The art of tupu Columbian America. Artistic rụzuru na ije nke ndị dị iche iche tupu Columbian America

Mgbe mbụ Europe wee Amerika, ha na-eche a mepere anya na ha dị nnọọ iche na nke ọ bụla ha hụtụrụla n'ihu. The obodo enweghị echiche nke ọtụtụ echiche na ogologo na gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ ike na Old World. Ndị dị iche iche tupu Columbian America ejighị wheel, do bụghị ígwè ngwá ọrụ na-agba ịnyịnya.

More ijuanya eziokwu na ndị India, dị ka ha na-akpọ Native America si Europe, jisiri Mee ụfọdụ mara mma elu mepee. Ha nwere obodo, na-ekwu, ogologo n'ezigbo okporo ụzọ n'etiti niile, ide, astronomy, nakwa dị ka ihe pụrụ iche nka arịa.

Civilization tupu Columbian America bilie onwe ha nke ọ bụla ọzọ na abụọ ala na mpaghara - na Etiti America na Andes. Up ruo mgbe Spanish mmeri, ebe ndị a na-emmepe nke ọgụgụ isi na omenala ndụ nke Afrika.

Etiti America

Nke a na obodo ebe na-ekpuchi n'ókèala Central na n'ebe ndịda Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua na Costa Rica. Ndị mbụ bịara ebe a na 12th na narị afọ iri BC. Ọnọdụ na-ekwu, nwere pụta na-atọ na narị afọ iri BC. Malite mgbe ahụ ruo mgbe mmalite nke Spanish amalite ịchị na Etiti America, e nwere ọtụtụ mepụtara omenala.

Ndị mbụ bụ Olmec mmepeanya na biri na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Gulf of Mexico. Ha nwere a dị egwu n'ahụ niile ụdi ọdịnala ndị dị iche iche bi na mpaghara.

Olmec omenala

The kasị ochie art of tupu Columbian America ọnọde a nnọọ ihe ọhụrụ na omimi arịa. The kasị ama ncheta nke mmepeanya Olmec ibu isi na-mere nke basalt boulders. Ha nha mbio otu na ọkara mita na 3.4 mita, na ha itu n'etiti 25 na 55 tọn. Ebe ọ bụ na Olmec enweghị Ede asụsụ, nzube nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a bụ amaghị ama. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-achọ kwere na nke a bụ yikarịrị osise nke oge ochie na-achị achị. Nke a na-egosi site akụkụ nke headgear, nakwa dị ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị ọkpụkpụ na-adịghị yiri onye ọ bụla ọzọ.

Ebe ọzọ nke Olmec art - jed nkpuchi. Ha e gburu na nkà dị ukwuu. Mgbe ofufe nke Olmec mmepeanya, ndị a masks a chọpụtara site ndị Aztec, na-achịkọta ma echekwara ha dị ka ihe bara uru arịa. Ke ofụri ofụri, omenala nke tupu Columbian America na e guzobere n'okpuru mmetụta siri ike nke a n'oge ochie. Eserese, awụ na ọkpụkpụ nke Olmecs hụrụ ọtụtụ narị kilomita site n'ókèala ha ozugbo na-arụ.

Mayan mmepeanya

Next oké omenala Etiti America bilie gburugburu 2000 BC na kere ruo oge nke European colonialism. Ọ bụ Mayan mmepeanya, na-ahapụ n'azụ a ọtụtụ ọrụ nkà na ncheta. The kasị elu ịrị elu nke Maya omenala bụ na oge site na 200 na 900 afọ BC. A oge nke tupu Columbian America nwere a-enwe ọganihu obodo mepere emepe mmepe.

Frescoes, Bas-tụrụ na ọkpụkpụ nke Maya mere na oké finesse. Ha na-n'ụzọ ziri nnọọ ezi na-enye mmadụ n'ike-n'ike. The Mayas-ede na kalenda, ha na-kere a zuru ezu map nke eluigwe na-enwe ike ikwu ihe trajectory nke ngagharị nke mbara ala.

Fine Art Maya

Agba oyiyi na-echekwara ka ogbonye na iru mmiri climates. Ya mere, ka ọbọhọ bụghị ọtụtụ Mayan murals. O sina dị, iberibe otú ahụ ihe oyiyi ala dị na obodo oge ochie nke mba a. The ndụ iberibe na-egosi na nkà nke tupu Columbian America bụ ala karịa nke kacha mma ọrụ nke ndị oge gboo mepee nke Old World.

Maya ruru mma ke imewe nke ite, gụnyere ese. Kpụrụ ụrọ, ha na-abụghị nanị nnata ma ụmụ obere ihe oyiyi nke chi, ndị ọchịchị, totem ụmụ anụmanụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ngosi ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị. Maya mere ọla mere nke dị oké ọnụ ahịa na nkume, na-aku osisi a tụrụ atụ.

