Ụdị mmadụ homonụ na ha ọrụ. Nyochara on homonụ

Ahụ mmadụ - bụ a mgbagwoju usoro, nke rụrụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke arụmọrụ. A ịrịba ama ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị na nzukọ nke ahụ mmadụ homonụ play ọrụ. Na-akpali maka Biochemical Filiks, nke na-emepụta site na endocrine glands. E nwere dị iche iche nke homonụ, ma onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere a kpọmkwem ọrụ.

nhazi ọkwa nke homonụ

Dabere na chemical Ọdịdị, ịmata ihe dị iche ndị a na ụdị homonụ. Protein-peptide otu agwakọta ihe nzuzo nke a glands ka pituitary, hypothalamus, pancreatic homonụ na parathyroid. Iji ụdị bụ nke ya na calcitonin, nke na-emepụta site na thyroid gland. amino acid nkwekọrịta gụnyere ìgwè nke abụọ (nọrepinefrini na epinephrine, thyroxine, wdg). E nwere ụdị nke steroid homonụ. Ha na-synthesized isi na gonads, na adrenal gland (estrogen, progesterone). Homonụ abụọ mbụ dị iche iche tumadi maka metabolic Filiks anyị ahu. Steroid homonụ ịchịkwa otu di iche iche nke anụ ahụ mmepe na mmeputakwa usoro. Dabere na mgbaàmà nnyefe usoro nke secretion sel, ịmata ihe dị iche lipophilic na hydrophilic homonụ. The mbụ nwere ike mfe banye n'ime site na cell akpụkpọ ahụ n'ime ya ntọala. Nke ikpeazụ na-eke agbụ na-anabata ya elu nke bughi mmewere, malite na njikọ nke a na-akpọ molekụla ogbugbo. Characteristically, na hydrophilic homonụ na-ebu site n'ọbara na jikọtara ya lipophilic edozi na-ebu.

Endocrine usoro

N'ihi ya, bụ set nke niile glands na akụkụ ke ahụ mmadụ na secrete kpọmkwem biologically ifịk ifịk mmiri - homonụ. Endocrine usoro bụ maka ọtụtụ Filiks, mgbe huu nkịtị mmepe nke organism. Ọ nachi chemical Jeremaya mere na n'ịwa ike na-emetụta ndị-emetụta akparamàgwà mmadụ obi ala nke a onye. Site na endocrine usoro agụnye thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, pituitary na pineal gland, adrenal glands, hypothalamus. Ọ na-agụnye na akụkụ dị ka testes, ovaries. All homonụ na-eme kpọmkwem n'ime ọbara ma ọ bụ Lymph. Ọ bụla malfunction nke endocrine usoro nwere ike ime ka oké njọ nke ọrịa (ọrịa shuga, akpụ Filiks, ibu oké ibu, hyper na hypothyroidism
).

Anụ ahụ homonụ, ha na ụdị na-arụ ọrụ

Nke a na ụdị hormone emepụta ke idem anụ ahụ, na mmetụta ha na-emekarị obodo. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị a homonụ nwere ike tinye n'ọbara. Histamine - a umi na-eme si a isi ọrụ omume nke nfụkasị Jeremaya. Mgbe nọ n'ọrụ, ọ na-akpata vasodilation na enwekwu ha permeability. Histamine na-enyere iji belata muscle nke eriri afọ, nwere ike ime ka apịajighị apịaji na bronchi. Serotonin nwere ihe emereme: constrict arịa, ha permeability mbelata. Na-akpọ hormone nke obi ụtọ. Ọ bụrụ na ya mmepe nkịtị, a mmadụ nwere a ọma na ọnọdụ, ọ na-enwe a anya nke ike. Na histamine, serotonin, na na-ifịk ke nnyefe nke gboo ka ụbụrụ. Kinins - ọzọ anụ ahụ homonụ. Ha na ụdị na-arụ ọrụ ndị dị ka ndị. Nanopeptid, kallidin, T-kinin, bradykinin (lowers ọbara mgbali) - ha niile na-adaba n'ọbara, na-eme mbufụt mgbaàmà. Ndị a homonụ na-aka na ụkpụrụ ọbara ekesa. Ọzọ udi nke biologically ifịk anụ ahụ nzuzo - prostaglandins. Ha na-emetụta ire ụtọ muscle nke akụkụ, belata secretion nke gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ. Control cell nkewa bekee ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka chalones. Ọzọ ụdị anụ ahụ homonụ - gastrin, secretin.

