Ụgbọelu "White Swan" Tu-160: nkọwa, nkọwa,

Russian ụgbọelu "White Swan" - a igwe e Tupolev bụ nke klas nke agha ugbo elu. M anakọtara n'oge Union. Ọtụtụ ụgbọala na-arụ ọrụ a ụbọchị. A akụkụ pụrụ iche nke a nlereanya bụ agbanwe jiometrị nku. Ndị klas nke ogwe aka na-ezo aka atụ bọmbụ. Dị ka ihe niile Tupolev igwe, m nwetara ya "tu" na aha. Full aha ụzụ Data - Tu-160.

N'oge, na ugbo elu mmepụta kwụsịrị, ma na media site n'oge ruo n'oge e nwere asịrị na ọ ga-ọhụrụ, na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ niile innovations na nmepe ẹdude na ugbu a.

Proper aha ...

Ụgbọelu "White Swan" - naanị klas nke dum Russian ụgbọelu, nwetara aha ya. Ikekwe nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ndị dị otú ụgbọ elu ke Russia abụghị nke ukwuu. Ma eleghị anya, na ọ bụ na exclusivity, ma onye ọ bụla "White Swan" na-nwere ya aha. Ndị a bụ aha nke ama ama ụgbọelu (Tu-160 "Valery Chkalov") fairytale dike (Tu-160 "Ilya Muromets"), ma ọ bụ a maara nke ọma na-emepụta na mmeri.

18

-Akpali mmasị, na ugbo ala na na-osisi "18" na CB abụọ nọmba. N'ihi na oge mbụ na osisi ụlọ natara mbụ ụgbọ elu nlereanya. Ọ ama on 18 December 1981. The abụọ ụgbọelu anakọtara maka static nwere, na ọ bụghị-akpọlite na ikuku. The ọzọ ugbo elu (atọ) ghọkwara a ụgbọ elu ụkpụrụ.

The abụọ ụgbọala ahụ ya onboard "18" nọmba bịara mgbe mmalite nke Oghere Usoro mmepụta. Ọ natara ya aha "Andrei Tupolev." Dị ka emeputa (Kazan) mechaa kpara mweghachi na 2013.

Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na oge na-emeri na ụgbọelu, "White Swan", dị ka ọ na-akpọ mgbe, bụ ọnụ ahịa a otutu ego, ma e mepụtara naanị maka mkpa nke ndị Soviet Union, otú echiche nke seriality ebe i nwere ike iji a gbatia. Iji mbupụ ihe nlereanya a na-adịghị ọnọ.

Ma ìgwè ewu na atụrụ bụ nnukwu?

Tupu etinyewe ozugbo na ụgbọ elu e ji mara na ike nke ngwá agha, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru, n'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ na-abụghị serial ụdị, ebe a na ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Nwere mmasị na ajụjụ nke otú ọtụtụ ugbo elu, "White Swan" na Russia, o nwere ike na-echeta na ụgbọala malitere izukọta na ụbọchị nke Union na nwere ike ikpokọta a ụbọchị, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere a n'otu. Ma, ya na ida nke Union mmepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nzukọ na kwụsịrị ebe a. Ya mere, ọ anakọtara a ngụkọta nke 35 igwe na-enwe ike ighota na ikuku n'etiti ha - na iji nke ịdị ukwuu na-erughị. Ma dị ka ụfọdụ media akụkọ, na Russian Defense Ministry ezube dịkwuo "swans" nsoro 50 nkeji. Yana a bụ modernization ochie ígwè ọrụ, nakwa dị ka ọhụrụ mmepe.

Ebe atụle ọnọdụ dị taa, anyị na-atụgharị ihe ndị mere e kere eke, na mmepe nke ngwá agha na ndị ọzọ nkọwa, na-enweghị ndị agha ugbo elu "White Swan" enweghị ike adịghị adị, ma ọ bụ gaara nnọọ iche. N'ezie, ibido ọrụ nke isi mmepe na-enye bụghị Tupolev. Ma mbụ ihe mbụ.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke "White Swan"

Ke ufọt ufọt 70-ies na Union hụrụ ike ike n'ihi nuclear agha, na n'otu oge ahụ na ikpochapụ backlog nọ na klas nke usoro ụgbọelu. Nke a na klas nke afọ ndị ahụ bụ nanị subsonic atụ bọmbụ na-enweghị ike gabiga agbachitere ọkọdọhọ emegide. Ya mere, na 1967 ndị ọchịchị Soviet tọhapụrụ a iwu na oruru nke a "ọhụrụ, usoro multi-mode ugbo elu." Development nke oru ngo na-agụ na kpọrọ nkụ Myasishcheva Bureau. Tupolev n'oge ndị ọzọ iwu, nke mere na ụgbọ elu-ekereghị òkè. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na site na-emepe emepe a kpamkpam dị iche iche ụgbọ elu, ma ndị Bureau kwetara na otu ihe - na ma oru kwubiri agbanwe zaa nku.

