Lessons si akụkọ ihe mere eme: ndị ndú nke White ije

Na agha obodo megide Bolsheviks ndị a dịgasị iche iche nke ndị agha. Ọ bụ Cossacks, mba, democrats, monarchists. All nke ha n'agbanyeghị na ha dị iche iche, bụ White ikpe. Meriri, ndị ndú nke mgbochi Soviet agha ma nwụrụ anwụ ma ọ bụ nwere ike iga njem.

Alexander Kolchak

Mgbe iguzogide Bolsheviks adaghị n'ụzọ zuru ezu cohesive, ya bụ Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak (1874-1920) a na-ewere site na ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme isi ọgụgụ nke White ije. Ọ bụ a ọkachamara agha na jere ozi n'Òtù Ndị Agha Mmiri. Na peacetime, Kolchak ghọrọ ama dị ka a pola nchoputa na ọkà mmụta sayensị-oceanographer.

Dị ka ndị ọzọ ọkachamara agha, Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak bụ a ọgaranya enweta n'oge Japanese mgbasa ozi na mbụ World War. Na biakwa obibia nke elebara Government, ọ nkenke kwagara USA. Mgbe ozi ọma si n'ala nna nke Bolshevik mgbanwe, Kolchak laghachi Russia.

Admiral rutere Siberia Omsk, ebe SR ọchịchị emewo ka agha na-eje ozi. Na 1918, ndị ọrụ nche mere a kuu na aha ya bụ Kolchak akakan achị Russia. Ndị ndú ndị ọzọ nke White ije ama nwere ọtụtụ ndị agha a dị ka Alexander (na-onwunwe-ya bụ 150,000th agha).

Na ókèala achịkwa Kolchak weghachiri iwu nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Akpụ akpụ site na Siberia n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, Kasị Elu Gọvanọ nke Russia agha merela agadi na Volga. Na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ịga nke ọma ya eruwo na-acha ọcha Kazan. Kolchak gbalịrị akwọrọ dị ukwuu dị ka o kwere omume agha Bolsheviks, Denikin ikpochapụ n'ụzọ Moscow.

Na nkera nke abụọ nke 1919, Red Army wakporo. White gbaghachi azụ bamikwuo Siberia. Foreign allies (Czechoslovak ụlọ) nyere n'elu a ụgbọ okporo ígwè, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Kolchak SRs. Admiral shot na Irkutsk na February 1920.

Anton Denikin

Ọ bụrụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Russia mere na White Army Kolchak dị mgbe ahụ na n'ebe ndịda nke a isi agha ndú ruo ogologo oge bụ Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872-1947). A mụrụ ya na Poland, o wee na-amụ na isi obodo na ghọrọ a mkpara mara.

Denikin na mgbe na-eje ozi na ókè-ala na Austria. First World War ọ nọrọ agha Brusilov, sonye ama breakout na arụmọrụ ke Galicia. The obere ọchịchị nkenke mere Anton Ivanovich ọchịagha nke Southwestern Front. Denikin akwado Kornilov nnupụisi. Mgbe ọdịda nke kuu, Lieutenant-General e nkenke mkpọrọ (Bykhov oche).

Atọhapụ na November 1917, ọ malitere akwado Denikin White okwu. Ọnụ na ọchịagha Kornilov na Alexeyev o kere (na mgbe otu-handedly ada) Volunteer Army, nke ghọrọ idé nke iguzogide Bolsheviks na Ndida nke Russia. Ọ bụ nzọ Denikin na Entente ike, kwuru agha na Soviet ọchịchị mgbe iche iche n'udo Germany.

Ụfọdụ oge Denikin adabaghị na Don Ataman Petrom Krasnovym. Nrụgide sitere n'aka ndị òtù rubere isi Anton Ivanovich. Na January 1919, Denikin ghọrọ ọchịagha VSYUR - ogba agha nke Southern Russia. Agha ya sụrụ Bolsheviks Kuban, Don region, Tsarina, Donbass, Kharkiv. Denikin si iwe imikpu Central Russia.