The thyroid gland. Types of homonụ na ha ọrụ

Nke a ahu nwere udi nke a urukurubụba na-emi odude ke n'olu (n'ihu). The arọ nke ya dịtụ obere - banyere 20 grams. Regulation nke mmekọahụ ọrụ (mmeputakwa), na digestive usoro, metabolic Filiks, ịnọgide na-enwe a nkịtị-emetụta akparamàgwà mmadụ obi na ala - niile a na-achịkwa thyroid homonụ. Ụdị ha na-esonụ. Thyroxine, triiodothyronine - nnọọ mkpa na nzuzo na-akpatara ụmụ mmadụ ọrịa. N'ihi na a kpụrụ ha, ga-ezigbo oriri nke ayodiin. The edinam ndị a homonụ ndị yiri, ma ihe-arụsi ọrụ ike triiodothyronine. Mbụ niile, ndị a bekee na-aka na metabolism nke ike. Ha na-emetụta obi muscle, eriri afọ, Central ụjọ usoro. Ọzọkwa, ndị a na ụdị homonụ na-ewere akụkụ na mmepe nke dum organism, ndị maturation nke omumu usoro. Calcitonin bụ maka na larịị nke calcium na ọbara, nakwa dị ka na-ewere akụkụ dị na mmiri-electrolyte metabolism. Ezughi oke mmepụta nke thyroid hormone na-eduga ná ngwa ngwa mmadụ ike ọgwụgwụ, lethargy, niile metabolic Filiks na-kwụsịlata. Ọ bụrụ na ha na-emepụta na ngafe, o kwere omume na-edebe ọrụ na ịṅụbiga excitability.

Analysis nke homonụ nke na-amịpụta thyroid

Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ hụrụ mgbanwe dị ka ibu fluctuations (ma ọ bụ a nkọ set nke arọ ọnwụ), na nsogbu na-enwe agụụ mmekọahụ, cessation nke ịhụ nsọ, na-egbu oge mmepe (psychological) na ụmụ, na-n'aka idepụta a ọbara ule maka homonụ na-emepụta site na thyroid gland. N'ihi ya nnyefe ga-akwadebe na a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche. Ọ kasị mma na-amachi ọ bụla ọrụ ahụ ụbọchị tupu ule. Ọ bụkwa uru iji kpochapụ mmanya, kọfị, ụtaba (ọbụna otu ụbọchị). Blood nlele emee ke usenubọk, na ihe efu afo. Thyroid homonụ nwere ike dị na ibikwa na free ala. Ya mere, n'oge ọmụmụ chọpụta ego nke free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyrotropin, na larịị nke-alụso ọrịa ọgụ na thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin. Dị ka a na-achị, na-amụ na-ewe otu ụbọchị. Dabere na pụta nwetara anyị nwere ike ikwu banyere otu ọrịa.

Parathyroid gland na ya nzuzo

Na azụ elu nke thyroid gland bụ obere, nke a na-akpọ parathyroid. Ha na-aka kpọmkwem na mgbanwe nke calcium na site na ahụ. Dabere na akpan akpan onye, ígwè nwere ike a ntupu-ụdị, alveolar ma ọ bụ dị ka a siri ike uka. Ọ synthesizes parathyroid hormone, nke, dị ka calcitonin atụ ke calcium metabolism. Ọ na-emetụta ya na skeletal usoro, eriri afọ, na akụrụ. Ọ bụrụ na mmepụta nke parathyroid hormone na-agbajikwa, e nwere ike ịbụ ọrịa uche, ọkpụkpụ nsogbu, calcification nke esịtidem akụkụ, ọbara arịa. Mgbe gipoparaterioze apụta muscle cramps, obi ọnụego quickens, e nwere ike isi ọwụwa. Ọ bụrụ na i nwere ndị a ihe mgbaàmà i nwere ike mkpa a ọbara ule maka parathyroid hormone. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ọdịnaya enwekwu larịị nke calcium na ọbara, na dị ka a na ya pụta, na-akpata ọkpụkpụ fragility.