New ugbo elu aghụghọ

N'ihi ya Sukhoi-achụ ha achụ ndị version of T-4, mbụ kere ha, na Myasischev gaa ndị ọzọ ụzọ - na Bureau e multimode bombu agha M-20. I nwekwara ike mara na ma nsụgharị na-zubere na ndị ọzọ na mgbanwe - antisubmarine ugbo elu ma ọ bụ elu-elu nyoputa onyeiro ugbo elu.

Tupolev ejikọrọ na 1969, mgbe Air Force na-akafiakde atụmatụ na nyere a kpọmkwem oge eku. Rịba ama na Tupolev nwere uru karịrị asọmpi - tr-144, na supersonic njem airliner. Ya mmepe kwere dozie isi nsogbu nke pre- na supersonic ụgbọ elu. I nwekwara ike banyere Tu-22M, na drafting nke a nwalere ọhụrụ na ngwá agha na usoro na akụrụngwa. Project tọhapụrụ ha kasị yiri mma Tu-144 na bụghị Anam Udeme na ụgbọelu, "White Swan". E ji mara ya n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ugboro ugboro àgwà nke 144 nke, ma o nwere ụfọdụ ọhụrụ akụkụ na-agbaji na mmepụta nke Tu-22M.

The mkpebi na ihu ọma nke "White Swan"

Ọ ga-kwuru na Air Force ka ghọtara kacha mma version of Sukhoi - ọhụrụ otu bombu T-4M, ma suhovtsy n'oge ahụ malitere ịzụlite T-10 (mma maara dị ka ndị SS-27), na Transition ka a arọ ugbo elu ga-egbu oge ya mmepe maka ihe ebighị ebi oge. Ya mere, ndị agha nakweere "Solomọn ngwọta". Suhovtsy-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ na a fighter, ma ihe nile na T-4M ebunye Tupolev, nke na-eweta na ugbo elu na usoro mmepụta.

Ikekwe nke a ga-oru na-elekọta, na ọhụrụ ụgbọelu "White Swan" ga-renamed T-4M, ma Tupolev kpebiri dị iche iche. O nyere akwụkwọ na kpebiri ịnọgide mmepe nke ọhụrụ ugbo elu na agbanwe zaa nku. Okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu ofu-nku na-agaghịkwa na-ebili. Ọ ga-kwuru na Air Force emewo ka aha abụọ bụ isi chọrọ - transonic ụgbọ elu na ala elu ma ọ bụ subsonic na nnukwu. Ọ bụ omume ndị a na-emegiderịta ọnọdụ na ugbo elu pụtara, nke e mechara natara koodu aha nke Tu-160M. "M" na a na-ekwu pụtara a modernized version nke ngwa nke nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ na ihe. Mgbe ahụ malitere mmepe nke ọhụrụ propulsion usoro, Chassis, engines na ndị ọzọ na mmiri. Na ngụkọta, na ụgbọelu "White Swan" natara ihe si ihe karịrị 500 òtù na dịgasị iche iche.

"The Swan" na mgbanwe

N'agbanyeghị a kama siri ike akara aka nke Tu-160, na mgbakwunye na nke isi nlereanya, na-mepụtara a dịgasị iche iche nke 4 160th dị iche iche dị iche iche indices na zubere maka dị iche iche na nzube, nakwa dị ka ihe nlereanya nke Tu-161, nke nwere a wider fuselage n'ihi na ojiji nke engines na mmiri mmiri hydrogen.

N'ihi ya, mepụtara nlereanya nke Tu-160PP - ụgbọelu avionics interception. Ke adianade a zuru-size okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu na definition nke dị mkpa akụrụngwa, ọ gara n'ihu edinam bụ bụghị. Tu-160P ma Tammy ga-enwe ike arọ fighter. Model NC-74 (tu-160) ga-enweta a pụrụ iche, ndị ọzọ dị ike propulsion usoro nke ga-enwe a nti mmetụta na nso. N'ikpeazụ, Tu-160K nọgidere na na akwụkwọ - rọketi mgbagwoju oru ngo.

