The mbụ na nke abụọ iwu nke Faraday

The electrolyte mgbe niile nwere otu ego nke ion na ihe ịrịba ama "plus" na "mwepu", na-akwadebe site omume na ụmụ irighiri nke etisasịwo bekee na mgbaze. Mgbe ọ pụtara na ihe electric ubi, ion amalite ime ka electrodes, mma ngwa ngwa n'ebe cathode, na-ezighị ezi - na anode. Mgbe na-eru electrodes, na ion enye ha ebubo ha na-converted n'ime anọpụ iche atọm na-edebe na electrodes. The ọzọ kwesịrị ekwesị ion na electrodes, nke ukwuu ga-yigharịrị maka bekee.

Nke a bụ ọgwụgwụ anyị nwere ike ịbịa na empirically. Agafe a ugbu a site na okenye ihe ngwọta nke ọla kọpa sulfate , na ga-edebe ntọhapụ nke ọla kọpa na carbon cathode. Anyị na-ahụ na ọ na-mbu kpuchie a oyi akwa nke ọla kọpa sonso kwesiri ngosi, mgbe ahụ, dị ka nke ugbu a bandwit ga-amụba ya, na site na ruo ogologo oge Itie ugbu a dị na- carbon electrode bukwanu ọkpụrụkpụ oyi akwa nke ọla kọpa, nke na-adị mfe solder, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ọla kọpa waya.

Onu nke iche ihe onwunwe na electrodes mgbe ugbu a agafe site electrolyte a na-akpọ electrolysis.

Agafe dị iche iche dị iche iche electrolysis okwukwo ma jiri nlezianya na atụ uka nke a umi wepụtara n'ebe electrodes nke ọ bụla nke electrolyte, na English physics Faraday na 1833 - 1834 afọ. M meghere abụọ Iwu maka electrolysis.

The mbụ Faraday iwu akọwaputa a mmekọrịta dị n'etiti uka nke a umi tọhapụ electrolysis na ihe-ndebe uru na gabigaworo electrolyte.

Nke a iwu na-chepụtara dị ka ndị a: uka nke a umi e wepụtara n'oge electrolysis, na onye ọ bụla electrode bụ ihe ra nrata nye ego nke ụgwọ nke gabigaworo electrolyte:

m = kq,

ebe m - uka nke ihe onwunwe nke e dịpụrụ adịpụ, q - ụgwọ.

The uru k - elektrohimicheskimy Ẹkot umi. Ọ na-ahụkarị nke ọ bụla umi wepụtara n'oge electrolyte.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-usoro q = 1 pendant, mgbe ahụ, k = m, ie electrochemical Ẹkot nke umi na-numerically hà arọ nke umi họrọ si electrolyte site agafe a ụgwọ n'otu pendant.

Na-ekwupụta na usoro site na ihe-ndebe ugbu a na m na oge t, anyị nweta:

m = gaa.

The mbụ iwu nke Faraday enyocha na ahụmahụ dị ka ndị a. Agafe a ugbu a site na electrolytes A, B na C. Ọ bụrụ na ha yiri, mgbe uka nke ahọrọ umi ke A, B na C ga-emeso dị ka ahụ esiri m, I1, I2. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bekee họrọ na A, bụ hà nchikota nke mpịakọta ekenyela B na C, ebe ọ bụ na nke ugbu a na m = I1 + I2.

The abụọ Faraday iwu akọwaputa na nduzi nke electrochemical Ẹkot atọm arọ na valence umi na chepụtara dị ka ndị a: electrochemical Ẹkot nke umi ga-ra nrata ka ha atọm arọ, na inversely proportional ya valency.

The ruru nke atọm ibu nke umi ya valence akpọ chemical Ẹkot umi. Abanye a bara uru, nke abụọ Faraday iwu nwere ike chepụtara dị iche iche: ndị electrochemical Ẹkot nke umi bụ proportional onwe ha chemical kachasị yitebe.

Ka Electrochemical kachasị yitebe nke dị iche iche bekee bụ karị K1 na k2, k3, ..., kn, chemical otu kachasị yitebe nke otu bekee x1 na X2, x23, ..., xn, mgbe ahụ, K1 / k2 = x1 / X2, ma ọ bụ K1 / x1 = k2 / X2 = k3 / X3 = ... = kn / xn.

Ndị ọzọ okwu, ruru nke electrochemical Ẹkot nke umi ego nke otu umi bụ a mgbe nile niile bekee na-enwe otu uru:

k / x = c.

Oputara na ruru nke k / x bụ mgbe niile maka ihe niile bekee:

k / x = c = 0, 01036 (meq) / k.

The uru na-egosi na otú ọtụtụ milligram kachasị yitebe bekee na electrodes a tọhapụrụ n'oge Itie site electrolyte nke electric ụgwọ, hà 1 coulomb. The abụọ iwu nke Faraday anọchi anya nke usoro:

k = cx.

N'ọnọdụ a okwu maka k ke akpa iwu nke Faraday, abụọ nwere ike ikpokọta n'ime otu okwu:

m = kq = cxq = cxIt,

ebe c - eluigwe na ala mgbe nile nke 0 00001036 (Eq) / k.

Nke a usoro na-egosi na site na-agafe otu ugbu a n'ihi na n'otu oge nke oge na abụọ dị iche iche electrolyte, anyị ikewapụ ma nke ukwu nke bekee electrolytes metụtara dị ka chemical kachasị yitebe-ya nile.

Ebe ọ bụ na x = A / n, mgbe ahụ, anyị nwere ike ide:

m = ca / nIt,

i.e., uka nke a umi họrọ na electrodes n'oge electrolysis na-ra nrata ka ya atọm ibu, ugbu a, oge, na inversely proportional na valency.

The abụọ iwu nke Faraday ka electrolysis, nakwa dị ka ndị mbụ ahụ, ndị a kpọmkwem site ọdịdị nke ion ugbu a na ihe ngwọta.

Faraday iwu, Lenz, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama na physics egwuri a nnukwu ọrụ ke akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmepe nke physics.