, Ọtụtụ ọkpụkpụ na Bas-tụrụ, nke na-egosi ihe ndị mere tupu Columbian America nke na oge. Artists Maya na-ekpe etched na nkume dị mkpa merenụ nke ọha na eze ndụ. On ọtụtụ ndị ihe oyiyi na e nwere ihe ịrịba ama na bụ nnọọ aka na nkọwa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na-anọchi anya na ihe ndekọ ndị a.

Mayan Architecture

American omenala n'oge nke Maya nwetara ya heyday, nke ike ma na-atụgharị uche ije. Na n'obodo nile, na mgbakwunye na-residential obibi ndị a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pụrụ iche na ụlọ. Being ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-enyocha mbara igwe, nke Maya wuru observatories nke eluigwe ihe. Ọzọkwa, ha nwere ihe mgbakwasị maka bọl. Ha nwere ike na-ewere ndị forerunners nke oge a football ubi. Sami bọọlụ mere si sap nke roba osisi.

Maya wuru ụlọ arụsị n'ụdị steepụ pyramid, on top of nke bụ a ebe nsọ. Wuru pụrụ iche nyiwe, ruo anọ mita n'ịdị elu na a na-zubere maka ọha na-eme ememe na okpukpe n'ememe.

Teotihuacán

Na ókèala nke oge a na Mexico bụ a mọ obodo nke oge ochie India na-ọma-echebewo ụlọ. Ọ dịghị ebe a na-tupu Columbian American ije na-erubeghị otú ahụ elu (n'ụzọ nkịtị ma n'ụzọ ihe atụ) ka na Teotihuacán. Ebe a bụ na Pyramid nke Sun - a ibu ulo elu nke 64 mita na a isi nke karịrị 200 mita. Na mbụ, n'elu ya, e nwere a osisi chọọchị.

Nso bụ Pyramid Ọnwa. Ọ bụ nke abụọ kasị ukwuu Ọdịdị nke Teotihuacán. Ọ e wuru mgbe Pyramid nke Sun na a raara nye na nnukwu chi nwaanyị nke ụwa na ọmụmụ. Na mgbakwunye na abụọ buru ibu, obodo nwere ọtụtụ nta anọ na-tiered steepụ owuwu.

Images na Teotihuacán

Fọrọ nke nta niile ụlọ n'obodo nwere frescoes. Background na ha, na-emekarị uhie uhie. Ndị ọzọ na agba na-eji ihe odide ndị ọzọ image ụkpụrụ akụkụ. Akpa nkata frescoes n'ụzọ ihe atụ ma na okpukpe, na-egosi na akụkọ ifo nke tupu Columbian America, ma e nwekwara nseta nke-eme kwa ụbọchị. Ọzọkwa, e nwere ihe oyiyi nke na-achị achị na-alụ ọgụ dike. Na Teotihuacán ọtụtụ ihe ọkpụkpụ, gụnyere ndị nke bụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ihe nke ụlọ.

Toltec omenala

Taa, anyị amaghị ihe dị a tupu Columbian America na oge n'etiti anyanwụ dara Mayan mmepeanya na ntoputa nke ndị Aztec. Ọ na-kweere na n'oge a nke Toltecs biri Etiti America. Maka ozi gbasara ndị a ọkà mmụta nke oge na-erite isi site Aztec akụkọ na-emeghị, nke n'ezie eziokwu na-nwere njikọ chiri anya na akụkọ ifo. Ma mgbe ochie na-egosi ka ekwe omume iji nweta ụfọdụ ọmụma a pụrụ ịdabere.

Toltec isi obodo nke Tula e odude ke ihe a na Mexico. Na ya ebe, foduru nke abụọ pyramid, otu onye nke raara nye chi Quetzalcoatl (feathered agwọ). N'elu ya anọ oke ọnụ ọgụgụ e sere Toltec dike.

Aztec Culture

Mgbe Spanish rutere Central America, ebe ha zutere a dike alaeze ukwu. Nke a bụ ala nke ndị Aztec. Na omenala nke ndị a dị ka anyị nwere ike ịgwa bụghị nanị ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta. N'ihi Spanish chroniclers, kọwara ihe ọ hụrụ nke mepere anya-echekwa ihe ọmụma banyere uri, egwú na ihe ngosi nka nke ndị Aztec.

Poetry Aztec

Uri art of tupu Columbian America, o doro anya na, nwere a ogologo omenala. Agbanyeghị, site na oge nke Spaniards ndị Aztec bụ abụ uri zoo ẹkenịmde a nnukwu nnọkọ nke ndị mmadụ. The poems na-emekarị gara site atụ ya, okwu na nkebi ahịrịokwu na mmadụ abụọ pụtara. E nwere ọtụtụ ndị edemede Genres: lyric uri, agha ballads, akụkọ ifo ifo, na na ..

