Agha obodo China: akpata, na-arụpụta

Chinese agha obodo n'etiti Communist Party na Kuomintang ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ na isi agha esemokwu nke XX narị afọ. CCP mmeri mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na nnukwu Asia mba malite iwu socialism.

Background na ọgụgụ oge

The ọbara agha obodo China kwara mba a nkeji iri na ise na narị afọ. The esemokwu n'etiti ndị Kuomintang na Communist Party-ebu ideological agwa. Otu akụkụ nke Chinese otu kwalitere oruru nke a kwuo uche mba Republic, ka ndị ọzọ chọrọ socialism. Kọmunist adị a na-egbuke egbuke atụ ịgbaso ihu nke Soviet Union. mmeri nke mgbanwe ke Russia sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ọtụtụ na-akwado nke ekpe-nku na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị echiche.

Agha obodo China nwere ike kewara abụọ nkebi. The mbụ wee na 1926-1937 biennium. Mgbe ahụ, wee a ezumike metụtara eziokwu na ndị Kọmunist na Kuomintang sonyeere agha na-alụso ndị Japanese ịchọ okwu. N'oge na-adịghị agha mwakpo nke mba nke ọwụwa anyanwụ na China aghọwo ihe akụkụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Mgbe Japanese militarists e meriri, obodo ogu maliteghachiri na China. The abụọ na-adọ nke na-awụfu ọbara mere na 1946-1950 ,.

Northern njem

Tupu ntiwapụ nke agha obodo China, mba ahụ nọ na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ iche iche akụkụ. Ọ ejikọrọ na ọdịda nke ọchịchị ndị eze, a ná mmalite nke XX narị afọ. Mgbe ahụ, otu obodo nke na-mepụtara. Na mgbakwunye na KMT na ọchịchị Kọmunist e nwere a atọ ike - Beiyang Army. Nke a ọchịchị dabeere mbụ ọchịagha nke Qing alaeze ukwu agha.

Na 1926, ndị KMT ndú Chan Kayshi ulo oru a agha megide warlords. Ọ haziri ndị Northern njem. Na nke a agha, dị ka dị iche iche atụmatụ e gara site banyere 250 puku ndị agha. Kai-shek na ndị Kọmunist na-akwado. Ndị a abụọ isi agha na-etolite a mmekota nke National Revolutinary Army (NRA). Northern njem bụ na-akwado USSR. The NRA wee Russian agha ọkachamara, na ndị ọchịchị Soviet ọnọ agha ugbo elu na ngwá agha. Na 1928, ndị warlords e meriri na mba ahụ nọ n'otu n'okpuru ịchịisi nke KMT.

ọdịiche

Tupu Northern njem biri n'etiti Kuomintang na ọchịchị Kọmunist, gbawara n'etiti, n'ihi na nke a, malitere iso ndị agha obodo China. March 21, 1937 National Revolutinary Army were Shanghai. Ọ bụ n'ebe a ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị òtù wee pụta ìhè.

Chan Kayshi-emeghị obi ndị Kọmunist ba njikọ aka ha na ha naanị n'ihi na ọ bụghị chọrọ nwere na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị iro dị ka na-ewu ewu ọzọ. Ugbu a, ọ na-fọrọ nke nta n'otu mba na yiri ka kwere na o nwere ike ime na-enweghị nkwado nke Left. Ke adianade do, isi nke Kuomintang tụrụ egwu na CCP (Chinese Communist Party) ẹkemụm ike na mba. Ya mere, o kpebiri tupu-emptive iku.

Chinese Civil War 1927-1937 gg. Ọ malitere mgbe Kuomintang ọchịchị ẹkenịmde Kọmunist njide ma bibie ha mkpụrụ ndụ na kasị obodo nke mba. Leftists malitere iguzogide. Na April 1927, ọ nyawara a isi nsogbu nke Kọmunist na nso nso a tọhapụrụ atọhapụ si warlords Shanghai. Taa ke China ihe zoro aka na mgbuchapụ na counter-revolutionary kuu. Dị ka a n'ihi nke raids, ọtụtụ CCP ndú e gburu ma ọ bụ na ha mkpọrọ. The party wee na nzuzo.

