The German dere Paul Hindemith: biography, ndụ, creativity na-akpali eziokwu

Paul Hindemith (Paul Hindemith) emeela aha nke onye nke kasị onyinye na nkà German egwú. Ọ brilliantly egwuri ọtụtụ ngwá egwú, duziri na ekewet ulo na symphonic music, dere, sị ọtụtụ choral ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na opera. Na Germany, ọ bụ ihe innovator, n'ihi na o kweere na music kwesịrị bụghị nanị na nkà apịaji ndetu nke olu ụtọ, ma na-a ụdị batrị na mgbe na-ege ntị nwere ike ịghọ a ụdị omume ike.

Mara n'ụwa nile nke music garde German

Ke akpa ọkara nke abụọ na narị afọ, Paul Hindemith (obere biography nke a ga-atụle n'isiokwu a) e weere avant-garde. Ọ kpamkpam hapụrụ ejiji n'oge na ụwa nke music dodecaphony. Ya music bụ n'adịghị ihe ọ bụla na mbụ e dere. Odious Goebbels kwetara ya otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama dere German, ma nke a na ude dịghị-afụ ụfụ na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Paul Hindemith na Nazi nkwata n'ọnụ. Nkà musician na andiwet a manyere ịhapụ obodo ya. N'ala ọzọ, o dere, ọtụtụ ọrụ na musical aesthetics na oge a na-akụ egwú na musicologists ka na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-eji na-arụ ọrụ na ọzụzụ. O dere music iwu site Nazi, ugbu a debara aha na udi nke oge a na ochie. Mgbe e mesịrị na isiokwu a anyị ga-atụle biography, creativity, Paul Hindemith na atụmatụ ọrụ e dere site na ya.

Brief ọmụma banyere ebe a mụrụ, ndị nne na nna na ndị ezinụlọ nke musician

Paul Hindemith, onye ọrụ na-mara n'ụwa nile, a mụrụ nso Frankfurt, na obere obodo nke Hanau onwem Main. Isi nke ezinụlọ a typical German omenkà - Carl Hindemith. Ke akpa ilekiri o nwere ka ọ, onye nwa okoro ahụ ike na-eketa ihe ịrịba talent na impeccable ntị maka music. Ma, ọ na-mara na nna-ya, Karl Hindemit, ịbụ a mere na-ese, na-enwe mmasị na na na tsintre na dị nnọọ a ọma musician-enwechaghị ahụmahụ. Dịcha, ihe ọ na-kụnyere n'ime nwa-ya a ịhụnanya maka art n'ozuzu, gụnyere music.

Musical talent na-azụ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu amamihe

nwa ahụ talent ya pụtara ìhè n'oge. Kemgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ na-amụ na oké mmasị na mụtara na-egwu rụọ, piano, violin na Viola. Musical ọ kụziiri ya na Frankfurt am Main, banyere egwú. E nwere, Pọl mụtara na-egwu violin ma na-amụ na-eduzi tracks.

The ọnwụ nke nna ya na n'ihu na na-eje ozi ndị agha Paul

Na 1915, Karl - nna Paul - anwụ n'ọgbọ agha. Germany na-agụnye Agha Ụwa Mbụ, na ọnọdụ ego nke ọtụtụ German ezinụlọ bụ ogbenye. dere na musician ezinụlọ bụ sokwa. Nne Mary fọdụrụ a di ya nwụrụ na ụmụ ya atọ, na Pọl nọ na-achọ ọrụ na ezigbo ụgwọ, n'ụzọ ụfọdụ nyere ya aka. N'oge a, ọ bụ kechioma na-a ọrụ enye concertmaster nke Frankfurt Opera. Eduzi ìgwè ndị egwú e Ludwig Rottenberg. -Akpali bụ eziokwu na nwa-ya nwayi mesịrị lụọ Paul Hindemith.

Accompanist na opera ụlọ o jisiri na-arụ ọrụ ruo 1917. Nke a na-agbaso site conscription. E nwere ihe a na nkà nwa okorobịa, nke N'ezie, akwụsịghị kere ihe. Ọ na-kwetara na ndị agha gbalaga dị ka a oku igba, na-aghọ onye so a eriri quartet. Na 1918, ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke mbụ violin quartet. Mgbe-emecha ọrụ agha, Paul na-alaghachikwuru Frankfurt Opera House, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ruo mgbe 1923 accompanist.

Mbata nke a quartet Lykke Amara

Ná mmalite 20-ies na music obodo Germany, Paul Hindemith ama a maara dị ka a nkà dere, violin na violist. Arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ Frankfurt Opera, na ọ rụrụ bụghị nanị ọrụ onye accompanist. Ke ukem, nke musician egwuri ọrụ nke abụọ omume ugha ka otu A. Rebnera. Mgbe alọta agha, Hindemith kpebiri na-egwu na nke a otu, Viola.