Visual nkà na ije nke ndị Aztec

The isi obodo nke Aztec alaeze bụ Tenochtitlan. Ya ụlọ ahụ na-adịkwaghị ụkpụrụ ụlọ iche-iche, nke Chepụtara gara aga mmepeanya tupu Columbian America. Karịsịa, obodo bilie a 50 mita pyramid, reminiscent nke yiri owuwu nke Maya.

Osise na Bas-gosiri ebe ndị Aztec ka Mpaghara nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị, na a dịgasị iche iche nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe omume okpukpe. Nwere ha na ihe nakawa etu esi nke àjà mmadụ, nke e ẹkenịmde n'oge ememme.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ọhụrụ na omimi arịa bụ Aztec Sun Stone - a nnukwu okirikiri ọkpụkpụ, a dayameta nke fọrọ nke nta 12 mita. Na etiti nke chi anyanwụ a kọwara, gbara ya gburugburu ndị nnọchianya nke anọ gara aga eras. Around chi dere kalenda. Ọ na-kweere na Sun Stone jere ozi dị ka a chụọ àjà n'elu ebe ịchụàjà. Nke a artifact omenala tupu Columbian America na-ekpughe ya multiple emenye - mbara igwe ihe ọmụma, ihe ike ememe okpukpe, nkà jikota n'ime otu kwadoro.

Inca Culture

Ndị dị iche iche tupu Columbian America ruru a elu larịị nke development bụghị nanị na akụkụ bụ isi nke Afrika. Na Negeb, na Andes, ndị Inca mmepeanya mụbara pụrụ iche. Nke a mba geographically ebipụ ndị Mesoamerican omenala na mepụtara iche iche.

The Incas enweta mma na ọtụtụ ụdị nke art. Nnukwu mmasị nke ihe nakawa etu esi na akwa, na-akpọ tokapu. Nzube ha abụghị naanị ime ka uwe ọzọ mara. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị ọcha nke ụkpụrụ ahụ bụ nwekwara a na akara e ọ bụla okwu. Dị na a na-usoro, ha na-etolite nkebi ahịrịokwu na ahịrịokwu.

Andean music

Musical art of tupu Columbian America, nwere obere ẹnịm ke Andes ebe Inca ụmụ ndụ n'oge a. E nwekwara edemede isi mmalite kemgbe amalite ịchị. N'ime ndị a, anyị maara na Incas eji a dịgasị iche iche nke ifufe na percussion ngwá. Music so ememe okpukpe, ọtụtụ n'ime songs e jikọtara ya na okirikiri nke ubi-arụ ọrụ.

Machu Picchu

Inca bụkwa ama maka a pụrụ iche obodo wuru na n'ugwu. Ọ chọpụtara na 1911, ahapụlarị, otú ezigbo aha ya na-amaghị. Machu Picchu na mpaghara Indian asụsụ pụtara "ochie n'elu". Ụlọ n'obodo na-wuru nke nkume. Nkanka ka kpomkwem agbazi ka onye ọ bụla ọzọ na nkà nke oge ochie na-ewu ụlọ juru ọbụna n'oge a ọkachamara.

Culture North America

Ndị India, bụ onye biri n'ebe ugwu nke oge a Mexico, abụghị gị wuru nkume ụlọ, dị ka Pyramid nke Sun, ma ọ bụ Machu Picchu. Ma n'ise ihe nke ndị tupu Columbian America, bi na raoyne Mississippi River na Missouri, bụkwa ezi na-akpali. Na mpaghara a, ọtụtụ oge ochie olili mounds.

Na mgbakwunye na mfe mounds ke udi nke a ugwu, na ndagwurugwu nke Mississippi e steepụ nyiwe na mounds, nke ihe ndekọ nke veiled ọgụgụ nke dị iche iche ụmụ anụmanụ, dị ka agwọ na agụ iyi.

Mmetụta nke art on ugbu tupu Columbian America

Civilization oge ochie India na n'oge gara aga. Ma na nke ugbu a American omenala agba na akara nke oge ochie tupu colonial omenala. N'ihi ya, mba ekike nke ụmụ amaala obodo nke Chile na Peru dị yiri nnọọ ka uwe nke Inca. Na ihe osise nke ndị Mexico na-ese na-emekarị hụrụ stylistic ngwaọrụ ahụkarị nke ezi nkà nke Maya. Na na akwụkwọ ndị Colombia na-azụ dere mma ihe a chọrọ nnọọ kpara n'ime a ezi uche akụkọ maara ala Aztec uri.