Structure nke mmadụ Ezé: atụmatụ na nkọwa

Isiokwu a na-emekọ ihe owuwu ma na ọrụ nke ezé - mkpa ngwa nke ahụ mmadụ. The Ezé a mirror ngosipụta nke ike nke onye ahụ, ha unsatisfactory steeti nwere ike ikpe na a dịgasị iche iche nke ọtọ ọrịa. Ọzọkwa taa, a mara mma ịchị ọchị - bụ isi ihe ịga nke ọma na gị ọrụ na ihe onwe onye mmekọrịta. Nkeji edemede Ọdịdị eburu mkpuchi nke a dịgasị iche iche nke okwu, gụnyere Ọdịdị nke mmadụ ezé; ha ebe na dentition; N'adịghị ka deciduous ezé si na-adịgide adịgide; mkpa ekwesị na-elekọta ezé na na.

nha nha ọrụ

Ezé - a ọkpụkpụ a kpụworo na-edeghị ede oghere na nwere a kpọmkwem Ọdịdị, udi, ji ọnụnọ nke ya ụjọ na usoro ọbara ji erugharị, na Lymph arịa mere ndokwa na iwu dentition na otú ịrụ ọrụ dịgasị iche iche. Ezé na-ifịk ke ume, nakwa dị ka na guzobere na pronunciation nke ụda, okwu guzobere. Ke adianade do, ha na-arụ n'ibu isi nri nhazi, na-agụnye otu n'ime ndị isi ọrụ nke bi organism - .. Nutrition.

Ọ ga-kwuru na ezughị ata ata nri dị ka ogbonye gbarie na nwere ike ime ka malfunction nke eriri afọ tract. Ke adianade do, na-anọghị nke dịkarịa ala, ụfọdụ nke ezé na-edeghị ede oghere na-emetụta ndị ekwu, t. E. The doo anya pronunciation nke ụda. Ports na aesthetic picture - ekpu ihu. Ogbenye eze ahụ ike na pụrụ iduga ọjọọ ume nakwa dị ka na mmepe nke dị iche iche na-edeghị ede ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala na-efe efe nke dum organism.

Ọdịdị nke mmadụ ezé. The circuit ndokwa nke jaws

The norm n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke ụmụ mmadụ ezé bụ na ego nke 28-32 nkeji. Na-erule afọ 25 na-emekarị na-ewe zuru guzobe nke dentition. The ezé na-emi odude na ma jaws, adịru iche elu na nke ala dentitions. Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ na agha, ezé (ha ahụkarị nhazi ọkwa) nwere ndị na-esonụ ụdị. Onye ọ bụla nke nyere ahịrị mejupụtara 14-16 ezé. Ahịrị bụ symmetrical na ha conventionally kewara ekpe ma ziri ezi oru. Ezé ịpụta usoro nọmba - abụọ-ọbula nọmba. First ọbula - oru nke elu ma ọ bụ ala agha, site 1 4.

N'oge clamping n'agba ihu ezé overlapping ala 1/3 nke eze okpueze, na a mmekọrịta dị n'etiti dentition a na-akpọ occlusion. Na-ezighị ezi interdigitation hụrụ occlusion curvature, nke na-eduga-emeghasịkwa nke masticatory ọrụ na aesthetic nkwarụ.

The na-akpọ amamihe ezé nwere ike ọgaghị adị na, ụkpụrụ, na-egosi na-edeghị ede oghere. Taa, e nwere nghọta na nke a bụ a nkịtị ọnọdụ na ọnụnọ nke ndị a ezé ama nhọrọ. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a version bụ nnukwu ego arụmụka.

The ezé na-adịghị ike na-agbake. Ha mgbanwe emee otu ugbo n'oge ndụ mmadụ: akpa, nwa ọhụrụ mmiri ara ehi ezé egosi, mgbe ahụ, ha na-agbanwe mgbe nile agadi 6-8 afọ. Na-emekarị ka afọ 11 e nwere a zuru nnọchi nke mmiri ara ehi ezé ofu.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ eze. mmewere

The anatomical Ọdịdị nke mmadụ eze na-egosi na ọ na-dabere kere atọ akụkụ: okpueze, olu na mgbọrọgwụ.

Okpueze nke nha nha - ọ adahade n'elu chịngọm akụkụ. Okpueze kpuchie Enamel - eguzogide ọgwụ na-akpa ákwà na-echebe eze si emebiri mmetụta nke bacteria na asịd.

E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke na-ebupụta nke eze okpueze :

• Occlusion - n'elu ke ebe a ụzọ nke na-emechi eze na ndị na-abụghị agha.
• Face (vestibular) - nha nha elu n'akụkụ cheeks ma ọ bụ egbugbere ọnụ.
• Lingual (lingual) - .. The n'ime eze elu n'ihu n'ime ọnụ, ie elu nke bụ na kọntaktị na pronunciation nke asụsụ na-ada.
• Kpọtụrụ (approximal) - nha nha okpueze elu, chere ihu ka ezé dị na obi.

