The ncheta Kolchak na Irkutsk (foto)

N'afọ 2004, na Russia na Irkutsk e arụnyere a ncheta Kolchak. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị na-ese okwu na controversial ọgụgụ na Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme ebe ọ bụ na Civil War. Na otu aka, ama ochiagha na nchoputa nke oké osimiri omimi, na ndị ọzọ - otu n'ime ndị ndú nke White ije, ka eze na-ewere a agha ekperima. Esemokwu banyere ndaba nke echichi nke ncheta ka na-aga n'ihu n'oge a.

Irkutsk nweela

The ncheta Kolchak pụtara na Irkutsk na 130 nke ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke Russian naval ọchịagha. A na nwa afọ nke St. Petersburg, na njem nke ndụ , Admiral Kolchak gụsịrị Irkutsk.

Na 1920, Kolchak, ọnụ na onyeisi oche nke Russian Government Council nke Ozi Viktor Pepelyaev otop. The ikpe e rụrụ nke ikpe. Kpara iwu e banyere site na Irkutsk Military Revolutinary Committee nke Bolsheviks. Dị ka ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na Irkutsk Bolsheviks rụrụ a kpọmkwem ka nke Lenin.

Ncheta otu n'ime ndị ndú nke White ije mere nke akpuru akpu ọla kọpa, elu Kolchak oyiyi bụ 4.5 mita. Ke ukot bụ a ihe elu. On ya oyiyi nke ndị agha abụọ bụ ndị gafere ha ogwe aka. Otu n'ime ha bụ a White Nche, ndị ọzọ na - na Red Army.

Taa obodo ahụ bụ a ncheta Kolchak jiri nke a anya si dum Russia.

ebe ncheta

Esemokwu ma wụnye ncheta, dị nnọọ ogologo oge. Ha ghọrọ ndị center nke Irkutsk. The ncheta Kolchak (adreesị nke ya na ọnọdụ: Angarsk n'okporo ámá, Right Bank district) na-enịm ke nnọọ ebe, dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme, ozi, na ẹkenịmde égbè. Ushakovka osimiri na-aga dị nso. Ọ bụ na mmiri ya, na ahụ a tụbara na-acha ọcha ochiagha.

Ọ bụghị nnọọ site ncheta guzo Ịrịba Ama Church. Na mbụ, ọ bụ a nọn ahụ, otu n'ime ndị mbụ na dum nke Siberia.

N'ụbọchị ukara na mmeghe nke ncheta n'elu osimiri ekwe olili ozu wreath na ebe nchekwa nke naval ọchịagha.

ọkpụ Fangs

The ncheta Kolchak - ọrụ nke Russian ọkpụ Vyacheslav Klykova. A afọ Kursk mpaghara, bụ onye so na Union of Artists kemgbe 1969. Ọ gosipụtawo ọrụ ya na ndị Russian Museum na State Tretyakov Gallery.

Ya kasị ama ọrụ - a ọkpụkpụ nke Mercury nso World Trade Center na Moscow, guzosie ike na 1982, na ndebanye nke isi obodo Ụmụaka Musical Ụlọ ihe nkiri.

N'oge perestroika bịara nwee mmasị na isiokwu nke Orthodox na ịhụ mba n'anya echiche ahụ. O kere ihe ncheta nke ama ama St. Sergius nke Radonezh. Na ncheta siiri akara aka. Wụnye ya gbalịrị na 1987, ma mgbe ahụ, na ncheta e jidere na iwere n'okpuru uwe ojii iduga si obodo nke obodo, nke dị n'okpuru Atọ n'Ime Otu-Sergius Lavra, na ebe o biri ndụ, St. Sergius.

Oghere jisiri ndokwa naanị a afọ mgbe e mesịrị, May 29, 1988. Kolchak ncheta bụ otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ ọrụ nke Vyacheslav Klykova. Ọ nwụrụ na afọ 66 na 2006.

Kolchak tupu Civil War

Olee arụmụka na-edu na-akwado echiche na-emegide nke ncheta Admiral Kolchak na Irkutsk bụ? All esemokwu na-esite na ya biography.

Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak A mụrụ St. Petersburg, November 4, 1874, n'oge ọchịchị nke Alexander II. Deep nkụzi okpukpe natara site nne ya, bụ ndị na-were ụmụaka chọọchị. Rod si butere n'aka ama serviceman.

Ọ na-amụ na oge gboo akwụkwọ, na mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, ọ banyere Marine Corps. Ọ bụ ebe a ka na-echeta na ya dịkọrọ ndụ, ọ mepụtara mmasị mmụta na a echiche nke ibu ọrụ.

Na 1890, mbụ gara oké osimiri na armored frigeeti "Prince Pozharsky." Na 18 afọ, ọ na-akwalite sagenti. Ihe gbanwere ná ndụ ya bụ n'afọ 1894. Firstly, mgbe ogologo ọrịa, ọ nwụrụ nne Alexander Vasilyevich. Nke abuo, na Russia na ọ na-abịa na ike, Nicholas II. The eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke Russia. Ọ bụ ida nke Romanov usoro ndị eze, ma kpebisie ike n'ihu akara aka nke Kolchak.