N'ime oge ahụ, egwú na-amasị ya abara Rebnera Paul atụle kwa mgbanwe. Ya mere, ọ gbanwere otu na ghọrọ akụkụ nke ọzọ quartet - edu ma ama violin Lykke Amara. The otu na kere ruo 1929, na, obi abụọ adịghị, bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma ọ bụghị nanị na n'ụlọ, ma na-anya ya ala. Emezu ya ọrụ Viola, Paul ohere ịgagharị a ọtụtụ na-ahụ a otutu mba Europe.

Ngwa mmepe nke a ịga nke ọma ọrụ

Paul Hindemith - onye dere, onye na-arụ ọrụ ọha na eze nụrụ na 1922, n'obodo Salzburg, n'oge World Music Days. Ịga nke ọma nke songs e dere site ya doro anya, ọ bụ ezie na emewo ka a ọtụtụ ụka. Na 1923, a họpụtara ya na nhazi nke Ememe Contemporary Music, nke weere ọnọdụ na a obodo a na-akpọ Donaueschingen. Paul kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi ka ha mmasị otutu ntụziaka na music, ma na-akwalite na ememme ọrụ nke avant-garde-arọ. Alto olu n'oge concerts na ọ rụrụ onwe ya.

Na 1927, Hindemith nyere a ozizi mejupụtara na Berlin Hochschule für Musik, na ọ naara ya. The esote afọ ole na ole ndị dị nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma ya ọrụ. E wezụga izi ihe, Paul na-na-arụsi a solo ọrụ ma gagharịa ka a violist. Ya concerts na a runaway unen ke US, ọ na-enye arụmọrụ n'ọtụtụ mba, gụnyere Egypt na Turkey.

Symbol nke mgbagwoju mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọchịchị ndị Nazi na ihe ndị mmadụ na Germany

Ke 30 bịara ike Nazi, mmekọrịta onye ya na ndị na-akụ egwú na andiwet kwukwara ike. Otu ihe mere na-aghọ nwunye Paul - Gertrude Rotenberg, nke o na 1924 banyere n'ime a iwu alụmdi na nwunye. The eziokwu na, dị ka okpukpe iwu, ọ na-adịghị na-ewere a Jew, ndị Nazi enweghị pụrụ iche. Nna-musician Ludwig Rothenberg bụ onye Juu, nakwa na zuru ezu. Dị ka ọtụtụ ihe ndị mmadụ, Paul Hindemith (onye biography anyị hụrụ) weere onwe ya kpamkpam apolitical onye. Ọ n'ihu ọha na-ekwu na ha bụ ndị Juu ibe,-arọ na egwú, na-eme no na mba mgbakwasị. N'ezie, Nazi Party mere na-amasị ya, ma ná mmalite 30-ies nke mkparịta ụka na ndị Juu na-ezughị iji gbochie ihe e kere eke nke egwú. Ọ bụ ya mere nwayọọ nwayọọ wee malite ịpụta a na-azọrọ na nke a na-arụ ọrụ.

Nazi àgwà ndị ọrụ nke Paul ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na ambiguous. Na mbụ ya ọbụna otuto. Na 1934, Goebbels idemesie okot Hindemith si otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa na nkà German dịkọrọ ndụ-arọ. Ụfọdụ oge ọbụna Pọl n'okpuru a ụdị Nazi patronage. Ya nile mmasị n'ezie ụfọdụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke German ọchịchị. Ọzọkwa kere òkè bụ isi na mba aha nke a dere na musician na-ekweghị ka ndị Nazi tufuo ya.

Hindemith ọkwá bụ n'ezie siri ike, maka nchekwa ihe, o gosiri na ndị ọchịchị ya njikere imebi. Na a obere oge, Paul amalite na-egosi na ọhụrụ ikwọ nke ya German affiliation na worldview. Ọhụrụ ọrụ ọ na-ege ukwuu anya German akụkọ ifo, dere, sị instrumental ọrụ a ụdị coherent ma doo anya na n'ụzọ (ahụkarị German ngagharị mgbasa). N'ihi na a mgbe o biri ndụ na mba dịtụ jụụ, ma ndị enyi nke ndị Juu na ndị uche nke Hindemith na bu ndị mmadụ kwesịrị kpamkpam free na onwe ha, ha apụghị ịrịọ ndị ideologues nke atọ Reich.

Open see na ndị nnọchiteanya nke na-German ọchịchị

Paul Hindemith, egwú ọrụ nke na-enwe mmasị n'ebe ndị nọ n'ọtụtụ mba, n'ụlọ dara n'ime ihe na-emeghe ihere. Apogee nzuzo esemokwu na-aga na na 1934. Goering eze machibidoro na-akwadebe maka premiere nke Hindemith si opera na-akpọ "Mathis der Maler". Na otu nke ya okwu, J. Gebels dere aha-akpọ "atonal Foley, ụda na-emeputa". Nazi na-akatọ na-akpọ ọrụ ya "mebiri emebi nka." N'okpuru omume siri ike mgbali Hindemith akwụsị ịrụ ọrụ na Berlin akwụkwọ, na-ewere oge maka ihe ebighị ebi oge.