VSYUR gbaghachi azụ na Novocherkassk. Denikin kpaliri site n'ebe ahụ Crimea, ebe ke April 1920 n'okpuru mgbali nke na-emegide enwezi ya ikike Petru Vrangelyu. Nke a sochiri ọpụpụ na Europe. Njem General dere a memoir, "edemede na Russian oj oo", nke ọ gbalịrị zaa ajụjụ nke mere na ndị meriri White ije. Na agha obodo, Anton Ivanovich vinyl nanị Bolsheviks. Ọ jụrụ ịkwado Hitler na katọrọ rụkọrọ ọrụ. Mgbe mmeri nke atọ Reich Denikin dochie ebe obibi ma kwaga na US, ebe ọ nwụrụ na 1947.

Lavr Kornilov

The nhazi nke a na-emezughị kuu Lavr Georgievich Kornilov (1870-1918) a mụrụ a Cossack ezinụlọ onye nēje ozi, nke kpebisiri ike agha ya ọrụ. Dị ka ihe na ọgụgụ isi ojii, o jere ozi na Persia, Afghanistan, na India. Na agha, ọ na-weghaara Austrians, bụ onyeisi nke efehe n'ụlọ.

Ná mmalite Lavr Georgievich Kornilov kụziri obere ọchịchị. Isi iro Russia, o chere na nke Left. Dị ka ihe na akwado nke a siri ike ike, ọ malitere iji dozie mgbochi ọchịchị ngagharị iwe. Ya njem na Petrograd okpu. Kornilov na-akwado ya e jidere.

Na mmalite nke October mgbanwe, n'ozuzu e wepụtara. Ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ ọchịagha nke Volunteer Army na Ndida nke Russia. Na February 1918, Kornilov haziri First Kuban (Ice) njem ka Yekaterinodar. Nke a na ime ihe na-kpara. All ndị ndú nke White ije na-eme n'ọdịnihu na-agbalị ịbụ ndị ọsụ ụzọ. Kornilov e mwute gburu n'oge shelling Ekaterinodar.

Nikolai Yudenich

General Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich (1862-1933) bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ihe ịga nke ọma Russian ọchịagha na agha megide Germany na ya jikọrọ aka. O duuru mkpara nke Kọkeshịan Army n'oge ya agha na ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman. Ozugbo ike, Kerensky zitere a ọchịagha arụkwaghịm.

Na mmalite nke October mgbanwe, Nikolay Nikolaevich Yudenich mgbe ndụ iwu na-akwadoghị na Petrograd. Ná mmalite 1919, iji esorowo akwụkwọ kwagara Finland. Ịnagide na Helsinki Russian Committee kwusara ya isi.

Yudenich ike nkwurịta okwu na Aleksandrom Kolchakom. Ahazi omume ha na Admiral, Nikolai gbalịrị unsuccessfully ka Nweta nkwado nke Entente na Mannerheim. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1919, o natara na Pọtụfoliyo nke Minister nke Agha na-akpọ North-Western ọchịchị guzobere Revel.

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke Yudenich haziri a Maachi na Petrograd. Ihu ọma, na-White ije na Civil War mere ná mpụga obodo. Yudenich agha, na Kama nke ahụ, agbalị ka inwere onwe isi obodo (dị ka a n'ihi nke Bolshevik ọchịchị kwagara Moscow). Ọ kpọọrọ Tsarskoye Selo, Gatchina na bịara Pulkovo elu. Trotsky ike nyefee site okporo ígwè ka Petrograd mkwado karịa wepụ niile mgbalị-esi jide nke na-acha ọcha obodo.

Site na njedebe nke 1919 gbaghachi azụ Yudenich Estonia. A ọnwa ole na ole gasịrị, ọ kwaga. N'ihi na oge ụfọdụ n'ozuzu nọrọ na London, ebe ọ gara Winston Churchill. Svyknuvshis mmeri, Yudenich biri na France hapụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Na 1933, ọ nwụrụ na Cannes si akpa ume ụkwara nta.

