The enyemaka nke Atlantic Ocean n'ala. Isi atụmatụ enyemaka nke Atlantic Ocean n'ala

Ka anyị tụlee n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ihe enyemaka nke Atlantic Ocean n'ala. Nke a isiokwu na-na ọtụtụ ebe na-dị elu ọnụ. Ya mere mkpa maka ọtụtụ bụ ajụjụ a: "Olee ebe m pụrụ ịchọta a nkọwa nke Atlantic Ocean?" Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-achọ a ọma ọmụmụ nke isiokwu a. N'isiokwu a anyị na-agbalị ka o kwere mee ka igosipụta okwu.

Ebe ọ bụ na akọwa na ala ọdịdị ala nke Atlantic Ocean, anyị mara na Mid-Atlantic Ridge - ya isi orographic mmewere. Dị ka ebe ọ bụ naanị ubé erughị seafloor (24.6% na 37,6% karị). All osimiri riiji na-ekewa abụọ n'akụkụ. Ha bụ banyere hà na size. General ozi na Atlantic Ocean, nakwa dị ka n'ozuzu ihe ọmụma nke ọdịdị ala ga-ekwe ka ị na mma ịghọta ihe bụ na eto ke ibuotikọ emi. Iji mma na-anọchi anya na ọnọdụ nke oké osimiri nke na anyị nwere mmasị, anyị na-atụ aro ka mara na kaadị.

Iji n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke etiti riiji

Newfoundland riiji dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ufọt ufọt osimiri riiji. Plateau nke Rio Grande, ịzụ Ceará, Ridge Barracuda na Bermuda ala dị larịị, nakwa dị ka projections nke Mid-Atlantic Ridge na continental oke n'okpuru mmiri, kewaa ọdịda anyanwụ ọkara nke oké osimiri n'ala Argentina, Brazil, Guiana (na Guyana), North American, Newfoundland na Labrador Basin . Norwegian-Greenland Basin na Baffin Sea na-na-ewere dị ka akụkụ nke a dị iche iche oké osimiri - na Arctic.

Labrador na Newfoundland Basin

Anyị na-anọgide na akụkọ ahụ bụ a enyemaka nke Atlantic Ocean n'ala. Nkenke akọwa abụọ efere - Newfoundland na Labrador (karịa omimi nke ikpeazụ - 5160 mita). Ha na-na, n'eziokwu, bụ otu unit. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha enyene ewepụghị abyssal ndagwurugwu. Na sub meridian direction ya obe na abyssal ndagwurugwu Hazen. Newfoundland Basin echebekwa si n'ebe ndịda riiji nke otu aha. Ọ bụ, dị ka e gosiri site dị iche iche seismic now ọmụmụ bụ ìgwè a ibu ụdị, nke a na-ejikọta ya na ije nke miri-ya n'oké osimiri sedimentary ihe onwunwe.

North American efere, Guiana na Ceará

North American Basin - nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu efere na akara enyemaka nke Atlantic Ocean n'ala. A nkenke nkọwa ya ga-anọgide na anyị akụkọ. Onye kasị ukwuu omimi nke efere bụ 7110 mita. Bermuda ala dị larịị na-emi odude fọrọ nke nta ke ufọt edere edere. Ọ na-pụta ìhè mgbawa ugwu massif Nkuku (ma na-akpọ angular n'ibuli) na Ugwu Kelvin. Wavy abyssal larịị gbatịrị si Bermuda a dị larịị nke dị n'ebe ndịda. Na mpụta nke efere na-ewepụghị abyssal mbara ọzara Nares, Hatteras na azụ okpo. North American Basin n'ókè site n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-na Blake-Bahama Ridge, nakwa dị ka mpụga Antilles aro. Ikpeazụ gbatịrị tinyere Puerto Rico trenchi. Ọ na-ekewa, na blocky riiji Barracuda, emi odude ya sequel, na Guiana efere si North American. Inflow terrigene sedimentary ihe onwunwe na-enye fọrọ nke nta ka eluigwe na ala mmepe nke ewepụghị abyssal mbara ọzara na-akpọ ndagwurugwu Demerara n'ime oghere Guiana. Guiana Basin nwere a kacha omimi nke 5109 mita ke edem edere-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, nke e ji tumadi ugwu ugwu. Obere-sized n'ibuli Ceará mgbagwoju anya site mmiri n'okpuru osimiri agbọpụta ọkụ, ọ na-iche na efere nke Ceará. Onye kasị ukwuu omimi bụ 4700 mita ikpeazụ. The ala nke efere na-ji site na ewepụghị larịị nke otu aha. Ọ ga-kwuru ọzọ 2 abyssal ndagwurugwu. Nke a bụ Wild, nke mbepụ omimi esịmde 250 mita (ejikọ Guiana na North American efere) na Pernambuco (ejikọ Brazil na Guiana Basin).

