World tankị - History

The ụwa mbụ tank, mepụtakwara na World War m agha mkpa, ozugbo were pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche nke ndị mmadụ. Na-achịkwaghị achịkwa ike nke ọhụrụ igwe n'ụdị ọhụrụ, ọsọ, na size, tinyere ihe omimi nke na ọ e mepụtara, ọ anana-omimi nke akara aka. Ná mmalite, ndị tank ọrụ bụ iji ya dị ka akụkụ nke aghụghọ zoo ha ezi ihe n'obi dị ka a ngwá agha.

The British mbụ mepụtara a ọhụrụ mobile na armored ọgụ ugbo ala na mmemme butere site ndị mmadụ dị ka Swinton, Maurice Hankey, na Winston Churchill, mgbe mbụ Jehova nke Admiralty ka na-akwado ihe omume a. British Mmalite tank - ọ bụ nke mbụ zuru ụwa ọnụ tank, Mark m, e diamond ekara, nke mbụ nke oké esoro ụgbọala erikpu 26 tọn, na abụọ 57 mm cannons na na 3.7 kilomita / Ọrụ Nchịkwa. September 15, 1916, na Agha nke Somme, mgbe egwu weere nke bipu, iri anọ na itoolu tankị Mark m e zigara akwado bipu ọgụ na na "ọ dịghị mmadụ ala." Na-akatọ n'oge rụrụ ụka na tankị na-agaghị ezuru ya ikpebi ihe ga-esi n'agha. Na September 1917, ndị French ẹkenam ha Renault Ft 17, nke ntukwasi ọtụtụ obere - naanị 6 tọn na burugodị na a Mkpa ọkụ - otu 37-mm egbe ala. Ọzọkwa, Renault Ft 17 bụ ngwa ngwa - ọsọ nke 4.8 kilomita / Ọrụ Nchịkwa. Tank Renault Ft 17 bụ nnọọ ihe atụ nke imewe nke tankị nke ụwa na a n'usoro n'usoro turret. America na-eji tumadi Renault tankị na France.

Na interwar oge, obere ọrụ e nyere ndị tankị ọchịagha nke American bipu, nakwa dị ka mkpata na mmefu constraints, na-amanye oké ihe mgbochi na imewe na mmepe na United States, Walter Christie, ihe American akpakanamde engineer, o mepụtara ihe kpamkpam ọhụrụ nkwusioru usoro, nke nyeere tankị elu na-agba na ikike ije na wiil, na-enweghị caterpillars. Ya mbụ tank M1919, nke na-ekemende ghọọ M1928 / 1930, ma ọ bụ n'etiti tank T-3, ntukwasi 9 tọn, burugodị na 37 mm egbe, ma ruo a ọsọ nke 27 kilomita / Ọrụ Nchịkwa. Ma US Army na-enweghị ike iru nkwekọrịta Christi. World tankị, Otú ọ dị, nọgidere na-ịzụlite.

N'ụzọ dị iche, ndị Soviet Union na-eji imewe na mmepụta technology na Christie malitere ịzụlite 1939-1940 a T-34 tank, ọ ghọọ nnọọ pụrụ ịdabere na echiche ziri ezi zuru ụwa ọnụ tank erikpu 29 tọn, burugodị na a 76,2 mm egbe na a top ọsọ nke dostignal 34 kilomita / Ọrụ Nchịkwa. Ọ ghọrọ onye isi agha tank nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị Red Army na na-eji ndị agha nke North Korea na Korean War.

Na Britain, ndị agha theorists Fuller na Liddell Hart mepụtara a atụmatụ maka a obere ma mobile agha na tankị dị ka isi pụtara ìhè ike. Mgbe ọtụtụ nsogbu ọkọnọ ụwa British Crusader tank (Kruseyder), na a uka nke 22 ise, na ihe-agha-a 57 mm egbe ala, nke mepụtara a ọsọ nke 26 kilomita / Ọrụ Nchịkwa. Nke a tank e ji mee ná mmalite nke World War II. Ma mgbe nile ntụpọ na mwute ọgụ ahụmahụ dugara ya nnọchi na 1943 a ọhụrụ tank Cromwell (Cromwell), nke ịdị arọ 31 ise, ọrụ n'ụdị a 75-mm egbe ala, ma ndị ọsọ kacha bụ hà 31 kilomita / h.

French nwere ji tankị nke ụwa na dum ahụmahụ, na ruo mgbe 1939 mepụtara a arọ tank Ịsaka tank na-eleghị anya ndị kasị mma na nkà na ụzụ na elu tank nọ n'ụwa na-ahụ mmalite nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Nnukwu maka ya oge, e kpamkpam armored, erikpu 34 tọn, nwere 75 egbe n'ịnyịnya na n'ihu ahu ihe efere na 47-mm egbe ala na ụlọ elu. Otú ọ dị, oké tankị nke ụwa n'okpuru aha Ịsaka nwere a top ọsọ nke 17 kilomita / h. Uru dị n'ụdị firepower na agha nke tank, Otú ọ dị, a chụpụrụ na 1940, ndị French ozizi na nzukọ ọdịda.