Long Maachi

Ke akpa ogbo nke Chinese Civil War 1927-1937 gg. anọchi anya gbasasịa clashes abụọ. Na 1931, ndị ọchịchị Kọmunist melite ha n'oyiyi ala na ókèala n'okpuru ha. Ọ a na-akpọ Chinese Soviet Republic. Nke a obu ụzọ nke China na-adịghị natara diplomatic ude site na mba uwa. Kọmunist bụ isi obodo nke Ruijin. Ha guzobere onwe ha tumadi na Southern mpaghara nke mba. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, Chan Kayshi butere anọ punitive njem ndị mmadụ merela megide Soviet Republic. All na-abụrụ.

Na 1934, zubere ise mkpọsa. Kọmunist ghọtara na ike ha agaghị ezuru ya iji na-egosipụta otu ihe see Kuomintang. Mgbe ahụ party were na-atụghị anya na mkpebi iziga niile ha agha n'ebe ugwu nke mba ahụ. E mere nke a n'okpuru pretext nke na-alụ ọgụ na Japanese n'oge achịkwa Manchuria na-egwu nile China. Ke adianade do, na n'ebe ugwu nke PDA na-enwe olileanya inweta enyemaka site na ideologically nso Soviet Union.

The Long March gara agha hà 80 puku ndị mmadụ. Otu n'ime ndị ndú ya bụ Mao Tszedun. Ịga nke ọma nke mgbagwoju ọrụ mere ya a contender maka ike na dum Party. Ọ mgbe e mesịrị na ngwaike mgba ka tufuo gị na-emegide na-aghọ onyeisi oche nke Central Kọmitii. Ma na 1934, ọ bụ nanị ọchịagha.

Serious mgbochi maka CCP agha ahu bu oké Yangtze River. On ya anoghi n'ulo oba, na KMT agha kere ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi. Kọmunist ugboro anọ unsuccessfully gbalịrị gafee n'ofe osimiri. Na ikpeazụ oge, ọdịnihu nke China Liu Bocheng Marshal ike hazie mgbanwe nke ihe dum agha site na akwa.

N'oge na-adịghị agha malitere esemokwu. Abụọ onyeisi (Zedong, na Jong-gata) na-arụ ụka maka idu ndú. Mao siri ọnwụ na ọ dị mkpa ịnọgide na-akpali n'ebe ugwu. Ya onye iro chọrọ ịnọ Sichuan. N'ihi ya, tupu a n'otu agha kewara abụọ ogidi. Long March dechara nanị akụkụ ahụ nke gara Mao Zedong. Zhang Gata n'otu gbahapụrụ na Kuomintang. Mgbe mmeri nke ndị Kọmunist, ọ kwaga ka Canada. Mao agha jisiri ike merie ndị ụzọ 10 puku kilomita na 12 anāchi achi. Ibugo onu biri October 20, 1935, mgbe Communist agha gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ na Vayaobao. Ọ bụ naanị 8000 ndị fọdụrụ.

Xi'an merenụ

Mgbalị nke ndị Kọmunist na Kuomintang ama kere afọ 10, na na dịgodị dum China bụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke Japanese aka. Ruo mgbe ahụ e nwere ndị na-ama ụfọdụ ndị metụtara nkà mmụta na Manchuria, ma Tokyo zochighịkwa ebumnobi ha - na ha chọrọ kpamkpam merie ebelatawo ma mefusịa site agha obodo, a onye agbata obi.

N'ọnọdụ a, ndị abụọ n'akụkụ nke Chinese otu nwere na-chọta a nkịtị asụsụ iji zọpụta ya na obodo. Mgbe Long March, Chan Kayshi na-eme atụmatụ iji mezue na mmeri nke ndị Kọmunist, wepugara onwe-ya n'ebe ugwu. Otú ọ dị, December 12, 1936 President nke KMT jidere ya ọchịagha. Yang Hucheng na Zhang Syuedyan choro si president na-etolite njikọ aka ha na ndị Kọmunist maka a nkwonkwo na-alụso Japanese ebido. President conceded. E jidere ya bịara mara dị ka ndị Xi'an Esemokwu. N'oge na-adịghị, ọ bụ a n'otu n'ihu, nke nwere ike inokota Chinese mmadụ niile ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị tụgharịrị banyere ọchịchọ iji chebe nnwere onwe nke mba.