The homonụ na-emepụta site na adrenal glands

Adrenal - a ụzọ nke ozu nke na-ewekarị na n'elu nke akụrụ. Ndị a na ụdị homonụ na ha na ọrụ ndị dị ka ndị. Cortex glands arụpụta bekee nke mezie mgbanwe nke nri na mineral. Ọzọkwa, ụdị homonụ ịchịkwa larịị nke glucose. Brain Ball adrenal synthesizes epinephrine na nọrepinefrini. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ha na-emepụta na ike ntiwapụ nke mmetụta uche (egwu, ihe ize ndụ). Mgbe data homonụ tinye ọbara, mụbara ọbara mgbali, obi ọnụego quickens, enwekwu excitability ihe nnabata akụkụ nke ntị. N'ihi ya, ahụ na-akwadebe maka mkpa ịkwaga a nrụgide ọnọdụ. The adrenal glands na-emepụta glucocorticoid homonụ (cortisol) na-achịkwa carbohydrate metabolism. Ha ịta na-adabere na oge nke ụbọchị: karịa ego nke cortisol a hụrụ na banyere 6 elekere. Homonụ mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) mezie nnu mgbanwe. Ekele ha, ọmụmụ nọgidere ke idem. Ọzọkwa dịpụrụ adịpụ adrenal androgens dị ka androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Ha mezie sebaceous glands etolite libido. Na analysis of ọbara ahụ na adrenal homonụ larịị ichoputa DEA. High ya ọdịnaya nwere ike nnweta gland etuto ahụ. Ọzọkwa, onye na ngafe nke a hormone na-eduga ná akwa ya pụta n'oge ime (ọpụpụ, nwa nri, na Plasenta nsogbu). Ọ bụrụ na e nwere mkpesa banyere ụba ntutu ibu tupu mmalite oge uto, ịhụ nsọ ọrịa, muscle adịghị ike - ike mkpa a ọbara ule maka cortisol.

Pancreas. Types of homonụ na ha ọrụ

E wezụga eziokwu na ndị pancreas e ifịk ke Filiks nke mgbaze, ọ na-arụpụta homonụ na dị oké mkpa maka nkịtị ahu ọrụ. All nke ha na-ada ozugbo n'ime ọbara mmadụ. Nke a na-emepụta ndị a na ụdị homonụ: insulin, c-peptide, glucagon. Isi ọrụ nke insulin - eji larịị nke sugar. Bụrụ na nke mebiri ya njikọ Filiks nwere ike ịzụlite arịa ọrịa shuga. Insulin na-emetụta mmepụta nke nọ n'ọrụ ogige nke eriri afọ tract, estrogen njikọ. O nwere ike ịbụ na ahụ nke free na ibikwa ụdị. Ọ bụrụ na ego nke insulin bụ ezughi oke, usoro nke n'ịtụgharị glucose n'ime abụba na glycogen kụrie. N'ihi ya ahụ pụrụ ịnọ na-nsị (e.g., acetone). Glucagon - bụkwa ihe dị mkpa anyị ahu. Ọrụ ọ na usoro nke lipolysis, enwekwu ọbara glucose etoju. Ọzọkwa na ọ mbelata larịị nke calcium na ọbara site. Types of pancreatic hormone edinam bụ anya oyiri. N'ihi na ha jikọtara mmetụta dịgidere ihe kacha larịị nke glucose.

Ọrụ nke pituitary homonụ

Pituitary - endocrine gland, nke ndị mejupụtara a n'ihu ma a n'azụ òkè, na a obere akụkụ therebetween. The ahụ ji naanị 0,5 grams, ma ọrụ na-rụrụ pụtara mkpa. The pituitary gland synthesizes ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke mmadụ homonụ. Adrenocorticotropic mkpọtụ akpali adrenal cortex. Ọ na-emetụta guzobe melanin. Luteinizing hormone na-emetụta ndị kwesịrị ekwesị ịrụ ọrụ nke omumu usoro. N'ihi ya akpali ovulation mepụtara, androgens. Thyroid hormone secretion nrụtụ thyroid biologically ifịk bekee. Somatotropin e ifịk ke uto nke organism na protein njikọ. Ọ nwere ike na-emetụta larịị nke glucose, lipids ire ere. Nke a hormone bụ maka nkịtị anụ ahụ mmepe nke ahụ mmadụ. Ịba ya larịị na-eduga ná gigantism. Ọ bụrụ na ibu hormone bụ n'okpuru nkịtị (na ụmụ), ndị hụrụ stunting. Site n'ụzọ, dị iche iche iche iche nke ibu hormone (sịntetik) eji mbuso dwarfism, dịkwuo uka na-eme egwuregwu. Prolactin - isi mmiri ọgwụ na-ahụ maka mmiri ara ehi mmepụta ke inyom. Ọzọkwa, ekele ya ọgbọ n'oge ara na-adịghị na-esonụ afọ ime emee. N'etiti n'ọnụ ọnụ na-emepụta melanotropin. Posterior n'ọnụ ọnụ na-amị ndị a na ụdị mmadụ homonụ dị ka oxytocin, vasopressin. The mbụ na-akwalite contractions nke akpanwa, e nwere mmepụta nke colostrum. Vasopressin akpali uru nke akụkụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka eriri afọ ya, akpanwa, ọbara arịa.

