Waste odachi klas 1-4: ulo na itinye n'ọrụ

Imefusị 1 - 4 klas nke ize ndụ iji chebe ma na gburugburu ebe obibi na ụmụ mmadụ na ụmụ anụmanụ ga-ekwesị echekwara na-ewekarị. All na ngwaahịa na nwere adịghị mma mmetụta na ilekota, na-ekewa n'ime 5 ọmụmụ, ma ihe kasị dị ize ndụ na-anọ mbụ, dị ka nke-ise mejupụtara ihe na ike ike itighachi ọzọ.

ọkwa 5

Nke a na klas nwere kasị ala larịị nke ize ndụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere a nnukwu-sized ụlọ n'efu: ihe ochie na ngwá ụlọ na ihe, ngwaahịa mere nke plastic ma ọ bụ iko, akwụkwọ nri n'efu.

ọkwa 4

Waste 1 - 4 klas nke ize ndụ na-nkewa dị ka ogo ikpughe. Mezuwo 4 dị nnọọ gụnyere ngwaahịa na ndị dị ala odachi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Mmezi mmebi si dị otú ahụ ihe ọjọọ nwere ike ịbụ na afọ atọ. Ewezuga keukwu ezinụlọ n'efu, otu a na-agụnye ewu n'efu: nke foduru nke brick, rubble, metal, gbajiri iko, osisi na-enweghị isi.

Nke a na klas na-agụnye, na mmanu mmanu oriri na-egosi dị ka a N'ihi nke na-ewu nke olulu na ubi development. Mkpofu ahihia odachi klas 4, akpan akpan ndị bụ nke mmanụ, ga-esoriri na iwu ụkpụrụ.

ọkwa 3

Nke a odachi klas na e kenyere ya ngwaahịa na ihe na-emerụ ndị na gburugburu ebe obibi. Recovery-ewe ihe 10 afọ. Nke a na klas a na-anabata ka ewu n'efu, mmepụta n'efu n'ụdị ezighị ezi ngwá, roba ụzarị, mmanụ maka dị iche iche na nzube, asịd na alkalis. na-akpata mmetọ na nke a na-ewu na saịtị, gụnyere emechaghi ewu na saịtị, ulo oru osisi.

2 klas

Hazardous n'efu 1 - 4 ọmụmụ tinye n'ọrụ n'ihi na a ogologo oge - dịkarịa ala afọ atọ. Elu n'ihe ize ndụ na-kenyere ngwongwo, na ngwaahịa na nke klas nke abụọ. Ndị a wastes na-enwe ike na-agbanwe ihe ịha nke ilekota, na ga-ewe ihe 30 afọ nke mweghachi nke mmeru n'ókèala. Iji a na klas nke ngwaahịa na-emerụ na osisi, na ngwá na anyajiwo ala, ndị chemical ikwọ - mmanụ, alkalis, asịd. isi iyi nke ofufe ndị mepere ụlọ ọrụ. Na klas nke abụọ nke ihe ize ndụ ma na-agụnye, batrị, nke ime ka irreparable emebi gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi acid na-edu ndú na nsi. Waste collection, dị ka iwu si, ga-gburu a raara onwe ya nye akpa.

ọkwa 1

Nke a bụ ihe ize ndụ nke ukwuu emerụ bekee, ọnụnọ nke nke na ọdịdị pụrụ iduga oké ọdachi na mbibi na bụ fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume na-agbake. Nke a na-agụnye ulo oru mkpofu. Galvanic sel, thermometers, mercury oriọna ma ọ bụ fluorescent dabeere na dị iche iche na ngwá - niile a n'efu nke 1 klas nke ize ndụ. The ndepụta gụnyere mbụ niile mercury-nwere ihe, n'ihi na a wụrụ awụ metal na- ngwa ngwa tọhapụrụ n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi na-eme ka irreparable imerụ ndị ilekota.