Brazil Basin

The kasị efere n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke oké osimiri - Brazil. N'ebe a, enyemaka nke Atlantic Ocean n'ala ukwuu n'ime ugwu ugwu. Na ndagwurugwu Pernambuco, a obere ebe nke efere, ọ bụ wavy. Ụgbọ agha okpuru mmiri agbọpụta ọkụ bụ plurality na Brazil efere. Ụfọdụ ịrị elu karịa elu oké osimiri, akpụ a mgbawa ugwu agwaetiti (Martin ị, Trinidad, Fernando de Noronha). Latitudinal zones kpatara ebe bụ isiokwu seamounts.

Brazil Basin na-kewapụrụ n'ebe ndịda ala dị larịị nke Rio Grande si Argentine. Nnọọ mgbagwoju anya teren nke ala dị larịị. Onye seamounts ebili n'elu ala dị larịị-dị ka na-ebupụta.

Eastern akụkụ nwere n'ụdị a riiji, a warara, ewepụghị-topped. Ọ erukwa na meridian direction. N'etiti continental oke nke South America na ala dị larịị na-agba Wim - abyssal ndagwurugwu nke mmiri na-aga na ala nke Argentina Brazil efere. A ịrịba òkè nke ala nke Argentine ewe undulating ndagwurugwu. Ewepụghị, warara abyssal larịị na-emi odude na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ihu efere na-emi odude ke akụkụ ebe ndịda nke kasị accumulative U-ọdịdị - a riiji Sapiola. Ya guzobere jikọtara eweta nefeloidov na ala ala sedimenti n'elu Antarctic. Na Argentine efere nke nnukwu seamounts bụ adịghị, Otú ọ dị, seismic now profaịlụ ibuga ozi na ọtụtụ ugwu, na ikwu elu esịmde 2-2.5 km, lie n'okpuru a oyi akwa nke sedimenti.

Yuzhnoantilsky elu aro - Ovodova mbuli-elu, emi odude n'ebe ndịda nke Argentine Basin. African-Antarctic Basin ụgha ndị dị n'ebe ndịda, n'etiti Antarctica na ufọt ufọt osimiri ridges. Notional ókè-ala n'etiti ndị Indian Ocean na Atlantic ebu site 20 Celsius na. d. Ịtụle nke a ịgba, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke efere na a ewepụghị abyssal larịị akpọ Weddell emi odude ke Atlantic Ocean. Relief abyssal ugwu nta na-ahụkarị nke ugwu nke efere.

Nke ahụ bụ na omimi nke Atlantic Ocean n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ya?

The enyemaka nke oké osimiri n'ala bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju na heterogeneous, esịnede ọtụtụ ọcha. Atlantic Ocean bu sokwa. Ya bed dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ e ji ọnụnọ nke mpụta ma ọ bụ Azores-Biscay riiji n'usoro Gorringe, ịzụ ndị Cape Verde Islands na Canary Islands, Plateau Sierra Leone, Guinea na whale riiji inwego. Ha na-eke dum ọwụwa anyanwụ nke oké osimiri na Western European (kacha omimi - 5023 mita), Canary (6549 mita), Iberian (5815 mita), Sierra Leone (6040 mita), Cape Verde (7282 mita), Angolan (6050 mita), Guinea (5215 mita) na Cape (5457 mita) efere. N'agbata Rockall, mmiri n'okpuru osimiri elu na Iceland-Faroe Western European fọrọ bụ oghere.

West European Basin

The ala nke efere - ukwuu n'ime ugwu ugwu abyssal Araba, naanị na ndị Bay of Biscay, nakwa dị ka nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ-nke ọ agbatị ewepụghị ndagwurugwu Bizkaia. Ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda ala nchawa nnukwu abyssal Dolinoy Mori, onye ogologo bụ banyere 3500 km. Ọ bụ morphologically yiri ndagwurugwu Hazen. The ndagwurugwu na-esonyere n'elu nnukwu accumulative akụ, na-eru a elu nke 50 mita. Abụọ nnukwu ìgwè forms eguzo na ugwu nke efere. Nke a 'sedimentary ridges "Feni na Gardar. Ha guzobere na-ejikọta ike nke si abanye Iceland-Faroe fọrọ sedimentary ihe onwunwe. Iberian oghere, obere na size, ọ na-arụrụ ọrụ na ewepụghị Central òkè nke abyssal ndagwurugwu. Na Biscay larịị ya ejikọ akpiri Tet.

N'ebe ndịda nke Iberian Basin

The enyemaka nke ala nke Atlantic Ocean n'ebe ndịda nke Iberian Basin bụ nnọọ cross. Ọ na-enwe mmetụta n'iru ebe a nke riiji Gorindzh, ngọngọ-mgbawa ugwu na ụgbọ agha okpuru mmiri ugwu nke otu aha, na-azụ Madeira na a ìgwè nke ọzọ seamounts. Isi atụmatụ enyemaka nke Atlantic seafloor na ebe-na-agụnye ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ ụgbọ okpuru mmiri agbọpụta ọkụ. Na Ọdịdị nke ala elu nke oghere Zelenomysskoy na ọtụtụ Canaria (kacha omimi nke 6549 mita) nwere ike kere atọ zones submeridional: n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, Oceanic jikọrọ ọnụ n'ime nke a na-kpuchie kpamkpam sloped larịị ụkwụ Afrika; nkezi abyssal mbara ọzara, ewepụghị na warara; Rolling n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Na ihe nke continental oke nke Africa na-mgbawa ugwu mbuli-elu nke Canary Islands (4 agbọpụta ọkụ - onye nke ha) na na Cape Verde Islands na ifịk ugwu mgbawa. All a na ndị ọzọ fraught na omimi nke Atlantic Ocean.