Gonads

Ovaries na testes emepụta mmekọahụ homonụ. Ụdị ha na-esonụ. Mbụ, ha na-ekewa n'ime nwoke na nwaanyị. Otú ọ dị, obere nwere ike ugbu a, na ndị na-abụghị mmekọahụ. Types of nwoke homonụ: testosterone, androsterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenediol. Ha niile na-enye mmepe nke mmekọahụ ji mara dị ka a bụ isi na sekọndrị. Ọ ga-kwuru na ha larịị anaghị anabata ndị dị otú ahụ vibrations tụnyere inyom nzuzo. Ekele testosterone induces mmepụta nke agbapụ ọmụmụ, chụpụrụ site mma na-abụghị mmekọahụ. Ọzọkwa akpan mepụtara mọzụlụ, ọkpụkpụ, e nwere ihe e ji mara nwoke olu pitch. Ndị ọzọ ụdị steroid homonụ (eg, DHT) inye nwoke omume, nakwa dị ka ihe e ji mara n'ile anya: ntutu ibu ụfọdụ ebe nke ahu Ọdịdị. Ụdị nwanyi homonụ na-: progesterone, estrogen, prolactin (pituitary gland).
Progesterone na-emepụta site na corpus luteum. Nke a bụ na ígwè na-guzobere mgbe ovulation. Ọ rụrụ na-esonụ na ọrụ: ọ na-eme ka uto nke akpanwa, na-eme ka o kwe omume ovum (nke nwere akwa)-dịrị ya oghere. Progesterone akwadebe a nwaanyị na-atụrụ ime na-emekwa ka nwa-amị. Ọ bụrụ na ego nke hormone bụ ezughị, na ịhụ nsọ okirikiri na-agbajikwa, e nwere ike na-agba ọbara. Ahụhụ si na ala etoju nke progesterone na obi na steeti: dị ka a na-achị, a nwaanyị na-ata ahụhụ si na mberede ọnọdụ swings. Mụbara hormone ozo nwere ike na-egosi ma a ime ma ọ bụ banyere malignancy. Estrogen - kpọmkwem ụdị nke homonụ na nwanyi. Ndị a gụnyere estradiol, estrone, estriol. Ndị bekee na-ahụ maka guzobe nke nwanyi ụdị ọgụgụ, melite akpụkpọ ụda ma elasticity. Ke adianade a, homonụ nke ụdị-eme ka ndị nkịtị eruba nke ịhụ nsọ. Ha na-echebe ọbara arịa si ìgwè lipid ihe e dere ede, na-eme ka uto nke ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ, na-egbu oge ya calcium, site. Mgbe larịị nke estrogen bụ ezughi oke, e nwere a nwoke ụkpụrụ nke ajị ahụ, anụ n'oge ịka nká, dum n'ịkpa ngafe ibu ke afo, n'úkwù, ọkpukpu-aghọ ihe na-emebi emebi.

A ọbara ule na ọdịnaya nke mmekọahụ homonụ

Nyochara on homonụ na-agụnye ọbara analysis maka ya ọdịnaya nke mmekọahụ na nzuzo. Kenye ya, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere nsogbu ndị dị adị :. ịhụ nsọ nsogbu, enweghi ike atụrụ ime a nwa, ime ọpụpụ ime wdg Men dị otú ahụ analysis gosiri na ikpe nke-enyo enyo akpụ Filiks infertility. Ọbara ga-ụtụtụ, ị nwere ike ghara iri nri n'ihu ya. Na eve nke uru nye elu ụtaba na mmanya, ikike mmega. The nwaanyị kwesịrị-ahọrọ nri oge inye a ọbara sample, dị ka larịị nke homonụ na-adabere na ụbọchị nke ịhụ nsọ okirikiri. N'otu oge anyị na-amụ ọtụtụ egosi. Ọdịnaya nke follicle-akpali akpali hormone na karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egosi na omume nke ovulation. Na ndị mmadụ, hormone na-akwalite uto nke seminiferous tubules na-emetụta ịta nke testosterone. Na nchoputa nke infertility elekwasị lyuteinizirueschemu hormone. Na ndị inyom, ọ bụ maka na maturation nke follicle, ovulation, guzobere ndị dị otú ahụ a gland ka corpus luteum. Ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-atụrụ ime na-enyocha egosi nke follicle-akpali akpali hormone na lyuteinizirueschego na mgbagwoju. Ọ rụrụ a ọbara ule na ọnụnọ nke a ụfọdụ ego nke prolactin. Na omume nke ovulation ọgụ ike. Mụkwaara ọbara testosterone. Ọ bụ ugbu a na ahụ na ma sexes. Ọ bụrụ na ya ịrụ ọrụ bụ n'okpuru nkịtị na ndị mmadụ, spam quality-adị njọ. Ọzọkwa, ọ ga-ezighị-emetụta ndị potency. Na ndị inyom, ngafe testosterone nwere ike ime ka ime ọpụpụ.