Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Ọtụtụ afọ nke ọchịchị, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

Mikhail Fedorovich ghọrọ mbụ Russian Tsar nke Romanov usoro ndị eze. Na njedebe nke February 1613, a ga-ahọpụta ya ịbụ onye na-achị alaeze Russia na Zemsky Sobor. O gh] ghŽ eze site n'ihe nketa,] b ghŽ site n'ike nke ike kama] b ghŽ nke nnwere onwe nke onwe ya. Mikhail Fedorovich bụ onye Chineke na ndị mmadụ hoputara, n'oge ahụ ọ dị nanị afọ iri na isii. Ọchịchị ya nọ n'oge siri ike. Mikhail Fyodorovich ghaghi idozi nsogbu aku na uba na nsogbu nke ochichi site na ochicho nke ihe ojoo: ime ka mba ahu si na ogbaaghara nke bu mgbe Nsogbu di iche iche, iwulite na ime ka onodu aku na uba mba di iche iche, iji chekwaa ala nke ala nna anyi. Ma ihe kachasị mkpa - ịhazi ma dozie ụlọ Romanovs n'ocheeze Russia.

Ọchịchị nke Romanovs. Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov

The Romanov ezinụlọ nwere Boyar Fedora Nikiticha, bụ onye mechara ghọọ onyeisi Filaret, na Xenia Ivanovna (Shestova), July 12, 1596 nwere nwa nwoke. Ha kpọrọ ya Michael. Romanov ezinụlọ metụtara na usoro ndị eze Rurikovich na bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu na a maara nke ọma na. Ezigbo ezinụlọ a nwere ọtụtụ ezumike ọ bụghị naanị n'ebe ugwu na Central Russia, kamakwa na Don na Ukraine. Na mbụ Michael biri na ndị mụrụ ya na Moscow, ma na 1601, ezinụlọ ya dara na ihere ma bụrụ ndị ihere. A gwara Boris Godunov nke na-achị achị n'oge ahụ na Romanovs na-akpa nkata ma chọọ igbu ya na potion magic. Mgbuchapụ ahụ bụ ozugbo - ọtụtụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke ezinụlọ Romanov jidere. Na June 1601 na a nzukọ nke ndị Boyar Duma mkpebi bụ: Fedor Nikitich na ụmụnne ya: Alexander, Michael, Vasily na Ivan - ga-efunahụ nke onwunwe, na-amanye bee a mọnk, a dọọrọ n'agha na a tụrụ mkpọrọ dị iche iche ebe dị anya site na isi obodo. A zitere Fedor Nikitich na ebe obibi ndị mọnk Antonievo-Siisky, nke dị na ebe tọgbọrọ n'efu, 165 okwu sitere na Arkhangelsk, n'akụkụ osimiri Dvina ahụ. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka a na-egbu nna nna Mikhail Fedorovich n'ime ndị mọnk ma kpọọ Filaret. Akpọrọ nne nke n'ọdịnihu autocrat, bụ Xenia Ivanovna, ebubo na ọ dị mkpa na mpụ megide ndị ọchịchị na-asọ oyi ma zigara ya n'ógbè Novgorod, na chọọchị Tol-Egorievsky, nke dị na Vazhitsky. N'ebe a, a na-egbu ya n'ime ndị nọn, a na-akpọ Martha ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ n'otu obere ụlọ nke nnukwu palisade gbara.

Nkọwa nke Mikhail Fedorovich ka Beloozero

Little Mikhail, bụ onye nọ n'oge ahụ n'afọ nke isii, dọrọ ya na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Tatyana Fedorovna na nwanne ya dị afọ asatọ, Martha Nikitichna Cherkasskaya, Ulyana Semyonova na Anastasia Nikitichna, na Beloozero. N'ebe ahụ, nwa okoro ahụ toro na ọnọdụ siri ike, enweghi nsogbu, kwenyeghị ya na mkpa ya. N'afọ 1603, Boris Godunov ji nwayọọ mee ka mkpebi ahụ dajụọ ma hapụ nne ya, Martha Ivanovna, ka ọ bịa Beloozero maka ụmụaka. Obere oge ka e mesịrị, autocrat kwere ka ndị njem ahụ gaa mpaghara Yuriev-Polsky, n'obodo Klin - bụ nna nke Romanov. N'afọ 1605, onye jidere ikike ezighi ezi M, na-achọ ịkwado mmekọrịta ya na Romanovs, laghachiri na Moscow ndị fọdụrụ n'ime ndị a dọọrọ n'agha, tinyere ezinụlọ Mikhail, na onwe ya. A na-enye Fyodor Nikitich Rostov Metropolitanate.

