Transistor switches. The circuit ọrụ ụkpụrụ

Mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na mgbagwoju osise bara uru bụ ojiji nke dị iche iche na technical aghụghọ na nwere ike nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ a obere mgbalị. Otu n'ime ha bụ ihe e kere eke nke okporo ọkụ switches. Gịnị ka ha bụ? Gịnị mere ha ike? Gịnị mere na ha na-akpọ "electronic igodo"? Gịnị bụ atụmatụ nke usoro a na-, na ihe anya n'ihi?

Gịnị mere transistor switches

Ha na-gburu na ojiji nke ubi ma ọ bụ bipolar transistors. Ọzọkwa kewara mbụ na TIR igodo nwere akara p-n-nkwụsị. N'etiti bipolar bụghị iche / jupụta. Transistor ịgbanwee 12 V ga-igbo isi choro si amu amu redio.

static mode

Na ya eneme mechiri emechi na-emeghe na-ekwu, nke isi. The mbụ uzo mmiri bụ a ala voltaji larịị, nke na-anọchite anya ezi uche efu mgbaàmà. N'ọnọdụ dị otú a mode, ma ntughari nọ reverse direction (cutoff a nwetara). Na na nke ugbu a mkpoko nwere ike na-emetụta okpomọkụ. Na-emeghe ala ka isi input bụ a elu voltaji larịị kwekọrọ mgbagha onye mgbaàmà. Ọrụ bụ omume na abụọ ụdịdị n'out oge. Ndị dị otú ahụ ime ihe nwere ike ịbụ na saturation region ma ọ bụ na linear region nke mmepụta e ji mara. Anyị ga-atụle ha na ihe zuru ezu.

saturation isi

N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, ndị transistor ikwu n'ụzọ na-abụchaghị eziokwu na-atụ direction. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ị na-agbanwe isi ugbu a, uru nke mkpoko agaghị agbanwe. Na sịlịkọn transistors maka echiche ọjọọ nke banyere 0,8 V dị mkpa, mgbe maka germanium voltaji na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime 0.2-0.4 V. A isi dị ka a n'ozuzu saturation ruru? Iji mee nke a, ndị isi ugbu a na-abawanye. Ma, ihe niile a kpaara ókè, dị ka nke ọma dị ka onye na-abawanye na saturation. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-eru a na-ugbu a uru, ọ na-akwụsị na-eto eto. Ma, gịnị mere na-emefu na saturation nke a isi? E nwere a ọnụego pụrụ iche, nke na-egosiputa ọnọdụ. Na ya na-amụba ibu ike na-abawanye, nke nwere transistor switches, itisasị obodo ihe na-amalite na-emetụta a nta ike, ma ọ na-arịa ọrịa na arụmọrụ. Ya mere, saturation akpata uru họrọ si ikwere echiche, na-elekwasị anya na nsogbu na kwesịrị na-rụrụ.

Ọghọm unsaturated isi

Na ihe ga-eme ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị-enweta ezigbo uru? Mgbe ahụ e nwere ndị dị otú ahụ adịghị emezi emezi:

1. Voltaji ọdịda oghe isi ida ruo banyere 0,5 V.
2. Njọ ọgụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ụba input impedance, nke a hụrụ na igodo mgbe ha na-emeghe. Ya mere, na nnyonye anya dị ka voltaji spikes na a ga-eduga a mgbanwe transistor kwa.
3. Jupụta isi nwere ịrịba okpomọkụ kwụsie ike.

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na nke a bụ ka mma na-ebu, ka emesị nweta a zuru okè na ngwaọrụ.

speed

Nke a oke na-adabere na kacha ime ugboro, nwere ike rụrụ mgbe ịmafe n'ókè. Nke a na n'aka-adabere na oge nke mgbanwe usoro, nke a kpebisiri ike site inertia nke transistor, nakwa dị ka mmetụta nke parasitic kwa. Iji mara arụmọrụ mgbagha mmewere mgbe na-egosi na nkezi oge na-adị mgbe a mgbaàmà na-egbu oge site na ya nnyefe ke transistor mgba ọkụ. Osise na-egosi ya na-ejikarị kpomkwem a nkezi nzaghachi nso na-egosi.

Mmekọrịta ndị ọzọ igodo

Iji mee nke a, couplers eji. N'ihi ya, ọ bụrụ na ndị mbụ mgba ọkụ mmepụta bụ na a elu voltaji larịị, mgbe ahụ, e nwere na nke abụọ isi mmiri oghere na-agba ọsọ a gaghị agara mode. Na Anglịkan. Ndị dị otú ahụ a nkwurịta okwu circuit n'ụzọ na-emetụta ndị na-akwụsị akwụsị Filiks na-eme n'oge ịmafe, na-agba nke na igodo. Nke a bụ otú a transistor mgba ọkụ. Ọtụtụ nkịtị bụ atụmatụ nke na mmekọrịta na-ewe ebe naanị n'etiti abụọ transistors. Ma nke a apụtaghị na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka a na ngwaọrụ na a ga-eji atọ ma ọ bụ anọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna ihe ọcha. Ma na omume a nwere ike isi ike ịchọta a ojiji, otú ahụ ka ọrụ nke ụdị transistor mgba ọkụ na-adịghị mee ihe.