Chọrọ nke iwu na-ekwu na nke mbụ na klas nke n'efu ga-anakọtara iche site na ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa na pụrụ iche nkwakọ. Dị ka a na-achị, ọ na-kere si galvanized metal, ebe ọ bụ na mkpofu ike ike itighachi. Mkpofu ahihia odachi klas 1, karịsịa mercury na redioaktivu bekee na ọgwụ ahụhụ a rụrụ naanị na ihe pụrụ iche akụrụngwa. The usoro onwe ya na-rụrụ site na ụzọ dị iche iche: simenti, ngwa ndakwa nri ume ma ọ bụ na-azọpụta pụrụ iche landfills. A omenala ụzọ nke na-enwu, n'ihi na ihe atụ, naanị n'ihu ife efe gburugburu ebe obibi.

Olee otú iji belata ihe ize ndụ ihe?

Dị ka anyị kwuru, n'efu 1 - 4 klas nke odachi nwere ike ime ka irreparable emebi gburugburu ebe obibi. A pụrụ iche akara usoro na-eme, melite, ikwe ka kacha hazie n'efu na-anọgide na-eji ya. Na ọtụtụ ná mba, na Russia akpan akpan, na nakweere iwu, dị ka nke n'efu ga-akwagide:

• imegharị ihe maka iji;
• nhazi;
• reused.

Ụzọ nke mkpofu: n'igba ihe oku

Imegharị 1 - 4 ọkwa mgbe ọ rụrụ site na ịchekwa ma ọ bụ na-ere. Mbụ usoro bụ a ot landfill, Otú ọ dị, na-ebelata mmebi ọdịdị ya na-haziri na a ụrọ ala siri ike dị iche iche geosynthetics. Ọrụ ha - iji gbochie leakage nke ize ndụ bekee n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi.

N'igba ihe oku - bụ ike belata ha nọmba nke na landfills, ma nke a usoro dị ize ndụ umu anwuru nke na-emerụ bekee. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ iwelata mmebi nke gburugburu ebe obibi, na ngwaahịa na-ebibi n'igba ihe oku osisi, nke na-onwem na a multi-ogbo ikuku ọcha usoro.

Imefusị 1 - 4 klas nke ize ndụ a na-apụghị emegharị na-eji na-eme n'ọdịnihu, nke nwere ike-ọkụ ga-eli. Mgbe ị mepụtara repositories nke geological formations eji tankị - konkiri, basalt, gypsum, ma na nke a ọ dị mkpa iji na-echeta ụfọdụ ọnọdụ.

1. N'ígwé ga-waterproof na mmiri-amị strata ga enịm n'okpuru.
2. Ọ amanyere bụ iwu nke deformation nke nwere ike mere site shiee n'okpuru nduzi nke ihe dị iche iche.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji ala mkpofu ahihia, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-eme na ihe pụrụ iche containers.

Mkpofu nke ize ndụ ngwaahịa

Mkpofu ahihia odachi klas 1 - oké njọ ezu. Ka ihe atụ, ọ dịịrị na-echekwa na-agbawa agbawa ihe na pụrụ iche na nzuzo tankị nwere izute elu chọrọ.

1. Waste enịm ke Tarah, onye ga-enwe ike idi iche iche ibu - n'ibu ujo okwukwo.
2. Ịtụkwasị bekee expedient n'ebe ike e.
3. Ọ bụ amanyere bụ iwu idebe ala okpomọkụ nchekwa na desensitization iji chebe n'efu site chemical mmekọrịta fọdụrụ mmiri.

Ma ọ bụ na-imegharị?

Waste management na-mgbagwoju anya na mkpa idozi na iche iche collection. Ma ọ bụ ihe kasị ò ngwọta nke nsogbu. Ọtụtụ n'efu 1 - 3 klas nke ize ndụ nnọọ adabara iwerekwa. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere plastik, batrị, pulp n'ụdị ya nile. N'ezie, nke a usoro na-achọ nnukwu ego investments, nke na-adịghị stint na mba Europe, ma na Russia na usoro a na-adịghị mee dị ka mgbe ọ bụghị ọ bụla ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ịchọta ụzọ nke mmepụta mkpofu.

Olee otú obibi nsị?

