Virunga - National Park na Democratic Republic of the Congo. Description of osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ. National Parks nke Democratic Republic of the Congo: a ndepụta

On ókè na Uganda na Rwanda, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Congo, ọ bụ otu nke UNESCO World Heritage saịtị - Virunga. National Park bụ ndị kasị ochie na Africa. Ọ na-agbasa karịrị otu ebe 7800 square kilomita, nso homonymous otu mgbawa nkume na otu aka na ama ọdọ Kivu ọzọ. The n'ókèala agụnye savannas na oké ọhịa, moors na ndagwurugwu, agbọpụta ọkụ na ice-kpuchiri elu nke Rwenzori ugwu, pristine ọdọ mmiri na lava ala dị larịị. Ọ bụ ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ndụ umu nke ugwu gorillas, ihe n'ihe ize ndụ umu nke giraffes - okapi na ọtụtụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, nnụnụ na osisi.

The ogige

Sara mbara ala na-ekpuchi ebe site Lake Kivu na Semliki River (n'etiti N'ezie) na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke bụ ókè nke ala East African n'ógbè kpatara. Territory erukwa na dabere kere atọ ndi:

• Northern - ugwu snowy n'elu Rwenzori, ices nke bụ otu n'ime ndị bụ isi mmiri udia Nile; ọ bụ ebe a n'akụkụ osimiri ndagwurugwu. Semliki nwere ike izute okapi;
• Central mpaghara na-agụnye Lake Edward na mbara ọzara nke Ishasha, Rutshuru na Rwindi, bụ isi center nke di iche iche nke ụdị nnụnụ na anụmanụ, tinyere nnukwu bi na nke enyí, hippos, etc.;
• Southern mpaghara na-agụnye mgbawa ugwu lava ala dị larịị Nyiragongo Nyamuragira na nke na ọdabara, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ ọnụ ọnụ Virunga yinye; kasị nke ebe kpuchie n'oké ọhịa na n'ụlọ ugwu gorillas na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ụdị enwe.

Facts si akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ogige

N'ihi na oge mbụ na pristine ọdịdị nke ihe dị ka a maara taa dị ka Virunga (National Park na oge), ihu na 1902, ndị agha Germany onyeisi O. Bering, onye n'oge na-ebipụta mgbe nile na-achụ nta nso n'elu ugwu ozodimgba gburu Sabino nnọọ nnukwu nha. Na mbụ e chere ka ha we biri ebe a nwere ike ọ bụghị. Hunter atụ aro na ọ bụ a ọhụrụ umu, otú zigara anụmanụ ọkà mmụta sayensị gburu a ọkpụkpụ na Germany. Atụnyere mmewere nke mara umu primates si Africa na-ezite ihe, ha hụrụ morphological iche nke 34 ihe. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, anụmanụ ahụ kọwara na-eme nchọpụta Paul Machi, ma na-esote afọ 20 nke na-arụ ọrụ na-amụ a ọhụrụ subspecies kwụsịrị. Nke a na-kọwara site mgbagwoju geopolitical ọnọdụ na-ejighị n'aka ọnọdụ nke ókèala.

Na 1921, ọ gara ugwu njem edu American taxidermist na n'okike ọkpụ Karlom Eykli. Ọ natara ise stuffed anụmanụ maka ngosi nka, ma isi n'ihi ọrụ ya dum bụ na ya. Ikiri ihe ndị dị ebube gorillas, ọ mụtara ọtụtụ n'ime omume e ji mara, chọpụtara na ha na-ebi n'ụlọ anụ ezinụlọ dị iche iche na-n'agha pụrụ nnọọ ike furu efu enweghị ndị ikwu ha. Ọ kọwara na na ole ha abụghị ukwuu, ya mere ụmụ anụmanụ na mkpa nke nchebe na ichebe eke ebe. Anyị nwere ike ikwu na nke a bụ mmalite nke oruru nke pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ a eke ebe dị ka Virunga. National Park e meghere na 1925 na na na mụụrụ aha King Albert. Ókè ya na-kọwaa Eykli onwe-agụnye niile n'ókèala bi gorillas. Ikpeazụ ya aha ogige hụrụ na 1969, ihe fọrọ nke nta afọ iri mgbe inweta nnwere onwe nke Congo.

