Chesme Obí na St. Petersburg: History, address, photos

N'etiti St. Petersburg na Tsarskoye Selo n'ọbubu-eze Catherine II a ntụrụndụ mgbagwoju n'oge ogologo ụzọ e wuru. Na nsọpụrụ nke 10th ncheta nke mmeri nke Russian nsoro pụtara aha "Cesme Church" na "Chesme Obí", nke na-echetara anyị agha ebube nke Russian agha mmiri. Obí nwetara dị iche iche ugboro, ma mgbe nile nọgidere na a mma nke St. Petersburg.

ebe

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na mgbagwoju e wuru dị ka a track, taa bụ Chesme Obí na St. Petersburg (adreesị nke ya Street Gastello, 15). Na na mgbe Catherine Ukwu, e n'enweghị onye bi na, moorland. The n'ókèala gara Russia dị ka a n'ihi nke Northern War na ghọrọ eze onwunwe.

Ebe a na-akpọ na Finnish Kikerikiksen, nke sụgharịrị n'aka "frog ala opitoropi", nke mere na ihe nnọchianya nke ọdịnihu nke n'obí bụ green frog.

Na 1717, ụzọ e deere ka a biri na Tsarskoye Selo, na nke a malitere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ebe-obibi-aha ya bụ ebe. Taa, dị ka ekwuola, Chesma n'obí emi odude n'ime St. Petersburg.

akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ekwu

Iji comfortably aga ya n'oge okpomọkụ obi na Tsarskoye Selo, Ekaterina Velikaya nyere iwu asaa kilomita site na isi obodo na-ewu a pathname. Ya mere Chesme Obí e tụụrụ ime na St. Petersburg, onye ihe mere eme kemgbe ogologo na-akpali.

Ọ mbụ a na-akpọ obi. Ma mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na-ewu nke n'obí e dechara, bịara na ozi ọma nke mmeri nke Russian nsoro na Agha nke Chesma. Ọ ga-kwuru na mmeri Turkey dị nnọọ mkpa maka Russia. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ike imeri Constantinople ka rọrọ, ma, ọbụna mmeri nke Azov na Kerch bụ oke mkpa na N'ezie nke a agha. Ugbu a Russian ahịa arịa nwere ike kpamkpam gabiga Black Sea, na ọ kwere nkwa a otutu uru.

Na Russia, e nwere a omenala ọ bụla na oké mmeri na Turkish War nke ememe ọ bụla ncheta. Ya mere, na Tsarskoye Selo ndị Turkish ogbo na ulo-ǹdò, Crimea na Chesme na ogidi, na ala nke na ama wuru ụlọ na Byzantine na Oriental ekwekọghị. Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe ezi uche na-akpọ aha a ọhụrụ track Chesmensky Obí, nakwa dị ka chọọchị wuru na-esote ya.

-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ

Ekaterina Velikaya mara maka ya n'ike n'ike na a ọtụtụ ịhụnanya na-ewu. N'oge ya ibu eze mba ahụ dum, na St. Petersburg akpan akpan natara a otutu okomoko ụlọ na obí eze.

The queen bụ a ọtụtụ ihe mere ndị erection nke ụlọ ọhụrụ, dị ka ogologo njem si isi obodo na Tsarskoye Selo. Ọ chọghị ka ha kwụsị n'ebe na-ekwesịghị, n'ihi na ọ bụ n'ebe nile chọrọ ala. Mgbe Eze Nwanyị Ukwu kpebiri-ewu a ọhụrụ n'obí - "obi" - ọ tụgharịrị Yuri Matveyevich Felten, otu n'ime ndị isi architects nke isi obodo.

The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-amụ na Academy nke Ọma Arts, rụrụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ na Rastrelli, mgbe ya na ọnwụ ya dechara ewu nke oké-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Ahụmahụ na talent mere Felten tinyere Vallin de la Mothe eduga-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke St. Petersburg. Site 1774 ya na akaụntụ ama e wuru dị otú ahụ dị ka Lutheran na Armenian St. Catherine Church, Obere na Large hermitage, Obí mkpọda na ama ogige nke Summer Garden.