Gịnị na-ahọrọ

Gịnị mma-arụ ọrụ? Ka anyị were ya na anyị nwere a dị mfe transistor mgba ọkụ, a voltaji ọkọnọ nke bụ 0,5 V. Mgbe ahụ, na-eji ihe oscilloscope nwere ike weghara niile nke mgbanwe. Ọ bụrụ na ndị mkpoko ugbu a nke 0.5mA na a ọnụego set, na voltaji dara 40 MV (dabere ga-odika 0,8 V). Site ụkpụrụ nke nsogbu anyị nwere ike ikwu na nke a bụ nnọọ a ịrịba ndiiche, nke na-eweta mmachibido iji nke dum usoro nke nkata, n'ihi na ihe atụ, switches, analọg n'ókè. Ya mere, ha nọ n'okpuru pụrụ iche ubi-mmetụta transistors, nke nwere a ịchịkwa p-n-nkwụsị. Ha uru n'elu bipolar ogbo bụ:

1. The nta uru nke mmapụta nchegbu na isi na ikenye ala.
2. The elu-eguzogide ma na dị ka a n'ihi - a obere ugbu a na-abanye na-mechiri emechi so.
3. Ọ na-erepịakwa obere ike dị, adịghị mkpa a ịrịba isi iyi nke akara voltaji.
4. Ọ bụ omume na-ịgbanwee na electric ala ozo n'ókè, nke mejupụtara nkeji nke microvolts.

ịgbanwee transistor mgba ọkụ - nke a bụ ihe ezigbo ngwa maka ubi. N'ezie, nke a ozi na-etinye nanị na-agụ nwere ihe echiche banyere ha. A ntakịrị nke ihe ọmụma na nkà - na-ekwe omume nke na mmejuputa, nke nwere transistor switches ka chepụtara n'ụba.

ọrụ atụ

Ka anyị tụlee n'ụzọ sara mbara karị otú mfe transistor mgba ọkụ. Ịmafe si onye mgbaàmà input na-ebugharị na-ewepụ si ọzọ ụzọ ọpụpụ. Iji igbachi isi na uzọ-ama transistor eji a voltaji na dị elu karịa ụkpụrụ nke isi iyi na igbapu na a bara uru dị ukwuu karịa 2-3 V. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-akpachara anya ka agabigaghị ime nso. Mgbe mgba ọkụ a na-emechi, na-eguzogide bụ dịtụ ukwuu - ukwuu karịa 10 ohms. Nke a bara uru na-enwetara n'ihi na eziokwu na ihe ọzọ na-emetụta ihe na-agbanwe echiche ọjọọ ugbu a nke pn nkwụsị. N'otu steeti capacitance n'etiti mgbaàmà ịmafe circuit na ámá electrode bụ na nso nke 3-30 pF. Ugbu a na-emeghe transistor mgba ọkụ. Na-akwọ ụgbọala na omume ga-egosi na ọ bụrụ na ụzọ ámá voltaji na-abịaru ná efu, na ike na-adabere na ibu-eguzogide ma na a Switched voltaji e ji mara. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ụwa dum nke na interactions ụzọ ámá, isi iyi na igbapu nke transistor. Nke a na-emepụta nsogbu ụfọdụ maka ke chopper mode.

Dị ka ihe ngwọta na-nsogbu a, dị iche iche na nkata e mepụtara na-enye a stabilization voltaji na emee n'etiti ọwa na n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi na anụ ahụ Njirimara nke ọbụna diode ike ga-eji dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ. Iji mezuo nke a, ọ ga-esịne ke reverse direction igbochi voltaji. Ọ bụrụ na ị ga-ike ndị dị mkpa na ọnọdụ, ndị diode emechi na p-n-mgbanwe emepe. Ịgbanwe mgbe Switched voltaji oghe, ndị na ọwa na-eguzogide na-adịghị gbanwere, ọ bụ omume na-agụnye elu-eguzogide resistor n'etiti isi na ndenye isi. Na ọnụnọ nke capacitor capacitances budata mee ngwangwa ndị recharging usoro.

Ngụkọta oge nke transistor mgba ọkụ

Iji maa ihe atụ nke ngụkọta oge nke nghọta, ị nwere ike ịnọchi anya gị nkọwa:

1) The mkpoko-emitter voltaji - 45 V. The ngụkọta ike dissipation - 500 mw. The mkpoko-emitter voltaji - 0,2 V. The cutoff ugboro ole nke ọrụ - 100 MHz. The isi-emitter voltaji - 0,9 V. The mkpoko ugbu a - 100 MA. Statistical ugbu a nyefe ruru - 200.

2) resistor n'ihi na ugbu a 60 MA 5-1,35-0,2 = 3.45.

3) mkpoko eguzogide uru: 3,45 \ 0,06 ohms = 57,5.

4) N'ihi na mma, anyị na-elu ọnụ uru nke 62 ohms: 3,45 \ 62 = 0.0556 MA.

5) Anyị na-iche na isi ugbu a: 56 \ 200 = 0.28 Ma (0.00028 A).

6) Olee ihe a ga-resistor isi: 5 - 0,9 = 4,1V.

7) Kpebisie ike na ndị na-eguzogide nke isi resistor: 4.1 \ = 0,00028 ohms 14,642,9.

ọgwụgwụ

Ndien ke akpatre, banyere aha "electronic igodo". Nke bụ eziokwu na ala na-agbanwe site na nke ugbu a. Na ihe ọ bụ? Nke ahụ ziri ezi, a set nke electronic ebubo. Site na nke a na e nwere a abụọ aha. Edi ke ofụri ofụri, na ihe nile. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe na ngwaọrụ circuit transistor switches abụghị ihe mgbagwoju anya, otú ịghọta nke a - ọ bụ apụtakarị. Ọ ga-kwuru na ọbụna ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nke isiokwu a iji nweta ume ya na ebe nchekwa were a obere akwụkwọ ọ biiri. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ na ala m gwa Abigel na-echeta ọnụnọ nke oru Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na search nke ọhụrụ ozi banyere transistor tụụrụ e.