The olu - akụkụ nke eze, nke di n'etiti okpueze na mgbọrọgwụ, ejikọta ha, kpuchie n'ọnụ nke na-agazu n'agbụ na ntekwasa na simenti. The n'olu nwere a tapered ụdị.

Root - a akụkụ nke eze, nke na ọ bụ ofu na eze na-ọma. Dabere ụdị nhazi ọkwa nke nha nha mgbọrọgwụ nwere site na otu na ọtụtụ Filiks. More na-atụlekwu banyere n'okpuru.

histological Ọdịdị

Histology nke ọ bụla eze bụ kpọmkwem otu ihe ahụ, ma onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere a dị iche iche udi dị ka ọrụ rụrụ site ya. Ọgụgụ na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya stratified Ọdịdị nke mmadụ ezé. Foto na-egosiputa niile eze na anụ ahụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ọnọdụ nke ọbara na Lymph arịa.

Nha nha Enamel ntekwasa. Nke a inogide ákwà esịnede 95% nke ịnweta salts, dị ka magnesium, zinc, strontium, ọla kọpa, ígwè, Fluoride. Ndị fọdụrụ 5% bụ organic bekee - edozi, lipids, carbohydrates. Ọzọkwa, Enamel mejupụtara na-agụnye a mmiri mmiri abuana ke n'ahụ Filiks.

Enamel, n'aka nke ya, na-nwere ihe elu shei - cuticle na-ekpuchi Lonely elu nke a eze, Otú ọ dị, ọ nēche mkpa na-emecha ehichapu ya.

Ndabere nke nha nha dentine - ọkpụkpụ - collection of minerals, siri ike, gbara ya gburugburu dum oghere nke eze na mgbọrọgwụ kanaal. dentine anụ ahụ mejupụtara a ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke microscopic ọwa site na nke metabolic Filiks-eme na ezé. Dị ọwa-ebute site ná akwara esi gboo. N'ihi na akwụkwọ, 1 sq. mm dentine mejupụtara ruo 75 000 tubules.

Pulp. Periodontium. Ọdịdị nke ahụ mgbọrọgwụ

Ọ Nleta ihe dị n'ime oghere nke nha nha pulp - adụ anụ ahụ, omume rụrụ Ọdịdị, jupụtara site ọbara na lymphatic arịa na akwara endings.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ mgbọrọgwụ nke ụmụ mmadụ ezé anya dị ka. The mgbọrọgwụ nke eze dị na n'agba ọkpụkpụ, na a pụrụ iche oghere - alveolus. Mgbọrọgwụ, nakwa dị ka okpueze nke a ezé, esịnede mineralized anụ - dentine, nke a na externally kpuchie cement - ákwà, obere ike tụnyere na Enamel. Dental mgbọrọgwụ n'ọnụ agwụ site mmeghe nke na-anwale ọbara arịa na-eri nri na-ezé. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbọrọgwụ na eze dịgasị dị na ya ọtọ nzube, si a mgbọrọgwụ na incisors, ka 4-5 na ịta ezé mgbọrọgwụ.

Periodontium - a connective anụ ahụ na ihe jupụtara n'ime oghere dị n'etiti ezé mgbọrọgwụ na oghere nke n'agba, nke ọ na-emi odude. Eriri ákwà ghọọ akụkụ ciment mgbọrọgwụ n'otu aka, na n'ime ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ nke n'agba na ndị ọzọ, nke mere na eze na-enye a siri ike na-ekekọta. Ọzọkwa, site periodontal anụ ahụ nke ọbara arịa udia bekee ịdaba nha nha anụ ahụ.

Ụdị ezé. egbutusị

Human ezé na-ekewa n'ime anọ bụ isi dị iche iche:

• incisors (Central na akuku);
• fangs;
• premolars (obere chewable / molars);
• molars (ibu chewable / molars).

Agha ụmụ mmadụ nwere a symmetrical Ọdịdị na-agụnye otu nọmba nke ezé n'ebe onye ọ bụla otu. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ụfọdụ atụmatụ na anatomical mbipụta dị ka Ọdịdị nke mmadụ ezé nke elu agha na ala n'usoro ezé. Ka anyị tụlee ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu.