Nsogbu. Nnọchibido nke tsar n'ọdịnihu Moscow

N'oge siri ike site na 1606 rue 1610, iwu Vasily Shuisky. N'oge a, ọtụtụ ihe dị ịrịba ama mere na Russia. Karịsịa, mmegharị nke "ndị ohi", ọgba aghara ndị isi ala nke Mbụ. Bolotnikov, bilitere ma gbasasịa. Obere oge ka e mesịrị, o jikọtara ya na onye nduhie ọhụrụ, "Tushinsky thief" Ụgha Dmitry II. Ndi oru Polish malitere. Ndị agha nke Commonwealth Polish-Lithuanian weere Smolensk. Ụmụaka na-atụfu Shuisky n'ocheeze ahụ n'ihi na ọ kwadoro Vyborg Treaty na Sweden. N'okpuru nkwekọrịta a, ndị Swedes nakweere inyere Russia aka ịlụ ọgụ megide Ụgha Dmitry, ma nataghachi natara ógbè Kola. N'ụzọ dị mwute, njedebe nke Vyborg Treaty adịghị azọpụta Russia - ndị Poles meriri ndị Russia na Swedish agha na agha Klushin ma meghee ụzọ ha Moscow. N'oge a, nwa okorobịa, na-achị mba ahụ, ṅara iyi na ya na eze Eze Commonwealth Sigismund, Vladislav, na-akwado. Mba ahụ kewara abụọ. N'ime oge malite na 1610 ruo 1613, ọgba aghara na-ewu ewu na-emegide Polish. Na 1611 e hiwere ndị agha n'okpuru idu ndú nke Lyapunov, ma ọ e meriri ná mpụga Moscow. N'afọ 1612, e kere ndị agha abụọ. Ọ bụ D. Pozharsky na K. Minin na-edu ya. Ná ngwụsị nke oge okpomọkụ nke 1612 agha dị egwu, bụ nke ndị agha Russia meriri. Hetman Khodkevich laghachiri na Vorobyovy Gory. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke ọnwa Ọktoba, ndị agha Russia kpochapụrụ Moscow nke Ogige ndị biri na ya ma na-echere enyemaka Sigismund. Ndị agha Russia, gụnyere Mikhail Fedorovich na nne ya bụ Martha, wereghachị, agwụ agwụ na agụụ na ụkọ.

Mgbalị na igbu ọchụ nke Fyodor Mikhailovich

Mgbe agha Moscow sie ike, Mikhail Fedorovich hapụrụ Kostroma. Ebe a, ọdịnihu King alagbụrụkwaara ọnwụ n'aka nke a òtù nke okporo osisi na-nọrọ na Railway-Borovsky obibi ndị mọnk na-achọ a ụzọ Domnino. Onye nzoputa Michael Fedorovich onye oru ugbo Ivan Susanin, onye wepụtara onwe ya igosi ndi ozo di iche iche uzo di n'iru wee duru ha gaa na ndi ozo. Eze ga-abụ eze n'ọdịnihu wee gbaba n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk Yusupov. A na-ata Ivan Susanin ahụhụ, ma ọ dịghị mgbe ọ na-ekpughe ebe Romanov dị. Dika nwatakiri na nwata nke siri ike nke ugwo n'ọdịnihu, onye anapughi ike site na nne na nna ya mgbe odi afo ise, bu onye nwatakiri anumanu nke nwere nne na nna di ndu, nwere nsogbu nke ikewapu onwe ya site n'uwa, ihe ojoo nke nchichi na onwu.

Zemsky Sobor nke 1613 Nhoputa nke Alaeze Mikhail Fyodorovich

Mgbe ndị nwatakịrị ahụ gbapụrụ na ndị agha ndị agha nke Prince Pozharsky na-eduzi, e mere mkpebi banyere mkpa ọ dị ịhọrọ eze ọhụrụ. Na February 7, 1613, na nhoputa ndi nhoputa ndi ochichi, otu nwoke mara nma nke si na Galich nyere iwu ibuli nwa Filaret, Mikhail Fedorovich elu, n'oche eze. N'ime ndị niile na-enyocha ya, ọ nọ nso n'ezinụlọ Rurikovich site na njikọ. E zigara ọtụtụ ndị ozi na ọtụtụ obodo iji chọpụta echiche ndị mmadụ. Febụwarị 21, 1613 amazuru ntuli aka ikpeazụ. Ndị mmadụ kpebiri: "Ịbụ onyeisi nke Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov." Mgbe ha mere mkpebi dị otú a, ha kwadebere ụlọ ọrụ ndị nnọchiteanya ahụ iji gwa Mikhail Fedorovich banyere nhoputa ndi ochichi ya dịka tsar. March 14, 1613 nnọchiteanya, Bilie a edikan, bịara Ipatiev Obibi na tie brow nọn Martha. Ogologo nkwenye siri ike mesịrị mee nke ọma, Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov kwetara ịghọ eze. Nanị na May 2, 1613, ọ bụ nnukwu ọnụ ụzọ eze ahụ na Moscow - mgbe, n'uche ya, isi obodo na Kremlin dị njikere ịnakwere ya. Na July 11, a na-achị ọchịchị Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov ọhụrụ n'ocheeze ya. A na-eme ememe ncheta ahụ n'Ụlọ Katidral ahụ.