Mbula na laghachi Turkey "na ọrụ" nke Hitler

Na oge a tara akpụ, Paul natara na-enye site Mustafa Ataturk - Turkish ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme mgbanwe - gaa Ankara na aka na-emepe emepe a atụmatụ maka reorganization nke egwú mmụta na Turkey. Hindemith na di na nwunye na-ekweta na ha amaghị na nwa oge na-ahapụ Germany. Pọl mere na ya ozi, si otú na-eme a oké onyinye e kere eke nke a eluigwe na ala na ihe omume nke music mmụta, nke e ji mee ihe niile Turkish music akụziri. Ọ na-etinye mgbalị dị ukwuu ka ndị mbụ music egwú e mepere Ankara. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị Turkish dere na musician ụtọ oké nkwanye ùgwù, n'adịghị ọtụtụ kwabatara onye gbapụrụ Germany n'oge ahụ, ya na nwunye ya, ha adịghị anya kpebiri ịlaghachi ụlọ.

Mgbe ha laghachiri Paul ọzọ ga-eme ka a otutu uf od na German ọchịchị. Na 1936, ọ ṅụrụ iyi ịkwado Hitler. Dere composes a ukwe kpara Luftwaffe, ọrụ ya na-eju "German" motifs amalite rụrụ ke egwu Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze na niile Germany. Ma nke a "udo" na ndị Nazi adịteghị. Na Germany amalite ihe na-emeghe mgba megide dịkọrọ ndụ music ekwekọghị. Ndị Germany na-akpọ ha "mebiri emebi." Paul na-arụ ọrụ (ma e wezụga n'ihi a ole na ole) ọdịda n'okpuru a definition na, n'ikpeazụ, ha ikpeazụ arụmọrụ nke ban amanye na Germany.

Ke adianade do, obodo sikwuo mgbochi Juu jikoro. Hindemith amalite kpọrọ egwu maka nchekwa nke ya na nwunye ya, nke oge egwu na ime ihe ike nkịtị. N'ịmata na ọrụ ya nwere dịghị ebe ke Germany, dere, violin na violist Hindemit Paul na-eme ka mkpebi ikpeazụ ịhapụ mba.

Mbula na nloghachi si Germany na agha oge

Na 1938, Paul kwagara Switzerland, na 2 afọ mgbe e mesịrị kwaga ya na nwunye ya na United States. Na America, a kpọrọ ya na ihe nkuzi na prestigious mahadum dị ka Yale na Harvard. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na Hindemith nwere ike ebubo gara aga mgbalị na imekọ ihe ọnụ na ndị Nazi na America na ọrụ ya rụrụ ma a runaway ịga nke ọma. Ọ na-akpọ ke ererimbot ma e wezụga n'ihi na German music nke oge n'ihi na ọ bụ free nke ọchịchị Nazi. Ọ bụ oge nke obi na United States na dara na elu nke ya ọrụ. Na 1946, o nwetara US nwa amaala, ma afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị, na 1953, kwaga Zurich. N'ebe ahụ, ọ na-eduga a okwu ihu ọha na a local mahadum ma na-eduzi ìgwè ndị egwú, na-arụ ọrụ ya.

M kwuru goodbye na ndụ na a onye nke amamihe bụ ka n'ụlọ Germany. Ọ laghachiri Frankfurt, ebe ọ nọ nwụọ na 1963 site na onye agha nke pancreatitis.

Enweghị Atụ musical nketa Hindemith

Paul Hindemith ghọtara ikikere music theorist, musician, onye nkụzi, na-eduzi ya. Nwoke a hapụrụ a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ dị iche iche egwú Genres, o dere a ọtụtụ ọrụ maka ìgwè ndị egwú, ide-ulo music ihe dị iche iche ngwá, na-arụ ọrụ maka balet, ukwe na, n'ezie, n'ihi na opera.

Opera - a ịrịba akụkụ nke ndụ na-arụ ọrụ nke Paul Hindemith

A nnukwu akụkụ nke ketara na Pọl hapụrụ ka ụmụ ha mee nke opera. The na-akatọ na musicologists kwere na ọ bụ na ha n'ụzọ doro anya kwuru na-ele ihe anya dere na musician, nghọta na nkewa nke dịkọrọ ndụ eziokwu na nke omume na usoro ziri ezi na ọnọdụ, ndị a so dee. Ọ bụ ihe na opera Paul Hindemith arụ ọrụ ruo mgbe ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya. The German dere dere music n'ihi na ọtụtụ ihe ịga nke ọma na a maara nke ọma n'ụwa nile usoro ihe nkiri, otu nke:

• "Mathis der Maler".
• "Harmony nke World."
• "NLSH-Nushi".
• "The egbu - inyom enwe olileanya."
• "Cardillac".
• "Daily News".
• "The Long Christmas Nri abalị".
• "Saint Susanna."