Alexey Kaledin

Mgbe October mgbanwe tiwapụsịrị, Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin (1861-1918) bụ onyeisi nke Don agha. Mgbe a na post ọ hoputara a ọnwa ole na ole tupu ihe na Petrograd. The Cossack obodo-ya, isi na Rostov, di ike ọmịiko maka Nazi. Ataman, na iche, hụrụ Bolshevik mgbanwe nke mpụ. Ịnata na-enye nsogbu ozi ọma si na Petrograd, o meriri ndị Soviet na Don Host.

Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin ejikwara si Novocherkassk. Na November, e wee ọzọ na-acha ọcha general - Mikhail Alekseev. Ka ọ dịgodị, Cossacks na ya ibu fluctuated. Ọtụtụ na-ike gwụrụ nke agha n'ụzọ doro anya zara ndị Bolshevik slogans. Ndị ọzọ na-nwe Lenin ochichi bụ na-anọpụ iche. Iro na socialists ama nwetara fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla.

Adịkwa olileanya reconnect na nkwatu nke elebara Government, Kaledin gara ikeike nzọụkwụ. O kwuru onwe nke Don Host. Na aziza a nnupụisi Rostov Bolsheviks. Ataman, na nkwado site Alekseeva, ọ ewute nkwupụta. Na Don mbụ ọbara wụsịrị.

Ná ngwụsị nke 1917 Kaledin nyere aga na-na-echere ihe e kere eke nke na-emegide Bolshevik Volunteer Army. Na Rostov pụtara abụọ yiri agha. Na otu aka, ọ bụ na-acha ọcha Volunteer Army ọchịagha, na ndị ọzọ na - na obodo Cossacks. Adịbeghị anya ọzọ ọmịiko na Bolsheviks. Na December, na Red Army nwere Donbas na Taganrog. Cossack nkeji, ugbu a, kpamkpam akadiahade. N'ịmata na ya subordinates achọghị ibuso Soviet ike, Ataman gburu onwe.

ataman Krasnov

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Kaledin Cossack ogologo kwenyere na Bolsheviks. Mgbe Don Soviet ike e guzobere, ụnyaahụ n'ihu-akara agha ngwa ngwa wee asị red. Ugbua na May 1918, a na nnupu isi malitere na ndị Don.

New Ataman nke Don Cossacks bụ Pita Krasnov (1869-1947). N'oge agha na Germany na Austria, ọ, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-acha ọcha ọchịagha bụ ndị na-ama ama Brusilov itunanya. Na Bolsheviks agha mgbe emeso ya na ịkpọasị. Ọ bụ ya na-na iwu nke Kerensky gbalịrị iji kụda akwado nke Lenin Petrograd, mgbe October mgbanwe dị nnọọ arụ. Obere ike Krasnov nwere Tsarskoye Selo na Gatchina, ma n'oge na-adịghị na Bolsheviks gbara gburugburu na disarmed ya.

Mgbe mbụ ọdịda nke Peter Krasnov bụ ike ime ka Don. Ịghọ mgbochi Soviet Cossack onyeisi, ọ jụrụ irube isi Denikin na gbalịrị inweta otu nọọrọ onwe ha iwu. Karịsịa, Krasnov eguzobewo enyi na enyi na ndị Germany.

Ọ bụ naanị mgbe ha mara ọkwa na ndị chịliri aka elu, dịpụrụ adịpụ Ataman rubere isi Denikin na Berlin. Ọchịagha na Chief nke Volunteer Army bụghị ogologo anabata a dubious enyere Devid aka. Na February 1919, nrụgide nke Krasnov Denikin ọ gara Yudenich agha Estonia. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ kwaga ka Europe.

Dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ndú nke White ije, jee biri n'ala ọzọ, a mbụ Cossack Ataman ná nrọ banyere a rematch. Ịkpọasị nke Bolsheviks kewapụrụ ya ka Hitler nkwado. The Germany mere Krasnov isi nke Cossacks na nwere Russian n'ókèala. Mgbe mmeri nke atọ Reich, na British nyere Pyotr Nikolayevich USSR. Na Soviet Union ọ gbalịrị na ikpe ọnwụ. Krasnov na e gburu.