Hazardous n'efu 1 - 4 ọmụmụ, nke na-ekewet nke toxins, mgbe neutralized site thermal ụzọ. Ha nọ n'ebe a otutu.

• Liquid-adọ ọxịdashọn na-eji maka mkpofu ahihia na mmiri mmiri na-adọ na precipitates nke nọ wastewater. The usoro na-agụnye na-arụ ọrụ a na-okpomọkụ ma na nsogbu, ji negligible ume losses, ma n'oge usoro na kpo oku elu scum a kpụrụ, na nke a bụ isi drawback.
• Heterogeneous catalysis. Ọ na-eji mgbe chọrọ neutralize ulo oru mkpofu na a gaseous ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri na-adọ.
• Pyrolysis, nke bụ oxidizing ma ọ bụ na-akọrọ. Oxidative pyrolysis - bụ thermal decomposition nke na-emerụ na na ngwaahịa, ha ọkụ ma ọ bụ na-ezughị ezu, ma ọ bụ na kọntaktị na ngwaahịa n'ihi combustion nke manu. The usoro bụ ezigbo maka sludge, plastik, mmanụ, mmanụ adịghị. Mgbe akọrọ pyrolysis ngwaahịa na-amalite irekasị thermally ma enweghị oxygen. N'ihi na elu arụmọrụ na-abụghị n'efu, na nkà na ụzụ bụ na nnukwu ina.
• Gasification - ụzọ ọzọ nke imegharị ihe maka. Uru nke usoro a na-na kpụrụ n'oge combustible, haruru nwere ike ji mee ka mmanụ ụgbọala, na resin - ka a chemical feedstock.
• Low-okpomọkụ plasma. Nke a na Usoro bụ bara uru mgbe ị na-achọ ka pụrụ nke na-egbu egbu n'efu.

chemical n'efu

Iji na-agụnye na-emerụ chemical n'efu odachi klas 1, ndepụta nke nke na-agụnye magnesium sulfate, zinc ogige, phosphates. N'ozuzu, ndị a wastes na-eme dị ka a n'ihi nke flotation usoro nke inwetara minerals na amines. Ọ bụrụ na nke a ájá odụk ahụ, e nwere ike ịbụ nsogbu na bronchi na ọbara arịa.

The kasị emerụ mejupụtara n'efu, nke nwere mercury na ya ogige, mercuric chloride, antimony potassium cyanide. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ na mberede ọjọọ ndị a bekee, dum ụjọ usoro, na akụrụ nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe mmasị, dị ka a pụta - ọnwụ. Ọ bụ ya mere Waste mkpofu (4 klas nke odachi gụnyere) - ọrụ usoro.

Gịnị mere m mkpa a paspọtụ?

Imefusị ọ bụla na klas nke ize ndụ chọrọ mmepe nke a paspọtụ, nke dabeere a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akwụkwọ. Ọ bụrụ na nke a paspọtụ bụghị, ụlọ ọrụ ihu a bukwanu mma, ke adianade do, ya na ọrụ ya nwere ike kwụsịtụrụ. The eziokwu na-anọghị nke akwụkwọ a na-ewere dị ka a mebiri nke gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Ebu a paspọtụ-agụnye a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nkebi - si atọ ndị yiri nkata nke akụ na ụba ọrụ ka nnyocha laboratories na pụrụ iche ngụkọta oge nke n'efu odachi klas.

Nchoputa

Recycling nke n'efu - ihe nke na-echegbu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na gburugburu ụwa karịa otu ọgbọ. Isi ike na na-mepụtara a n'otu obibia nke nhazi ụlọ ọrụ na ngwaahịa, Ọzọkwa bụghị mba ọ bụla ghọtara na ulo oru mkpofu ike ga-eji ọzọ. N'ezie, e nwere ndị ọhụrụ na ngwaọrụ, ụzọ na akụrụngwa na-ekwe ka ọ dịkarịa ala a obere ka mma ala nke oge a ecosystems, ma enweghị ego maka mmejuputa iwu ndị dị otú ahụ oru ngo na-emepụta a ize ndụ umu mmadu.