Ụdị anụmanụ na idobere

The isi nke ogige ya na nchekwa umu bụ njikọ chiri na ugwu gorillas, dị ka ọ bụ, ma eleghị anya, isi bi, na-echebe ya na ike na-elekọta na ụjọ. Ha na-fọrọ nke nta ikpochapu. Great onyinye n'okike mere D. Fossey onye e gburu site chụọ n'ime ogige na 1985. Ọzọkwa ihe na nchekwa nke ọtụtụ iche iche nke aka imeziwanye ọnọdụ, ma ọhụrụ agha agha na 2008 mere ka ọdịdọ nke isi ụlọ ọrụ na-echebe ebe. Gorillas n'ọdịnihu bụ otu ugboro egwu ọzọ site nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ igbukpọsị oké ọhịa. Bukwanu mmebi e mere, na ihe nile ọhịa n'ozuzu. Ebe echekwara, karịsịa ọhịa na savannas - bụ n'ụlọ ka buffalo na enyí, giraffes, chimpanzees, ezì ọhịa, antelopes, ọdụm, agụ owuru, wdg nke Congo - .. The naanị ná mba ụwa ebe okapi ndụ (nọchiri n'okpuru) - hoofed ịzụ nke ezinụlọ giraffidae.

The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị okapi na-kpọmkwem na-amaghị, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ anụmanụ dị nnọọ ezo ya ezo ma na-eme ihere, ma a ike ike atụmatụ e 10 ruo 20 puku ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. History nke chọpụtara ụdị aghọwo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka isi Zoological sensashion nke narị afọ nke 20. Okapi - a obibi nke ọhịa na na kwadoro ozugbo akwụkwọ ka ifịk ifịk igbutu osisi ghara inweta ya ọ bụghị nanị n'ụlọ, ma nwekwara nri. Na-ata ahụhụ site mmadụ omume ọ bụghị naanị ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a. N'ihi na 45 afọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke hippos ebelata site fọrọ nke nta ka ugboro 30, buffalo - na 40 African ohia elephant - 10.

Birds ma ihe nākpu akpu

Na ịdị obosara nke idobere iche karịa 800 ụdị nnụnụ, 25 nke ha jupụtara ejupụta na zuru n'ebe ọ bụla n'ụwa nwere ike ịhụ ha ọzọ. Near mmiri na na marshes, ị pụrụ ịhụ cormorants, bitterns, ibises, skimmer, darters, osprey, warblers, kitoglavov nnọchiteanya ploceidae. Na ugwu ugwu ebe bi obere umu dị ka Sunbird Rockefeller nnukwu pestrogrudka, bananoedy na blackbirds Oberlander. Of nnọchiteanya nke klas nke nākpu akpu na-Ọtụtụ hụrụ eke, ajụala, na Jameson mamba, nwa-olu ike agbụpụ ajụala, Nile Nyochaa na agụ iyi, nke pụtara ọzọ na mmiri nke Semliki River bụghị otú ahụ ogologo oge gara aga.

Ndị bi na osimiri na ọdọ mmiri

Yiri nnukwu na map, Lake Edward Of niile oké ozu mmiri na Africa bụ nke kasị ala. The ebe nke ya mmiri n'elu - banyere 2325 square kilomita, na-emi odude ke otu elu nke 920 mita. Oke omimi atọrọ n'ime 12 mita, ma n'ezie na nkezi -. 17 m Ọ bụ a na-emighị emi, n'ihi ya, anaghị iche nnọọ nnukwu iche iche nke azụ, tumadi na-adịkwaghị umu si n'ezinụlọ nke cichlids. Ha nwere a ukwuu nso nke nha - si 2.5 cm 1 m - na aru shapes. Otú ọ dị, isi bi na ihe ọ bụla ma azụ na hippos (lee foto. Karịsịa), na-eduga na ọkara aquatic si ebi ndụ. Nnukwu ụmụ anụmanụ na (erikpu ruo 4 tọn) na a na-erughị ala na àgwà, na "mkpari" agwa ndị ọzọ karịa ime ihe ike, kwa, na-fọrọ nke nta ikpochapu. Fọrọ nke nta ọkara a na narị afọ, ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ebelata ihe fọrọ nke nta 95% na-ekweta na-emenye ụjọ ọgụgụ. anụ ka ogologo e ji obodo oriri, ma ya tusks kpọrọ karịa elephant tusks, mere na e nwere ebe nile poaching.