The n'ihu ezé na-akpọ incisors. Na ụmụ mmadụ, ndị a 8 ezé - 4 n'elu na 4 n'okpuru. Egbutusị na-iji aru nri, kee ya n'ime iberibe. Atụmatụ nke Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'ihu ezé nke mmadụ mejupụtara na eziokwu na-egbutusị nwere a ewepụghị okpueze, n'ụdị ibe n'ibe, na a pụtara nkọ n'ọnụ. Na ngalaba anatomically ịrụ atọ hillocks na n'oge ndụ nke ihe onwunwe na-ehichapu ya. Maxillary Central incisors, abụọ - kasị ukwuu n'ime òtù nile nke ha otu. Mpụta incisors ndị yiri na Ọdịdị na Central Otú ọ dị, bụ ndị dị nta. Na-akpali mmasị, na mbepụ mpụta incisor nwekwara atọ tubercle, na-ewe a convex udi n'ihi na mmepe nke etiti (n'etiti) tuberositi. Root cutter otu, ewepụghị na-ewe ndị udi nke a cone. A mara mma nke nha nha - si eze oghere ndị top atọ pulp, nke-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi tubercles nke mbepụ.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ elu ezé ubé dị iche iche si mmewere nke ala Ahịrị nke ezé, t. E. All kpọmkwem na-abụghị nke mandible. Central incisors obere tụnyere n'akụkụ nwere a mkpa mgbọrọgwụ, mkpumkpu karịa mpụta incisors. The n'ihu eze elu - ubé arched, ma lingual - concave.

Mpụta incisor okpueze bụ nnọọ warara ma kpudo ya n'egbugbere ọnụ ya. The mbepụ nwere ihe abụọ eze n'akuku - center, nkọ, na mpụta - ọzọ obtuse. N'ihi na mgbọrọgwụ ji longitudinal grooves.

Fangs. ịta ikikere ezé

Canines e na-ekewa n'ime nta iberibe nri. The mmewere nke eze dị otú ahụ na na n'azụ (lingual) n'akụkụ nke okpueze gbatịrị furrow nke abahade ndị bit disproportionate ụzọ abụọ. The mbepụ nke nha nha azụlitewo a akpọ mkpumkpu azụ, na-eme udi nke a cone ekara okpueze, mgbe mgbe, yiri ezé carnivorous ụmụ anụmanụ.

Canine mandible nwere a mkpafa udi, okpueze na-emenye converge na medial tubercle. mgbọrọgwụ nke eze bụ ewepụghị, ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ tụnyere ndị ọzọ niile na mgbọrọgwụ nke ezé na mehieworonụ ime ime. Na ụmụ mmadụ, abụọ canines na onye ọ bụla agha, otu ọ bụla n'akụkụ.

Canines ọnụ na akuku ịcha n'ọnụ etolite ihe aak, nke na-amalite mgbe nkuku mgbanwe nke ọnwụ ezé Lonely.

Ka anyị tụlee ihe nke ọma na Ọdịdị nke ala nna mmadụ ezé, mbụ - obere Lonely, mgbe ahụ nnukwu Lonely. Isi nzube nke posterior ezé - a nke ọma n'ibu nhazi nke ihe oriri. Ọrụ a na-rụrụ premolars na molars.

premolars

The mbụ premolar (gosiri site onuogugu 4 ke eze usoro) dị iche na nke canines na incisors ya prismatic udi, okpueze nwere a convex elu. Ịta n'elu ji abụọ hillocks - buccal na lingual n'etiti dimples nwalere furrow. Buccal cusp lingual ọtụtụ ibu na size. The mgbọrọgwụ nke mbụ premolar bụ ka ewepụghị, ma ọ ugbua nwere a gbawara n'etiti na buccal na lingual òkè.

The abụọ premolar udi yiri nke mbụ, ma ya buccal n'elu ukwu ka ibu, na-akpata nwere a tapered udi abịakọrọ na anteroposterior direction.

Ịta elu nke mbụ ala premolar na-tapered kwupụta asụsụ. Okpueze nke nha nha mechie mgbọrọgwụ otu, ewepụghị, na grooves na n'ihu n'elu.

The abụọ premolar ibu karịa nke mbụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ma protuberance dokwara mepụtara na symmetrical, na zoro ezo na Enamel (fissure) therebetween nke dị n'ụdị ihe a akpukponu inyinya. The mgbọrọgwụ nke eze mgbọrọgwụ bụ yiri nke mbụ premolar.

Na mmadụ dentition 8 premolars, 4 na nke ọ bụla n'akụkụ (na elu ma na ala jaws). Tụlee anatomical atụmatụ na dum Ọdịdị nke mmadụ ezé nke elu n'agba (nnukwu posterior ezé) na iche ha si na Ọdịdị nke ala n'agba ezé.

molars

The mbụ molars nke elu n'agba - kasị ezé. Ọ na-akpọ oké amaala ezé. Okpueze yiri a rektangulu, na occlusal ala bụ a diamond udi na anọ cusps, n'etiti nke bụ distinguishable fissure H ekara ụdị. Nke a eze nwere atọ na mgbọrọgwụ: onye ziri ezi - kacha ike, na abụọ agba - ewepụghị, nke jụrụ na anteroposterior direction. Ndị a ezé mgbe emechi jaws abut megide onye ọ bụla ọzọ na ndị a ụdị "terminators", na njikọ na nke na-ata nnukwu ibu maka ndụ mmadụ.

