Tu-143: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e kere eke. Description of na-ewu

The mkpa maka ọgụgụ isi n'azụ iro edoghi ke ufọt ufọt fifties, n'oge mmalite nke see okwu n'etiti ndị United States na Soviet Union for a kasị itie ke ererimbot, achoputala mkpa nke unmanned ugbo elu. Ugbu a nke manned ngwá bụ na ọrụ na ọtụtụ mba nke ụwa na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ya-eto eto. Ma ole na ole ndị mmadụ mara na ebe omumu nke "smart" ugbo elu, nke na-eji ruo ugbu a, bụ Soviet Union, eke pụtara ìhè nyoputa onyeiro ugbo ala dị ka tu-123, tu-143, tu-141.

Olee otú ọ na niile malitere?

Oge ochie ojiji nke unmanned ugbo ala n'ụdị balloons napụta bombs Austrian agha nọchigide na Venice e dere 1849 afọ. Ọkara otu narị afọ, Nikola naa e mere na-emejuputa atumatu na omume, a na redio na-achịkwa ụgbọ mmiri. Na na 1910 na US agha engineer Charles Kettering e wuru na-anwale ọtụtụ ihe nke unmanned keikuku ugbo ala (UAVs), ma ndị bara uru ngwa na ha achọtaghi.

Zitere na-akara site na mmepe nke onwe-jisiri technology reusable na UK. Ke ukem a mepụtara, na Soviet Union mmebe Nikitin kere torpedo-ngwe na ọbụna ndị e mere a torpedo na a nso nke 100 km, ma ka na-anọgide na akwụkwọ. Na 1940, German ọkà mmụta sayensị mepụtara ụgbọ agha, akpa eji ọgụ, na ugboelu engine.

Ọ bụ nanị mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ malitere na ogwe aka agbụrụ na ubi nke unmanned n'etiti mba nke Warsaw mmeko na NATO, n'ihi na nke a ka na-eji UAVs, gụnyere "Flight" tu-143.

Ụzọ UAV "Flight"

Na 1956, mba nke Organization of na Warsaw mmeko sitere agha banyere Hungary-ebelata mgbochi Kọmunist echiche. Na otu oge Tupolev kere backroom "K", onye ọrụ bụ ịzụlite ngwaahịa "C". A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ndị Council nke Ozi nke USSR na ụgbọelu mkpa telegram abịarute nkewa dị ka "nzuzo" na readiness nke ụgbọ elu ule ihe "C" nke-anọ nkeji iri na ise nke 1958.

N'okpuru ezoro ezo ngwaahịa zoro ezo e kere eke nke UAVs. emepe emepe echiche bụ AN Tupolev. Secret ngwaahịa bụ a metal monoplane na kpochapụ nku udi. N'oge na-adịghị ngo dị njikere maka ujo unmanned usoro ike nke na a anya nke 10 puku. Km nke ịnapụta ngwá agha nuklia, ma ọ dịghị emejuputa atumatu oru site na iji nke na NS Khrushchev.

Intelligence ngwa onwe-piloting "egbe" tu-123, nke ghọrọ ụzọ nke tu-143, mere ya mbụ ụgbọ elu na 1961. N'adịghị ka ndị agha ugbo elu, ọ bụ na ndị pụta ìhè akụkụ nke ihe owuwu nwere ọgụgụ isi ngwa, kama a nuclear warhead.

Ezughị Okè "egbe" na iji "Reis"

A mbụ mwepu mata na ule tu-123 ígwè okpomọkụ mwute fotolyuki nke na ugbo elu ọsọ nke 2700 km / h kpuchie cracks. Nsogbu a, Soviet injinia kpebiri iji zuo nke Brazil quartz ájá na-asị na nke ya ojiji na ụlọọgwụ. Ọ bụ site na nke a akụrụngwa e nwetara okpomọkụ na-eguzogide iko, mgbe ahụ, elu-edu oyiyi.

The abụọ mwepu bụ na-ezughị okè imewe nke "egbe", nke na-arụ ọrụ na-nọgidere na-enwe naanị ngwá ogige, na ike nke UAV ndị disposable. The mba ndú ghọtara mkpa maka mmepe nke a napụtara unmanned mgbagwoju ọgụgụ isi. E mesịrị kpọrọ ndị "Flight" tu-143. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke UAV amalite na ntinye nke Allied agha n'ime Czechoslovakia na okwu ndị ndú nke ndị Soviet Union a ọrụ ọhụrụ Tupolev banyere ụlọ napụtara a nyoputa onyeiro UAV.