Kolchak ọkà mmụta sayensị

Na-akwado nke ncheta Admiral Kolchak na-ekwu banyere ya rụzuru na nkà mmụta sayensị na ubi. N'afọ 1897, ọ malitere kụziere nchọpụta na-arụ ọrụ nke a gara ugbo agha, nke na-aga na Korean n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Gensan. E Kolchak eduzi hydrological ọmụmụ.

Ná mmalite nke XX narị afọ Kolchak - onye nke founders nke Russian pola njem. O kwuru gaa Norway maka consultations na Nansen. July 18, 1900 njem ụgbọ mmiri.

Ha jisiri ike na Gulf of Gafner. Ebe a na ha ekpe nkwakọba nke ndokwa ka esote spring ịkwaga miri n'ime dịịrị banye na mmiri. Ọ laghachiri n'ala Kolchak ọkọnọ a ndekọ zuru ezu, ya ekele na mbara igwe kwuru nwere ike ime ka ịrịba mmelite map, nke dabeere na ihe ya njem bụ Nansen.

Na ọzọ njem ke ini utọ 1901, anyị gara ugbua na sled. Ekenịmde oceanographic nnyocha, tụọ ịdị omimi, na-amụ ala nke ice floes, Kolchak ka ewepụtara oge dị ukwuu na-kwuru nke terrestrial ndọta.

Njem ndú Baron Toll ja onye onyinye nke Kolchak, iji okwu dị ka "ihe kasị mma uweojii nke gara." N'ihi ya ụzọ nke Kolchak aha nadigh anwu anwu - a na-akpọ agwaetiti na a akwa na Taimyr Gulf.

Russian pola njem biri naanị na 1903. Kolchak na otu laghachiri St. Petersburg.

Russian-Japanese agha

The ozi ọma nke mmalite nke Russian-Japanese Agha na 1904 hụrụ Kolchak na Yakutsk. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ekele ya ọrụ na esemokwu, otú ahụ ka m na-eche na kwesịrị a ncheta Kolchak na Irkutsk. Photos of a ncheta na-chọrọ ka icho mma tomes banyere obodo.

Kolchak jụrụ ozugbo maka a nyefe na Navy Department, na-adịghị ekpe egbu na nkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ. Na Port Arthur, o rutere March 18, site na oge agha bụ otu na ọkara ọnwa.

N'oge na-adịghị, Alexander mere nyefe na minelayer "Cupid." A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye-isi nke mbibi "Angry". Na-eto eto mara ọkụ n'obi na-alụ ọgụ, kama "ihe ọma" na-ezo aka nke abụọ detachment nke nāpunara na ama abuana ke kpọpụtasịrị mmiri na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri n'ọnụ ụzọ nchebe. N'agbanyeghị nke a, Kolchak a n'ụzọ zuru ezu nye eme ọrụ, nke a na-hụrụ n'anya nke ukwuu, na emewo ka ọtụtụ uru na ihe na-akpatakarị nke agbachitere Port Arthur.

Na okpomọkụ agha

The mbụ isi ọrụ Kolchak gara May 1st. Minelayer "Cupid" n'oge a na a ole na ole na iri na abuo nkeji on board ruru Gold Mountain, nke na-emi odude nso Japanese ụgbọ mmiri. Ma hazie a liri ogbunigwe nke iri ise shells.

N'oge a, "iwe", n'okpuru iwu nke Kolchak, tinyere ọzọ mbibi gara n'ihu, na-ekpocha ụzọ. N'ihi ya, mma-spaced mines ghasara ozugbo abụọ Japanese agha - "Jasim" na "Hatsuse". Nke a nke ọma na-otu n'ime ndị kasị ama maka ha Pacific mkpọsa na agha.

N'agbanyeghị na-eme na-arụ ọrụ, e nwere ebe a maka heroism Kolchak. Kwa ụbọchị, ọ gara n'ime wakporo, firing na ndị iro na ịtụkwasị ọganihu. N'abalị nke August 24, Alexander họọrọ a ebe ka ndị nkeji, ma ọ nọ na e gbochiri Japanese ụgbọ mmiri. Nọgidesie ike, Kolchak bụ azụ e na-esote ụbọchị ma tọrọ 16 min. Ha aghọọla egbu na ugbo agha "Takasago", nke osụhọde, steepụ na ha na 30 October. Nke a nke ọma na-ghọtara dị ka nke abụọ kasị mkpa na Russian-Japanese agha.

Ọ bụ ọganihu ndị a na-kpaliri ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado na iji guzobe a ncheta Kolchak na Irkutsk (foto adade ke ibuotikọ).

Otú ọ dị, site na oge Kolchak ama hapụrụ ụgbọ mmiri, ọ jụrụ n'ihi na ala agha. Mgbe niile, n'ala mkpughe isi ihe, ọ na-achọ n'etiti.