Nke abụọ ezengwenri size nta karịa nke mbụ. Okpueze nwere a cubic udi na X ekara fissure n'etiti dimples. The mgbọrọgwụ nke ezé ndị yiri mgbọrọgwụ nke mbụ ezengwenri.

Structure nke ụmụ mmadụ ezé (molars ndokwa na nọmba) bụ yiri na ndokwa kọwara n'elu premolars.

First mandibular ezengwenri ise cusps maka Lonely - atọ buccal na abụọ lingual na F ekara fissure n'etiti ha. Na mgbọrọgwụ nke eze, abụọ - na otu n'azụ ọwa, na n'ihu - na abụọ. E wezụga ịcha mgbọrọgwụ ogologo mgbanwe.

Nke abụọ ezengwenri yiri nke mbụ mandibular ezengwenri. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke molars na a mmadụ premolar ekwekọ n'àgwà nke ndị nọmba.

Ọdịdị nke amamihe mmadụ ezé. nwa-ehi ezé

Nke atọ ezengwenri na-popularly na-akpọ "amamihe nha nha", na dentition nke mmadụ niile 4 nke a eze, 2 na nke ọ bụla agha. Na ala atọ ezengwenri agha nwere ike a plurality nke embodiments nke hillocks. Ọtụtụ mgbe, e nwere ndị na ise. Edi ke ofụri ofụri, mmewere ahụ nke "amamihe nha nha" nwoke analogous na Ọdịdị nke abụọ ezengwenri Otú ọ dị, mgbọrọgwụ mgbe yiri a obere akpati nnọọ ike.

Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, mbụ a onye nwere nwa ezé. Ha na-emekarị na-eto eto ruo 2.5-3 afọ. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nwa oge ezé bụ 20. The anatomical na histological Ọdịdị nke mmadụ mmiri ara ehi nha nha yiri a na-adịgide adịgide Ọdịdị, ma e nwere ụfọdụ iche iche:

1. The size nke ezé okpueze mmiri ara ehi nnọọ obere tụnyere mgbe nile.
2. Enamel mmiri ara ehi ezé thinner, na ihe ndị mejupụtara nwere ala ogo dentin mineralization ka tụnyere ezengwenri ezé, ka ụmụ caries mgbe egosi.
3. Ndahie nke pulp na mgbọrọgwụ kanaal mmiri ara ehi eze ọzọ tụnyere a mgbe nile olu, n'ihi na nke na ọ bụ ndị na-enwekarị iche iche mkpali Filiks.
4. The bumps na Ịta atụ na ọnwụ na-ebupụta dị nwayọọ.
5. Egbutusị mmiri ara ezé ọzọ convex.
6. The mgbọrọgwụ na-kpudo kwupụta egbugbere ọnụ, ha na-adịghị dị ka ogologo na sie ike dị ka e jiri ya tụnyere ndị mgbọrọgwụ nke na-adịgide adịgide ezé. Na njikọ na a mgbanwe ezé nwata - fọrọ nke nta enweghi mgbu usoro.

N'ikpeazụ, anyị na-arịba ama na, n'ezie, na Ọdịdị nke mmadụ ezé, ha ebe na n'agba emechi (occlusion) n'otu n'otu nwere atụmatụ e ji mara maka nke ọ bụla akpan akpan onye. Otú ọ dị dentition ngwa nke ọ bụla onye na-arụ dị mkpa na ọrụ ahụ ná ndụ, dị ka nke a, ihe karịrị oge na Ọdịdị nke ezé na ha mebere atumatu gbanwere. Ọ ga-echeta na ọtụtụ n'ime-enweghị nchịkwa na Filiks dentistry mepụtara na nwata, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mkpa inyocha na ịchọpụtakwa ọnọdụ nke ezé si akpa afọ nke ndụ. Nke a ga-nyere aka gbochie eze nsogbu na-adịghị afọ.

N'agbanyeghị ya ka o di mfe, ezé - a nnọọ mgbagwoju na ezi na-emebi emebi usoro, a multi-layered histological Ọdịdị, onye ọ bụla nke n'ígwé nwere otu onye nzube na nwere ụfọdụ Njirimara. Na eziokwu na ezé mgbanwe pụtara na ndụ naanị otu ugboro, na-eme na Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ n'agba (ezé, ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ) dị iche iche si mmewere nke n'agba nke fauna.