Ịkwụ Ụgwọ Chesma n'obí ghọrọ-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ maka ụdị nnwale. N'ezie, na isi obodo gaara jọgburu iwu a n'obí ke Gothic ịke, ma ná mpụga obodo kwere ndị dị otú ahụ onwe.

mwube History

Chesmensky ejegharị Obí e hiwere na 1774, afọ atọ mgbe e mesịrị Eze Nwanyị Ukwu na-eme ememe housewarming. Speed nke ewu e nyere site na eziokwu ahụ bụ na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ YU. M. Felten ike n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-eme atụmatụ na-arụ ọrụ. Na, n'ezie, mee ka ndị na-ewu na-agba nke a ọtụtụ a otutu ego na-ewu na Catherine nọrọ.

The n'ókèala n'okpuru nnukwu ụlọ e kewapụrụ bụghị onye kasị baa ọgaranya, ya mere, na akpa ogbo ọ dị mkpa ime ka drainage ebe, na-gwuru a okporo mmiri na perimeta nke saịtị ịnọgide na-marshes na-mebiri emebi ulo. Ọ na-ewusi mmetụta nke nnukwu ụlọ na n'iṅomi aro, nke na-mere si ụwa nke okporo mmiri.

The obí agụnye a isi ụlọ nke abụọ ala na a dome na nkuku nile di elu, na nkume na chọọchị nke Ọmụmụ nke Ioanna Krestitelya na ọtụtụ outbuildings. Site na obí nke e rụrụ site n'ụzọ tract, topped site nkume abụọ n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá na Gothic style.

Architectural atụmatụ nke n'obí

Chesma ulo uku eze echebeghịkwa pseudo-Gothic style, na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ ike iji na-azụ nke a echiche. The n'ike mmụọ nsọ n'ihi na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-akpọchi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Bosphorus. Oriental ọcha jiri nwayọọ dere na Gothic style, na ha aghọtaghị ihe anya, na ndị dị nnọọ a nwayọọ ncheta.

Na usoro nke isi ulo-ụlọ bụ ihe equilateral triangle na gburugburu elu na battlements na nkuku. Onye ọ bụla ụlọ elu zuru ezu oriọna na ọkara okirikiri domes. The elu na mgbidi nke ụlọ ndị dị n'elu elu nke ụlọ n'ụdị nke mbụ gia okpueze. The n'ala nke ulo uku eze mma na rustication, top n'ala - techie brickwork. Mara mma arched windo ike a mmetụta nke a ochie nnukwu ụlọ. Monumental ije na mmezi Chesmensky Obí amasị pụrụ ịdabere na e wusiri ike na nnukwu ụlọ.

ime

Site n'ụzọ, Chesma Obí (St. Petersburg), externally mma na lozhnogoticheskom style n'ime bụghị nwetụrụ ndumodu nke Gothic. The interiors na-e ke ẹbọ nke Catherine mmasị n'oge classicism.

Na mgbidi i nwere ike ịhụ ogwe, medallions, moldings, wreaths na garlands nke okooko osisi na aghọwo ndị edenyere nke YU. M. Feltena. Isi olu nke ulo enyene isi ụlọ nke triangle, ọ na-mma na ihe ọkpụkpụ site F. Shubin gallery egosi Russian nnukwu isi na ndị eze.

Maka oru ngo Felten nile mma Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze na ime-ulo nile nke ulo uku, ọ nọ na-atụtụ ngwá ụlọ na textiles, nke ga-eru icho mma n'ime ime nke ulo. Karịsịa n'ihi na ya obibi ọhụrụ Ekaterina nyere iwu na English poselin factory Wedgwood nri abalị ọrụ nke 952 ihe, ọ bụla nke sported a frog - uma Chesmensky Obí. Taa, a na ọrụ - mma nke hermitage collection.

History obi ọjọọ mesoo ndị mara mma n'ime ime nke ulo. Ọ nọgidere na obere - osise na ihe ọkpụkpụ, e zigara ihe ngosi nka, ngwá ụlọ nwayọọ nwayọọ ná mgbagwoju anya. Ma na 2005, e rụzigharịa isi ulo nke obibi, ọ na-a na-akpọ St. George.

Obí na Ekaterina Velikaya

Chesme Obí na St. Petersburg ghọrọ otu n'ime ihe kacha amasị ebe nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu. Ọ na-aga na nke ya, ma mgbe ọ na-rụrụ n'ememe ahụ, ememe.

Na 1792, Catherine nyere n'obí na Chapter nke Order of St. George. Ebe ọ bụ na ebe a na gburugburu ụlọ nzukọ nke abụọ nke ụlọ, e ẹkenịmde a nzukọ nke Knights nke Order, nke a na-gara site na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu. Ozugbo-edebe ha jikwaa, Archive na àkù.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Catherine Ukwu n'obí, dị mwute ikwu, ọ bụ mkpọmkpọ ebe.

afọ nke nleghara anya

Paul, bụ onye bịara ike, nnọọ achọghị iji ulo. Mgbe Alexander nke abụọ na n'obí tọgbọ chakoo, naanị ugboro abụọ na ya zuru ike na nwa agbọghọ nke Catherine Institute.