Ọ malitere na a batrị nke egbe iwu ọnọdụ ke Rocky Mountain mpaghara. Ruo mgbe ọ chịlie aka elu nke Port Arthur Kolchak duru ogbunigwe ọkụ na Japanese, ka ichughachiazu ọgụ nke bipu. N'otu oge m gbalịrị systematize ahụmahụ a, na-egosi onwe ya dị ka a ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ya E nyeere ka generalize ihe ọmụma onye agha na mbụ na klas strategist.

Obere oge tupu ndị chịliri aka elu nke Port Arthur Kolchak merụrụ ahụ, nke aggravated ya rheumatism. Na December, ọ nọ n'ụlọ ọgwụ, na na April, ọ na-kpọpụrụ na Nagasaki. The merụọ Russian ọrụ a na-ekwe ka ha laghachi Russia. Kolchak rutere St. Petersburg na June 1905.

ị maliteghachi nsoro

Mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke Russian-Japanese Agha Kolchak nnọọ iwe site meriri nke Russian Navy. Ekenịmde a ọma ọrụ na chinchi. N'ihi ya, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị isi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ya re-e kere eke, oru na nzukọ modernization.

O duuru naval club, na onye ụzọ 1906 pụtara Naval General Staff. Ya ozi, akpan akpan, gụnyere nkwadebe agha atụmatụ.

Ekele Kolchak na Russia a kagbuo mmiri onuogugu - usoro na-nnọọ mgbagwoju anya site na-eto eto na ndị ọrụ nche nkwalite.

Alexander ghọrọ otu ọkachamara ọrụ maka agbachitere State Duma. Na 1907, kwuru okwu "Gịnị nsoro Russia mkpa" dabere na ya nnyocha, tinyere n'oge Russian-Japanese agha. N'ikpeazụ, a na-arụ ọrụ na-isi na Russian shipbuilding ụlọ ọrụ ruo mgbe mmalite nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Na 1908 ọ nọ na-akwalite isi usu-ndi-esote ya n'ọkwá.

Ọ bụ ya mere ọtụtụ ndị kweere na Kolchak ncheta, nke a na-mma na a foto akwụkwọ nta nke Irkutsk nwere ikike adị.

The First World

Kolchak gosiri na ya n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Ọ bụ onye òtù nke ụlọ ọrụ nke Baltic Fleet, mepụtara Ngwuputa atụmatụ na ọ mgbe niile chọrọ na-akụkụ na agha.

Na 1915, ọ malitere ọchịagha nke Baltic Fleet m nkewa, azụlitewo a ọdịda ọrụ na German n'azụ. Agha, ọ na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu kpughere dị ka a na-egwuputa na a naval ọchịagha. Na 1916 ọ nọ na-akwalite n'azụ ochiagha. Na 1917, o weere iwu nke Black Sea Fleet. N'oge ahụ ọ isua 41.

Historians-eme atụmatụ na Black Sea Fleet n'oge Kolchak Command nke nwetara ihe ịga nke ọma. E bibiri ọtụtụ ọgụ nkeji nke onye iro, ọ dara iji gbochie agha na Russian n'ụsọ oké osimiri.

N'oge mgbanwe

Ọnọdụ njọ budata na 1917. The Navy nweta ume mgbochi agha mmetụta, Kolchak bịara n'ime oghe esemokwu na-elebara Government. Ọ bịara n'okpuru nchoputa maka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ihe mere, na a manyere ịhapụ ndị post of ọchịagha na-isi.

N'otu nzukọ nke elebara Government na Petrograd, Kolchak ebubo-edu ndú nke na-ama ụma ida ndị agha na agha mmiri. Na ugbua na na oge ọ na-e weere dị ka otu n'ime oghere mmeri maka ndị ọchịchị aka ike. The ebumnuche nke Bolsheviks ikwubi udo na Germany chọpụtara mgbe ọ nọ na Japan. Mgbe a na ozi ọma chigharịkwuuru UK na-ewere ya ka ndị agha.

Nke a n'aka ukwuu ama esịn n'anya ụmụ na ikike nke akwụ Kolchak Aleksandr Vasilevich. Ncheta wuru na ya, ya mere ka na amenable ọgụ emegide.

agha obodo

Mgbe n'isonyere White Volunteer Army, Kolchak a họpụtara akakan achị Russia. N'oge ahụ ọ bụ ihe ndị kasị ama ọgụgụ na Siberia. Ọ e kenyere isi olileanya na see na Bolsheviks.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1919, o kere a ike agha banyere 400,000 ndị mmadụ. E mere nke a na-enyemaka nke United States na Entente, nakwa dị ka n'iji ọlaedo mee nke Russia. Na mbụ niile gara nke ọma, site April nọ Ural. Ma mgbe ahụ, soro a usoro nke mmeri e meriri.

Na November, nrụgide sitere n'aka ndị Red Army, Admiral a manyere ịhapụ Omsk. Na January 1920 ọ nọ na Irkutsk na-aka nke ndị Bolsheviks. Ncheta Kolchak na Russia na-erubeghị setịpụrụ. The ncheta ke Irkutsk naanị. Naanị na 2014, a kọrọ, atụmatụ dịgide ebe nchekwa nke Admiral na Sevastopol. Ma, ọ e butere site Russian monarchist party nke na-enweghị ezigbo ike ọchịchị.