Ivan Romanovsky

Warlord Ivan Pavlovich Romanovsky (1877-1920) ka eze na oge bụ a soò na agha na Japan na Germany. Na 1917 ọ na-akwado okwu Kornilov na Denikin na-eje ozi na njide n'obodo Bykhov. Mgbe akpụ akpụ na Don, Romanovsky abuana ke guzobe nke mbụ haziri mgbochi Bolshevik agha.

General Denikin họpụtara osote onye na chịkwara mkpara ya. Ọ na-kweere na Romanovsky nwere na ya onyeisi a nnukwu mmetụta. Uche Denikin ọbụna kpọrọ aha Ivan Pavlovich nọchiri ya na ihe omume nke na-atụghị anya ọnwụ.

N'ihi na ha directness Romanovsky-emegide ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na ọchịagha na Dobrarmii, na mgbe ahụ na VSYUR. White ije na Russia bụ nke ya ambiguously. Mgbe Denikin, Wrangel ịga nke ọma, Romanovsky ekpe-ha nile posts we laghachi na Istanbul. N'otu obodo ahụ e gburu ya Lieutenant Mstislavom Haruzinym. Shooter, na-eje ozi n'ebe a White Army, kọwara ya ihe site eziokwu na vinyl Romanovsky VSYUR na mmeri na agha obodo.

Sergei Markov

The afọ ofufo na Army Sergey Leonidovich Markov (1878-1918) ghọrọ a òtù nzuzo dike. Kpọ aha-ya ndi agha na acha agha. Mark mara ya kenkwucha talent na ha onwe ha obi ike, nke o gosiri na ọ bụla agha na-Red Army. Òtù nke White ije akpan akpan ụjọ emeso ka ebe nchekwa nke n'ozuzu.

Military biography Markov ka eze na oge mara na mgbe mara. Ọ abuana ke Japanese mkpọsa. Na German n'ihu, o nyere iwu a égbè ndi agha, na mgbe ahụ ghọrọ onyeisi nke mkpara nke ọtụtụ asakde iso ese. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1917 Markov akwado Kornilov na ya na ndị ọzọ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu White ọchịagha n'okpuru e jidere ya na Bykhov.

Ná mmalite nke agha obodo, ndị agha kwagara n'ebe ndịda nke Russia. Ọ bụ a tọrọ ntọala so Volunteer Army. Markov mere oké onyinye na-acha ọcha okwu na Ice March. N'abalị nke April 16, 1918, ọ bụ na a obere ìgwè nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo were Medvedovku - a isi n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, ebe ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bibie Soviet armored ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na ahụ wee daa nke encirclement wee mkpagbu. agha pụta bụ nzọpụta nke Denikin agha, dị nnọọ mere ihe ọma wakpo Ekaterinodar na na brink nke mmeri.

Markova feat mere ya a dike na-acha ọcha na a iyi onye iro maka Reds. Ọnwa abụọ gasịrị, na nkà General wee akụkụ ke Kuban iwe. Around obodo Shablievki akụkụ zutere ndị na-achị ndị agha nke onye-iro. Na a fateful oge maka onwe gị Markov apụtawo ìhè n'ihu ọha, ebe ọ kwadebere chọpụtara mgbe. Dị ka ọnọdụ nke ọkụ e meghere si Red Army armored ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Near Sergey Leonidovich bombu gbawara, nke mere ka ya a na-anwụ anwụ ọnya. A awa ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị, June 26, 1918, ndị agha ya nwụrụ.

Petr Vrangel

Petr Nikolaevich Vrangel (1878-1928), a makwaara dị ka Black Baron, si a magburu onwe ezinụlọ, na nwere mgbọrọgwụ ejikọrọ na Baltic Germany. Tupu a agha, o nwetara ihe engineering akụziri. Agụụ na-agụ agha, ọ ike, na Pita wee na-amụ na trooper.