akwukwo nri ụwa

The idobere nke osisi bụ nnọọ iche iche. Nke a na-kọwara site n'eziokwu na Virunga - National Park, nke a na-gafere site ọtụtụ biogeographic zones. Na ókèala e nwere ihe karịrị 2,000 ụdị osisi. Foothill na ndagwurugwu bụ ebe na-achị herbs si undersized elu, na nke mbụ ahụ na-adịkwaghị ọka, dị ka Imperata cylindrica. E nwekwara otu osisi: .. Gingerbread osisi Adanson, yiri mango, wdg Shrub savannas na woodlands na-tumadi jupụtara acacia na combretum, nke bụ karịsịa ọtụtụ nso Lake Edward. The ala gbara osimiri okirikiri mpaghara bụ ọsọ papaịrọs, nkịtị amị, nutsedge. Nke nta nke nta dochie gbọrọ ụja na oké impenetrable ọhịa mmiri ozuzo, karịsịa n'ebe ugwu, otu ọkara nke dị n'elu 1800-2300 m elu oké osimiri. E na-eto eto ọhịa ụbọchị nkwụ, achara, na n'elu 3000 m - heath, Erica arborea, nogoplodnik na ndị ọzọ.

agbọpụta ọkụ park

The akụkụ ebe ndịda nke ogige bụ ikpe kpuchie lava ala dị larịị nke mgbawa ugwu Virunga massif. Ọ na-aga site na ókèala mba atọ, ya elu - 4,5 km. Ugwu yinye nwere mmadụ asatọ agbọpụta ọkụ, abụọ nke na-dị na Congo. Lava ala dị larịị guzobere n'ihi nke ha n'ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, mgbe na-eru elu nke nnukwu ego nke basalt lava. Nyamuragira ugwu mgbawa-atụle ga-kasị ike na kọntinent. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ malitere maka chọpụtara ọkọ mere 35 ugboro. Lava ala dị larịị ogide mpaghara 1.5 sq. M. km. The abụọ ifịk ugwu mgbawa - Nyiragongo (nọchiri n'elu), site na 1882 ka elu nke lava gbawara ugboro 34. Kasị ike ọrụ e dere na 1977, ọ bụ na-enweghị mmadụ tara.

nchedo gorillas

Ọtụtụ osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ nke Virunga idobere ndị obere ma ọ bụ jupụtara ejupụta, ma na-elekwasị anya ka bụ ugwu gorillas, nke bụ ugbu a n'okpuru iyi egwu nke ikpochapu. The ọnọdụ a gbagwojuru anya mgbe mgbe agha na mpaghara. -Eyi ọha egwu na chụọ igbu bụghị nanị ụmụ anụmanụ ma Rangers. Ya mere, na 2007, otu ụbọchị gburu a ezinụlọ dum nke gorillas na mmadụ ise. Na-adịbeghị anya, ọnọdụ mma ubé, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi raara onwe ya nye ọrụ Rangers onye n'ụzọ nkịtị n'ihe ize ndụ ndụ ha iji chebe a eke ebe. All a, n'ezie, na-achọ a zuru ụwa ọnụ ego ego. Part-abịa site World Wide Fund for Nature, a ụfọdụ hà na-abịa site njem na nke ala onwe ya. Ifịk ifịk aka ogige na onwe òtù. Ndú bụ mgbe niile njikere ịnabata bụla o kwere omume aka - si ihe na-eri nri ka ego na-enyefe. Ya gaa tinyere na-ewu electric nsu, nke na-enye ohere na-echebe na-echebe eke ebe si intrusion nke chụọ na ndị ọzọ na-achọghị ọbịa.