Mmalite nke ọchịchị nke eze

Mikhail Fedorovich weghaara mba gọọmentị, ndị a kpagburu, bibie ma bibie mba. N'oge nsogbu, ọ dị ndị mmadụ mkpa dịka autocrat dị otú ahụ - ịdị mma, ịma mma, ịdị nwayọọ, obiọma na mmesapụ aka n'otu oge àgwà ime mmụọ. Ka a sịkwa ihe mere ndị mmadụ ji kpọọ ya "obi umeala". Ụdị nke tsar nyere aka wusi ike nke ndị Romanovs. Ebumnuche nke Mikhail Fyodorovich na mmalite nke ọchịchị ya bụ iji weghachite iwu na mba ahụ. Otu ọrụ dị mkpa bụ iji kpochapụ ndị omekome nke ndị brigands, na-agbanye ebe niile. Na Cossack ataman Ivan Zarutskiy, a lụrụ agha n'ezie, nke mesịrị mebie n'agha na mmechi ya. Ajụjụ ndị nkịtị bụ nnukwu. N'afọ 1613, a kesara ala ndị ala na ndị nọ ná mkpa.

Mkpebi ndị dị mkpa dị mkpa - armistice na Sweden

Nkwupụta mba ọzọ nke Mikhail Fedorovich na-elekwasị anya n'ikpeazụ na Sweden na ịkwụsị agha na Poland. N'afọ 1617, e hiwere Stolbov Treaty. Akwụkwọ a kwụsịrị agha na Swedes, bụ nke mere afọ atọ. Ugbu a, e kewara alaeze Novgorod n'etiti alaeze Russia (obodo ndị a gbaghapụrụ: Veliky Novgorod, Ladoga, Gdov, Porkhov, Staraya Russa, na Sumer mpaghara) na Alaeze Sweden (o nwetara Ivangorod, Koporye, Yam, Korela, Oreshek, Neva). Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, Moscow aghaghị ịkwụ ụgwọ dị oké ọnụ ahịa nye Sweden - 20,000 ọlaọcha rubles. Ụwa Stolbov bipụrụ mba ahụ site n'Oké Osimiri Baltic, ma maka Moscow, ngwụsị nke a na-ejikọta ya na Poland.

Ọgwụgwụ nke agha Russo-Polish. Nweghachi nke onyeisi ndị isi na-eme

Agha Russo-Polish nọgidere na-enwe ọganihu dịgasị iche iche, malite na 1609. N'afọ 1616, ndị agha ndị agha, bụ ndị Vladislav Vaz na onye uwe ojii Yan Khodkevich na-edu, rutere ókèala Russia, na-achọ ịkwatu ocheeze nke Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Ọ nwere ike ịbịaru Mozhaisk, ebe a kwụsịtụrụ ya. Kemgbe 1618, ndị agha sonyeere ndị agha nke Ukraine Cossacks na hetman P. Sagaidachny n'isi. Ha na-agbakọta ọnụ na mwakpo ahụ na Moscow, mana o gosipụtara na ọ gaghị eme nke ọma. Ngwongwo osisi ndị ahụ na-apụ apụ ma nọrọ nso n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk dị na Atọ n'Ime Otu-Sergius. N'ihi ya, ndị ọzọ kwetara na ha ga-enwe mkparịta ụka, na obodo Deulino na December 11, 1618, a bịanyere aka n'ịbanye na truce, nke na-eme ka agha Russia na Polish kwụsị. Usoro nke nkwekọrịta ahụ abaghị uru, mana gọọmentị Russia kwetara ịnakwere ha, ịkwụsị enweghị ike ime obodo na iwughachi mba ahụ. N'okpuru nkwekọrịta ahụ, Russia dị ala na Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Roslavl, Dorogobuzh, Smolensk, Novgorod-Seversky, Chernigov, Sereisk na obodo ndị ọzọ. N'okwu mkparita uka a, e kpebiri igbanwe ndi a dọtara n'agha. Na July 1, 1619 na osimiri Polyanykov ka e mere mgbanwe nke ndị mkpọrọ, Filaret, nna eze, mesịrị laghachi n'ala nna ya. Oge ụfọdụ mgbe e mesịrị, a họpụtara ya ịbụ onye nna ochie.