N'okpuru Nicholas Mbụ Church of n'obí e ji mee ka e si preparations maka olili nke Grand isi. Ebe ị nọrọ n'abalị nke eze nwanne ozu Alexander, ebe a na ọ gbanwere n'ime a okomoko akpati ozu na ẹka olili ebe a. Otu ihe ahụ mere na Elizabeth Alekseevna ahu.

almshouse

Emperor Paul mere na-amasị ihe ọ bụla na-echetara ya nke nne-ya, otú a ka ọ Chesma n'obí bịa abụghị, na-họọrọ na-eji oge ya na-Gatchina. Ọ ọbụna chọrọ inye Obí a poorhouse, ma oru ngo-a bụghị emejuputa atumatu. The Commission hụrụ ya agaghị ekwe omume na-ahazi ya, na-akọwa odida nke ụkọ mmiri.

Banyere nke a echiche chetara Nicholas m, onye na 1830 nyere iwu na oruru nke Chesma n'obí agha almshouses maka ndị nwere nkwarụ na lagoro ezumike nka nke 1812 agha afọ. N'ihi ya biri akụkọ nke n'obí ụlọ.

N'ihi na mma ma na-amụba n'ógbè ahụ n'obí nwere na-eme ịrịba nhazigharị. A. Shtaubert-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ a họpụtara ka rework n'obí na họtel maka ndị ọlụsị. Ọ enwezu otu atọ-storey ụlọ, ejikọta ha na ọhụrụ gafee site na nkuku nile di elu. Na ụlọ nche onwe ha na e wepụrụ na-anọchi toothed parapets nke dome. Adobe ámá dochie na ọhụrụ nkedo-ígwè.

On 2nd n'ala nke chọọchị na-na-nsọ oyi. Kama ọhịa na ahịhịa n'ihu ezumike mgbe park n'ihi na ndị bi na-ejegharị. Mgbe afọ anọ gasịrị, a hospice dị njikere, ọ pụrụ ịnabata 400 ọbịa. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, na bụla outbuilding anyị wuru ọzọ on 2 ala. Nke nta nke nta wuru gburugburu ọzọ ụlọ ma bibie na-eli ozu. N'ihi ya biri ọdịnihu nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju - kasị mara mma, nke ihunanya manor Catherine oge.

The Soviet oge

Na 1919 Chesma n'obí eche ọhụrụ ule. Almshouse e mechiri na na ala na ụlọ kere a mara ụlọikwuu ndị mkpọrọ nke agha na ndị iro nke ndị ọchịchị ọhụrụ. Chesma Church zuuru, yipụ ya cross, kowe n'ọnọdu-ya nkpa nile na hama, dị ka akara nke ọhụrụ oge.

Na 1930 na ụlọ nke mbụ Obí Chesmensky ẹmen Road Institute. Maka mkpa nke ndị na alụmdi na-ewu na nku ọzọ. Na n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, chọọchị ahụ na n'obí e merụsịrị mebiri site bọmbụ. Mgbe agha, mgbagwoju nyere Leningrad Institute of Aviation.

Na 1946, Obí rụziri, ọ bụghị karịsịa na-eche banyere ichebe nke mbụ anya. Ọrụ ndị a na-edu ndị-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ A. Korjagin.

ụbọchị taa

Chesma n'obí foto bụ naanị na obunagodu yiri mbụ echiche nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ taa ka na-ekesịpde site na University of Aerospace Instrumentation.

Manor Park bụ oghe maka ọha ohere. Na na 1994, mgbe Cesme Church laghachiri Orthodox Church, malitere mweghachi nke interiors na mpụga ọdịdị nke temple. Taa, ọ na-ọdịdị fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam idako na-ewu nke narị afọ nke 18.

Ná mmalite 21 nke narị afọ, e kpebiri iji weghachi isi ulo nke ala na ụlọ, na na 2005 ọ e eze meghere. The ulo-chọpụtara na University Library na akwado dị iche iche ihe. Dị mwute ikwu na, taa naanị akụkụ ụfọdụ nke isi ụlọ ekwe ka ị na-ahụ ihe ọhụrụ echiche Felten.