) na a isi iyi nke osimiri.

Malite Cupid - jikọrọ ọnụ nke Shilka na Argun. . Stamp elu na a na-achịkọta 53 degrees 21,5 nkeji bụ 304 m N'ihi ya, n'ozuzu dobe na Amur osimiri ga-abụ: 304 - 0 = 304 m.

Ịmara na ogologo nke osimiri na-ada chọta nkezi longitudinal mkpọda nke ọwa mmiri, ọ bụ hà:

M = 304/2824 = 0.107 ‰ ahazi ma ọ bụ 0,11 ‰.

Nke a pụtara na dabere direction na nke na-akpali (site na mpaghara ma ọ bụ map), kwa kilometa ogologo nke osimiri mmiri larịị n'elu ya izmenyaeetsya 11 cm. Ọ bụrụ na ije downstream, dobe na Amur River na bụla kilometa ebelata 11 cm. Ma nke a bụ ihe ndika uru, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ọwa mmiri na-aga, tinyere n'elu n'otu n'akuku nke echiche.

N'eziokwu, ọnọdụ ndị dị otú maka osimiri nile nke ụwa adịghị adị n'ebe ọ bụla. Ọwa ha tọgbọrọ dị iche iche geomorphological ọnọdụ. Ha emetụta mgbanwe nke parameters na-ada ná mkpọda, ọbụna n'oge otu n'ime osimiri.

3 akụkụ (kwụsịtụrụ), dabere na teren na ọdịdị nke eruba stream ekewa Cupid. Fall na mkpọda na Upper, Middle na Lower Amur dị iche iche.

elu Amur

The isi iyi nke ya amalite si confluence nke Argun na Shilka. Ebe kpebisiri n'ókè nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke agwaetiti Mad akara ihu 304 m na ọgwụgwụ enyịme. N'Ọnụ osimiri Zeya - ekpe tributary, nke aga na 1936 km si n'ọnụ Amur. N'ihi ya, na ogologo nke 888 km nke Lower Amur. Elu-boo na uru nke 125 m. Fall River Cherie na mkpọda na mpaghara ebe a bụ 179 m na 0,2 ‰ karị. Agwa igba nso ugwu iyi - eruba ike ọsọ bụ nkezi nke 1.5 m / s. The obosara nke ọwa na ala mmiri si 420 m na 1 km.

Middle Amur

Ibé ihe na-ejedebeghị: elu stream - r.Zei ọnụ (Blagoveshensk) na a akara elu 125 m, na ala - ọnụ Ussuri (y s.Kazakevichevo) - elu onu òkè ogologo nke 41 m - 970. Km. Amur Fall River ebe a bụ 84 m, na mkpọda (84/970) 0,086 ‰. Nke a pụtara ala elevations EDGE 8.6 cm 1 km nke osimiri ahụ. Eruba ike ọsọ nke 5.5 km / h ma ọ bụ 1, 47 m / s. Channel obosara si 530 na 1170 m.

ala Amur

Ịchọpụta na anya n'etiti ihe na osimiri - 966 km (ọnụ nke Amur na confluence na ya Ussury inflow). Elevations: n'elu ebe - 41 m, ike - oké osimiri 0 m pụtara na dobe nke Amur osimiri na mpaghara ebe a - 41 m Slope - 0.042 ‰ ... The eruba ọnụego na ala eruba 0,9 m / s, na elu mmiri ka 1.2 m / s. The obosara nke ọwa - si 2 km (ebe) na 11 km, na ọnụ - ruo 16 km.

The hydrological ọchịchị nke osimiri

Amur ji akwa mmiri inwetara: okwu nkezi kwa afọ runoff 403 cubic km, nkezi eruba ọnụego na ọnụ nke 12800 cubic mita / s.

Main ike ọkọnọ (ruo 80% nke eruba) - okpomọkụ na-ada mmiri ozuzo mmiri. Ndị fọdụrụ 20% na-nkezi nke gbazee na ala, na ihe dị ka hà percentages.

Meltwater nri osimiri si April na May, otú iju mmiri agbatị na a obere olu nke eruba adịghị akpata ịrị elu elu-etoju. Iju Mmiri oge a na-emekarị site n'afọ ruo n'afọ bụ na July-August. N'oge a, mgbe ụfọdụ, aza ajụjụ maka 75% nke kwa afọ runoff.

Dịtụ ala etoju nke akara (ala mmiri) dị mkpa iburu n'obi na iju mmiri ha gafere 10-15 m na elu ma na etiti iyi, na downstream - ruo 6-8 m ozuzo kpatara akwafuo Middle na Lower Amur 25 km na elu-etoju nke nọgidere. na idei mmiri ebe aka 70 ụbọchị.

Multi-ụbọchị mmiri udu mmiri na August 2013 mere kpata ajọ idei mmiri na Amur efere, idei mmiri mmadụ niile na ala oru ubi.

Summer ala mmiri mgbe ofufe nke "mgbọrọgwụ" nke mmiri (snowmelt na ugwu) - na njedebe nke June. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ - ke mbubreyo September-n'oge October. Akpụkọta-emekar ke mbubreyo October - mmalite November. Emepe nke ice - mgbe mbụ ụbọchị iri nke April na May.