Ike abụọ. Mkpebi amamihe nke ndị ọchịchị abụọ nke ala Russia

E guzobere ike abụọ a na-akpọ dual n'ọchịchị Russia. Ya na nna-nna-nna-ukwu, Mikhail Fedorovich malitere ịchị obodo ahụ. O, dika eze n'onwe ya, nyere aha nke "eze uku". Mgbe ọ dị afọ 28, Mikhail Fedorovich lụrụ Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukaya. Otú ọ dị, otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ nwụrụ. Oge nke abụọ, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich lụrụ Evdokia Lukyanovna Streshneva. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ nke njikọ ndụ ọ mụrụ ya ụmụ iri. N'ozuzu, iwu Mikhail Fedorovich na Filaret bụ iji mee ka ike dị iche iche, weghachi akụ na ụba ma jupụta akụ. Na June 1619, e kpebiri na a ga-anakọta ụtụ isi site n'ala ndị mebiri emebi maka akwụkwọ sentinel ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ edemede. E kpebiri imepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ ọzọ iji kwado kpọmkwem ụtụ ụtụ isi. E zigara ndị odeakwụkwọ na ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na mpaghara ahụ. N'oge ọchịchị nke Mikhail Romanov maka mmụba nke usoro ụtụ isi, akwụkwọ akwụkwọ edemede jikọtara okpukpu abụọ. Kemgbe afọ 1620, gọọmentị na ndị okenye, bụ ndị gbasoro usoro a, họpụtara na mpaghara.

Mweghachi nke Moscow

N'oge ọchịchị nke Mikhail Fyodorovich ji nwayọọ nwayọọ weghachite isi obodo na obodo ndị ọzọ ebibi n'oge Oge Nsogbu. N'afọ 1624, e wuru ụlọ ntu na otu elekere na Spassky Tower, e wuru Filaretovskaya belfry. Na 1635-1636, e wuru ebe obibi nkume maka tsar na ụmụ ya n'ebe ndị agadi osisi. N'akụkụ ahụ site na Nikolsky ruo Ọnụ Ụzọ Spassky, e wuru chọọchị 15. Na mgbakwunye na iweghachi obodo ndị ahụ e bibiri emebi, iwu nke Mikhail Romanov bụ iji tinyekwuo ndị ohu ala ohu. N'afọ 1627, e kere iwu ka ndị isi wee nyefee ala ha site na ihe nketa (n'ihi na nke a dị mkpa iji jeere tsar). Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a chọpụtara afọ ise maka nchịkọta ndị na-adịghị ahụ anya, nke dị na 1637 ruo afọ 9, na 1641 - ruo afọ 10.

Okike nke ndi agha agha

Akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọrụ nke Mikhail Fedorovich bụ ihe e ji kee ndị agha ụwa. Na 30-afọ. Na narị afọ nke 17, e nwere "usoro nke usoro ihe ọhụrụ." Ha gụnyere ụmụaka ndị na-azụ ụmụ na ndị nweere onwe ha, a nabatara ndị mba ọzọ maka ọnọdụ ndị isi. N'afọ 1642, ọzụzụ nke ndị agha na-amalite iwu mba ọzọ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a malitere ịkụzi ndị Reiters, ndị agha 'na ndị agha ịnyịnya ibu. Ọzọkwa, e guzobere usoro nchịkọta ndị Moscow abụọ, nke e mesịrị kpọọ Lefortovsky na Butyrsky (site n'ógbè ndị ha nọ na ya).

Development nke ụlọ ọrụ

Na mgbakwunye na ịmepụta ndị agha, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov gbalịrị ịzụlite nkà dị iche iche na mba ahụ. Gọọmentị malitere ịkpọ ndị ọrụ mmepụta ihe-ndị mba ọzọ (ndị agha rudoznattsy, ndị na-emepụta ihe, ndị na-eji égbè) eme ihe. Na Moscow, e hiwere ntọala Germany, ebe ndị injinia na ndị agha si mba ọzọ nọ na-arụ ọrụ. N'afọ 1632, e wuru osisi maka ịkwanye cores na egbe na Tula. E mepụtara mmepụta ákwà: Velvet Court mepere na Moscow. N'ebe a ka a kụziiri azụmahịa ahụ. Na Kadashevskaya Sloboda, e mepụtara oru textile.

Kama ikpebi

Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 49. O mere na July 12, 1645. Ihe si n'aka oru gọọmenti bụ mmesi obi ike nke steeti, nchegbu site na Nsogbu, ịmepụta ikike nke ike, ịkwalite ọdịmma, iweghachi akụ na ụba, ụlọ ọrụ na ahia. N'oge ọchịchị nke Romanov mbụ, a kwụsịrị agha na Sweden na Poland, nakwa, na mgbakwunye, agbakwunyere mmekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mba Europe.