Flight data na ọsọ

Olee otú dee reviews na Internet, bụ ike kacha ike, ndị kasị sie ike, ndị kasị mma ụgbọelu "White Swan". Atụmatụ ụgbọ elu data :. wingspan 35-55 m nke a nku ebe-anọgide na-agbanweghi agbanwe na 232 sq. m Service n'uko - 21 km. (N'ihi na ha tụnyere, njem liner nwere ike ebili ka 11.5). Na oge nke ụgbọ elu nwere ike ịbụ ihe karịrị 15 awa na-enweghị refueling na ụgbọ elu na ọ bụ 12 500 km. Ọgụ okirikiri nke 5,000 km.

The ụgbọelu ejikwara site a-arụ ọrụ nke 4, na-arụ ọrụ ndị òtù nwere ohere na-ebili, gbatịa ha ụkwụ. N'ozuzu ogologo 50 m, elu - 13 on board a obere kichin na a ime ụlọ ịwụ. Motor 4 na-mbadamba na fuselage, a ụzọ na akụkụ nke ọ bụla, na-enwe ike ịzụlite nzube ka 18000 kgf afterburner mode bụ ike afanyekwa 25000.

Nyere na BBC nyere ịgbakọta ụgbọelu ike supersonic ọsọ afanyekwa (dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ tupu Union ike afanyekwa nanị tu-144) - supersonic airliner, ọsọ nke ugbo elu, "White Swan" ruo ogologo oge a na isiokwu arụmụka. Otú ọ dị cruising-agba bụ 920 km / h, na esịmde ókè 2300 km / hour. Speed na ịrị elu 4000 m / nkeji. Iji gbapụ igwe chọrọ gbalaga ogologo dịkarịa ala 800 m, nwere ike na-anọdụ na mmachi ogologo dịkarịa ala 2 km.

agha

Ọ na-anọgide na-akọwa ihe nkowa na-mgbe na-e kwuru okwu mgbe ekwu okwu banyere agha ụgbọala, nke bụ "White Swan". The ụgbọelu, nke na-achọ na-achọta na ngwá agha n'elu iro n'ókèala - otú i nwere ike na-ekwu banyere otu bombu. Ma, ebe a bụ "Swan" ọ bụchaghị n'elu iro ókèala.

Dị ka a usoro otu bombu Tu-160 nwekwara nwere ohere iji ụgbọ agba. Iji nwere ike ịbụ 2 ụdị. Nke a X-55SM eji see zaa enwe kwekọrọ ekwekọ achịkọta (iche na-achịkọta na-banye n'ime ebe nchekwa nkanka agha tupu opupu nke ugbo elu). Na ụgbọ elu, i nwere ike iji ruo 12 akụ ụta. Ma ọ bụ X-15C e mere imeri nzube nke ịbụ nso - na osisi nwere ike na-24 akụ ụta nke ụdị.

Ọ bụ na-akpali na mgbe upgrade agba ghọrọ isi - iji bombs launchers nwere ike gbaa. Bombs nwere ike iji naval mines, bọmbụ nuklia ma ọ bụ ụyọkọ bombs. Ọzọkwa modernization nke ẹdude igwe ekwe ojiji nke X-101 na X-555 - Kacha ọhụrụ agha, e maka ụba nso na nwaa mbibi nke fọrọ nke nta niile na klas, n'agbanyeghị ma na ha na-terrestrial ma ọ bụ mmiri.

ọgwụgwụ

Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara, ụgbọelu "White Swan" ọtụtụ ugboro n'ihu ya isi rivals, na US B-1 na English fighter Typhoon. Flight nso Tu-160M (kwalite) 4 ugboro elu Brit nọmba nke bombs bụkwa ọtụtụ ugboro elu. Arụmọrụ engines mma karịa English version. ụgbọ elu ọsọ elu karịa American 1.5 ugboro mbio na ọgụ okirikiri n'elu 1.5. Traction Motors fọrọ nke nta 2 ugboro ike. Ọ bụrụ na tụnyere ndị B-2 (kwalite B-1), àgwà nke na-trimmed, n'ebe ọ bụla o kwere omume, ndị Tu-160 ga-akasị mma maka ihe ọ bụla oke.