Ikpuchido enyí

Ndị a bụ nnukwu, ike na ọgụgụ isi nke ukwuu na ụmụ anụmanụ, oddly ezu, dị nnọọ ngwangwa. Forest enyí, tinyere ugwu gorillas, nwere ike na-akpọ isi bi Virunga ogige. Rụrụ arụ mgbere inweta odu enyi ma na-eme oké njọ mmebi nke bi na nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a. Park gamekeeper tụgharịa maka enyemaka iji ụwa dum, na ha dị njikere isonyere ndị agha megide chụọ, ma ọ na-achọ egbe na uniforms, akụrụngwa. Mkpa ndụ nke onye ọ bụla anụ, a otutu ego na-nọrọ tinyere maka ọgwụgwọ nke merụrụ na nkwarụ. Ọkà mmụta sayensị egosiwo na ụmụ anụmanụ susceptible ka post-traumatic nsogbu nrụgide, yiri ihe na-eme mmadụ. Ke adianade ọgwụgwọ, enyí mkpa ghara ịgbanwe, ma ọ bụ ha na-aghọ ike ike, obi akwusighi na nsogbu ìgwè atụrụ ahụ dum ka a dum.

Nkịta-trackers

Bloodhound nkịta ụdị mara maka magburu onwe ịnụ ísì na ikike udavlivat nzọ ụkwụ. The anụmanụ bụ ike ikpebi na-chọrọ isi nke nde ise ndị ọzọ, na-enyere ya na-esochi nke ndị mmadụ, ọbụna na-esi ike teren. Ókèala nke ogige dị ọtụtụ na-nnọọ iche iche na teren: ugwu (Ruwenzori, Virunga), lava dị larịị, na mbara ọzara na savannas, swamps na ọdọ mmiri. Ọ dị mkpa imubanye niile mee iji chebe a pụrụ iche mpempe nke okike. ozuzu oru ngo na ojiji nke nkịta na Virunga park ichebe na dị ka bloodhounds edu Dr. Marlene Zahner. Ọbọ ya ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọlị, otú arụ ọrụ ọnụ ìgwè nke ndị mmadụ na Bloodhound dị irè ma baa uru.

Ọzọ n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba nke Democratic Republic of the Congo

Ọ ga-kwuru na nditịm echebe ebe ogide 15% nke ngụkọta ebe nke obodo, ọtụtụ n'ime ha, ka aha nnọọ ihe ndị kasị mkpa na mbara.

1. Garamba - a park na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ala, otu n'ime ndị mbụ na Africa, n'ógbè - 4480 square mita. km. Na ugwu bụ nanị savannas na ahịhịa ndụ jupụtara na ogologo grasses, nso n'ebe ndịda, ha na-dochie anya ala oké ọhịa ahụ na mbụ gallery na-ekpo oké ọhịa mmiri. N'ime ogige afọ ole na ole gara aga na m biri ndụ a pụrụ iche anya - ugwu ọcha rhino. Ugbu a, e nwere naanị atọ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu nke ụdị, ha na-ebi na Kenya idobere.
2. Upemba - idobere, emi odude Kibar ala dị larịị na-enwe ebe 11,73 sq .. km. Ọ e meghere ke 1939, ma nke a ụbọchị niile osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ na-adị ndụ na ya, adịghị amụ, na ụfọdụ, ma eleghị anya, a na-amaghị ka sayensị. Flora agụnye banyere 1800 umu.
3. Kahuzi-Biega - a echekwa mpaghara n'ebe ndịda. Virgin okpomọkụ ọhịa agbatị na ụkwụ nke abụọ nwuchapu agbọpụta ọkụ, nke nyere aha ebe a. Area 6 sq. M. km. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị ikpeazụ ebe bi obere ụdị primates - n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ala ala ozodimgba, bi size - na 250 ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu.

Virunga - National Park, na ụwa map dị nnọọ a na-egbu maramara red ntụpọ. Ọnọdụ ya bụ nnọọ njọ na-ejighị n'aka, egwu ọnwụ nke mmadu nke pụrụ iche eke akpọkwa na narị ụdị ụmụ anụmanụ na nnụnụ.