Dị nnọọ elu gbapụrụ ọsọ (7-7,3 km / s) nke seismic ebili mmiri dị iche eweli Sierra Leone. Nke a bụ n'ihi na iwebata n'ime jikọrọ ọnụ ultrabasic nkume nakwa na ike metamorphism nke nkume dị iche iche cortex. The ala nke ndị a efere dị ka Guinea na Sierra Leone, na-arụ ewepụghị na mbara ọzara, nke na-gburugburu abyssal ugwu nta nile. Onye kasị ukwuu omimi nke a Ikuku bụ karị 5212 na 6040 mita.

Cameroonian kpatara mpaghara

Wide Guinean elu erukwa na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke lava dị larịị, a buru ibu na-emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Mid-Atlantic Ridge, nso Saint Helena. Cameroonian kpatara mpaghara bụ nke kasị mara akụrụngwa nke a inwego. Ọ jikọtara mgbawa ugwu owuwu seamount Shirshov na Palanga isuo, Príncipe, São Tomé na Macias Nguema ,, Biyogo. Rift Valley ọzọ erukwa n'ime Afrika nke Africa. Cameroon, ifịk ugwu mgbawa, na ọtụtụ Central Sahrawi, otu nke e nwekwara omume na na-metụtara ya.

Angola Basin

Ala nke ụgha ndị dị n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda nke Guinea, azụ Angolan efere nwekwara egbochi n'ụzọ dị ukwuu mmasị ụgbọ oloko na ụkwụ nke Chile, gụnyere nke ukwu Congo irighiri cone, ihe mmiri n'okpuru osimiri kaniyon. Group seamount dị na ndịda n'akụkụ nke Angola Basin. Ndị a ugwu nwere a nkịtị isi. The kasị dị ịrịba ama nke ha - nke Vyurst (ya ikwu elu bụ ihe 4 km).

Walvis riiji

Walvis Ridge - a ugwu blocky Ọdịdị. Ọ mejupụtara atọ isi blocks, nke na-iche site saddles. Whale riiji Ji esisịt apical elu ma mkpọda ugwu. Ime Otu apical n'elu jikọọ a buru ibu (na ma eleghị anya na isi) kọlụm ogo na limescale ìgwè.

Cape Basin

Odude ndịda nke Walvis Ridge Cape Basin e ji eziokwu na ebe a na-mepụtara tumadi enyemaka abyssal ugwu nta nile. Ke adianade do, ogbu mmiri nke Atlantic Ocean inwe ebe a a otutu mgbawa ugwu ugwu. Ha na-lekwasị tumadi na ndịda nke efere. Ozi ugwu otu ekewapụ si Cape Agulhas Basin efere. Agulhas hụrụ tumadi dị ka akụkụ nke bed nke Indian Ocean. Ọ bụ morphologically yiri Cape Basin.

Ugbu a, ị maara ihe ụdị teren ala nke Atlantic Ocean nwere n'oge ahụ. Ọ na-nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ bụ ezie ịrịba mgbanwe na-ewere ọnọdụ dị nnọọ nwayọọ nwayọọ. Mgbe niile kọntinent na-adapụ na a ọsọ nke naanị banyere 1-2 cm kwa afọ. Ọzọ Filiks na-eme ka ya, na n'ihu nnọọ nwayọọ nwayọọ. Ya mere, isi atụmatụ enyemaka nke Atlantic Ocean n'ala-anọgide na-agbanweghi agbanwe.

Gịnị na-akọwa na atụmatụ nke enyemaka nke Atlantic Ocean?

Gịnị bụ ala nke efe ọ bụ ihe ọ bụ? Ka ihu ya. Atụmatụ nwere enyemaka nke oké osimiri n'ala, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ ugbu a ike ịkọwa kpọmkwem ihe mere. Karịsịa, Atlantic Ocean na-kweere na-akpụ dị ka a n'ihi nke esemokwu meghere na center nke riiji nke ebe Mid-Atlantic. All atụmatụ nke ihe owuwu ma na ọdịdị ala nke oké osimiri n'ala n'ihi na eziokwu na 4 isi efere (Antarctic, African, Yurop, na American) na-agbarịta ibe kpaliri.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-amụ Atlantic Ocean malitere n'oge ochie. Ka ọ dịgodị, ya omimi na-erubeghị ghọtara. Ọ bụ omume na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Atlantic Ocean ga-anọgide na-amụ ọhụrụ na-akpali akpali nchoputa.