Mpụta mbụ mkpọsa Wrangel bụ agha na Japan. N'oge Ụwa Mbụ, o jere ozi na Horse-eche ha nche. Na-akwanyere ùgwù ọtụtụ ịkpa, ihe atụ na na weghaara German batrị. N'otu oge, na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ n'ihu, bụ onyeisi wee akụkụ ke ama Brusilov itunanya.

N'oge February mgbanwe Petro ume iziga ndị agha na Petrograd. N'oge a obere oge ọchịchị ya pụọ ọrụ. Black Baron kwagara dacha na Crimea, ebe e jidere ya site Bolsheviks. Nwoke ah amazuru aha jisiri na-adị ndụ naanị ekele na arịrịọ nke nwunye ya.

Ma ihe ndị oké ozu na supporter nke ọchịchị ndị eze, maka Wrangel White echiche bụ uncontested itie ke Civil War. O sonyeere Denikin. Ọchịagha jere ozi na Kọkeshịan Army, akada kpọọ nke Tsaritsyn. Mgbe mmeri nke White Army n'oge njem na Moscow Wrangel malitere ịkatọ ya onyeisi Denikin. The esemokwu ada ka nwa oge opupu nke General na Istanbul.

N'oge na-adịghị Petro laghachi Russia. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1920, ọ hoputara isi nke ndi-Russian agha. Ya isi bụ isi Crimea. The dịịrị banye na mmiri ikpeazụ bastion ọcha agha obodo. Wrangel agha abụrụ ọtụtụ ọgụ nke Bolsheviks, ma n'ikpeazụ okpu.

N'ala ọzọ, na Black Baron biri na Belgrade. Ọ tọrọ ntọala na-aga na-EMRO - Russian Military Union, mgbe nyefee ya na otu nke oké isi Nikolai Nikolaevich. Obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na engineer, Pyotr Wrangel kwagara Brussels. N'ebe ahụ, ọ nwụrụ nke ụkwara nta na 1928.

Andrew Shkuro

Andrey Grigorevich Shkuro (1887-1947) bụ nwa afọ-mụrụ Kuban Cossacks. Dị ka a nwa okorobịa wee na gold panning njem na Siberia. Na-alụ agha na Kaiser si Germany Shkuro kere a okpuru agha maka obi kara utu aha "Wolf na otu narị."

Na October 1917, ndị Cossack a họpụtara na Kuban mpaghara nzuko omeiwu. N'ịbụ a monarchist site nkwenye, ọ na-ezighị ezi meghachi omume na ozi ọma nke na-abịa n'ike nke Bolsheviks. Shkuro wee malite ịgba mgba red commissars, mgbe ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ndú nke White ije ama ma oge na-àmà siri ikwusa onwe ha. Na July 1918, Andrew G. na ya ọzọ ụgbọala ahụ Bolsheviks si Stavropol.

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke Cossack guzo na isi nke mbụ ndi agha nke ojii nke Kislovodsk, mgbe ahụ, - Kọkeshịan agha Division. Chief Shkuro bụ Anton Ivanovich Denikin. Na Ukraine, ndị agha mebiri a detachment Nestora Mahno. O wee were akụkụ ke njem na Moscow. Shkuro nọ na-eburu Kharkov na Voronezh. Na obodo a, ya mkpọsa mmiri riri.

Apụ na ndị agha Budyonny, Lieutenant-General mere ya Novorossiysk. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ ụgbọ mmiri na Crimea. Na ndị agha Wrangel Shkuro m jidere na n'ihi na nke ndị agha na Black Baron. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị na-acha ọcha onyeisi bụ n'ala ọzọ ọbụna tupu zuru mmeri nke Red Army.

Shkuro biri na Paris na Yugoslavia. Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ malitere, ọ, dị ka Krasnov, akwado ndị Nazi na ha na-alụ megide Bolsheviks. Shkuro bụ SS Gruppenführer na a na ike na ọ lụrụ ọgụ na Yugoslav partisans. Mgbe mmeri nke atọ Reich, ọ gbalịrị imebi n'ime ókèala ji nke British. Na Linz, Austria British Shkuro nyere, ya na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ọrụ. White isi e gbalịrị tinyere Petrom Krasnovym na ikpe ọnwụ.