Creation nke "Reis"

Arụ ọrụ na mmejuputa iwu-nke ọhụrụ ị nweta na ubi nke UAVs gwụrụ ngwa ngwa. Mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, "Flight" esesịn mere ya mbụ ụgbọ elu. Mgbe 4 afọ nke ule na mma, ke 1976, adiaha a set nke nakweere Soviet agha. Irè management nke kenkwucha ọgụgụ isi - dị ka ji na tu-143 agha. Production nke prototypes na ego nke 10 iberibe e rere Bashkiria na 1973. N'oge na-adịghị malitere Oghere Usoro mmepụta nke ọhụrụ mgbagwoju. N'ihi na 10 afọ (ruo mgbe 1980) na-emepụta a ngụkọta nke 950 iberibe.

Ntọhapụ nke mgbagwoju e mezuru na abụọ nsụgharị: mbụ - na foto akụrụngwa; nke abụọ - na telivishọn. Ke adianade do, UAV e onwem na radieshon nchọpụta n'aka. Na 1985, na ndabere nke "Reis" Tupolev injinia kere a lekwasịrị na ihe ịga nke ọma na-agafe obodo ule.

Invulnerability ikuku chebe onwe - akụkụ a nke tu-143. N'iji 6 mba bụ "Flight": na USSR, Iraq, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Syria, Romania. Ugbu a, ọ bụ na Ukraine na Russia.

aka

N'oge kenkwucha ụgbọ elu nyoputa onyeiro mgbagwoju emepụta efe n'elu foto nke retaining data na foto film. Maka arụmọrụ ihe aga-eme na-eji na Tu-143 TV akụrụngwa. Ma ụdị nke na ọgụgụ isi eme e rụrụ n'oge uwemeyo. The anya na-ekpebi ịdị omimi nke penetration nke UAV na onye iro n'azụ, e ji egosi na 60-70 km.

The "ụgbọ elu" nke mgbagwoju:

• Malite na a onwe-propelled na a ifufe ọsọ nke bụghị ihe karịrị 15 m / s.
• Mission Control na-enyemaka nke ihe akpaghị aka na-osisi usoro (Absu).
• Nwere ike kenyere ụgbọ elu ụzọ.
• Collection na ichebe nke ọgụgụ isi na-enyemaka nke foto na telivishọn akụrụngwa.
• Ekwe omume nke ịchọpụta na ụzarị ọkụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.
• Nnyefe nke data na a nyere ebe na site a ọwa redio n'ala iwu posts.

Tu-143: ewu nkọwa

UAV "Flight" nwere ihe pụrụ iche Njirimara radiozametnosti. lt Kulikov, otu n'ime ndị isi na-emepụta chọrọ ime ihe pụrụ iche nchebe. Kiel, nku Atụmatụ, na parachute akpa, imi nke ugbo elu na-mere nke na-abụghị dara ihe. Ọ bụ ike nweta invulnerability ọgụgụ isi mgbagwoju.

Structurally, na ngwa fuselage mejupụtara nkebi anọ: ụta, onboard ngwá, a mmanụ ụgbọala tank, na engine nacelle na parachute akpa. Na pụta ìhè akụkụ nke mgbagwoju odude nyoputa onyeiro akụrụngwa. The ogige ka nke faiba glaasi na-enye maka fotolyuka.

UAV ala ruru tricycle ọdịda gia. Front support idu ke nkebi nke abụọ, na ndị ọzọ na abụọ dị site nku ogwe. Breeki na akuku parachutes zubere maka damping kwụ na vetikal ọdịda ọsọ.

nrigbu

Nyoputa onyeiro mgbagwoju eji na Afghanistan na agha na Lebanon. Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke UAVs ịnọgide na ókèala nke Ukraine.

Na 2001 ọ bụ mwute ikpe iji tr-143 maka ọzụzụ dị ka a lekwasịrị anya. Airliner tu-154 jiri mgbe, nke gburu 80 ndị mmadụ. Ihe kpatara ya bụ elezighị hit agha mere maka UAV "Flight."

Lee Tu-143 (ufodu), dị ka a ẹnịm ngosi o kwere omume na ndị dị otú ahụ:

• The Aviation Museum na Kiev.
• Museum nke na ngwá agha na ngwá agha Spadshchansky Forest.
• Na obodo nke Khmelnitsky.
• Prague Aviation Museum.
• Museum. Sakharov.
• Central Airport na Moscow.
• Museum nke Air Force na Monino.

Tu-143: LTH

• Arọ - 1230 n'arọ.
• Ogologo - 8,06 m.
• Elu - 1.545 m.
• Nku-adịru - 2,24 m.
• Nku Area - 2.9 m ^2.
• Kacha nta elu - 10 mita.
• ụgbọ elu oge - 13 nkeji.
• Engine Type - TRD TR3-117.
• Omimi nke edinam - 95 km.
• Oke ọsọ - 950 km / h.