Japanese iyi egwu

N'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ na Chinese agha obodo nyere ụzọ a oge nke Japanese aka. Mgbe Xi'an Esemokwu si 1937 ruo 1945 n'etiti ndị Kọmunist na Kuomintang nọgidere nkwekọrịta na Allied mgba megide ocho okwu. Tokyo militarists-enwe olileanya na ha nwere ike mfe jikwaa merie China, na-agba ọbara esịtidem mmegide. Otú ọ dị, oge egosiwo na Japanese adịghị mma. Mgbe ha banyere n'ime njikọ aka ha na Nazi Germany, na Europe, ndị Nazi malitere na mgbasa, na Chinese na-akwado ndị na-ejikọ ike, isi United States na Soviet Union. America bụ megide Japanese mgbe ha wakpoo Pearl Harbor.

The agha obodo China, na nkenke, Chinese ekpe na ihe ọ bụla. Equipment, ọgụ ike ma irè nke ịgbachitere agha oké ala. Ná nkezi, ihe Chinese efu 8 ugboro ọzọ mmadụ karịa ka Japanese, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ na mbụ n'akụkụ e outnumbered. Japan ga-eleghị anya enwewo ike mezue ha aka, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka na ha jikọrọ aka. Na mmeri nke Germany ke 1945 akpatre tọhapụrụ n'aka ndị Soviet Union. The America, onye mbụ mere ihe megide ndị Japanese ukwuu n'ime oké osimiri ma ọ bụ na ikuku, na otu okpomọkụ ama esịn bọmbụ atọm abụọ na Hiroshima na Nagasaki. Alaeze Ukwu tọrọ ala ya na ogwe aka.

The abụọ na-adọ nke agha obodo

Mgbe Japan akpatre nyefere, na Chinese n'ókèala ọzọ kewara n'etiti ndị Kọmunist na-akwado nke Kai-shek. Onye ọ bụla mode nwere akara nke ndị anāchi achi ebe a na-agha-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye ya. The CPC kpebiri ime ka ya foothold ugwu nke mba. Ebe a na-ókè-ala na Soviet Union enyi na enyi. Na August 1945, ndị ọchịchị Kọmunist chiri otú ahụ dị mkpa obodo ka Zhangjiakou, Qinhuangdao na Shanhaiguan. N'okpuru nke Mao Zedong bụ Manchuria na Inner Mongolia.

KMT agha gbasasịa gafee mba. The isi ìgwè na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nso Burma. The agha obodo 1946-1950, China. Ọ manyere ọtụtụ mba ọzọ ọchịchị cheekwa ozo àgwà ha na ihe na-eme na mpaghara. US ozugbo were progomindanskie ọnọdụ. Americans mata shek oké osimiri na ikuku ugbo ala ngwangwa nyefe nke agha n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.

Peace mgbalị

Ihe na agbaso kwenye nke Japan, mere ka nke abụọ agha obodo China ma amalitela. Na nke a, ọ bụghị banyere mgbalị nke ndị ọzọ na-ekwubi a mbido udo nkwekọrịta. October 10, 1945 na Chongqing, Chan Kayshi na Mao Tszedun aka kwekọrọ ekwekọ nkwekọrịta. Emegide nwere ekwele nkwa ịdọrọ ya agha na esemokwu na mba. Otú ọ dị, obodo clashes aka iso. Na October 13 Chan Kayshi nyere iwu a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-akpasu iwe. Ná mmalite 1946, ndị America na-agbalị na-ele ihe na-emegide ya n'aka. Na China ama General Dzhordzh Marshall. Na ya, akwụkwọ e banyere, nke bịara mara dị ka January ceasefire.

O sina dị, n'oge okpomọkụ nke agha obodo 1946-1950, China. Ọ maliteghachiri. Kọmunist Army usụhọde KMT dị ka usoro na akụrụngwa. Ọ tara ahụhụ a oké njọ imeri ke n'ime China. Na March 1947, ndị Kọmunist nyefere Yan'an. Na Manchuria CCP agha e kewara atọ dị iche iche. Ke idaha emi, ha nwere a ọtụtụ achịkwa, ka uru oge ụfọdụ. The Kọmunist mara na Chinese Civil War 1946-1949 gg. ha ga-aba ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-adịghị-elu buu mgbanwe. Ọ malitere na-amanye ihe e kere eke nke a mgbe nile agha. Iji doo ndị nkịtị ka flop na ya n'akụkụ, Mao Tszedun butere a ala mgbanwe. Ndị obodo wee malite ịnata òkè, na a nkeji nke Isonye toro ndị agha, bụ onye bịara site na obodo.

Ndị na-akpata nke Civil War na China 1946-1949 afọ. Ọ kwubiri na ofufe nke ihe iyi egwu nke ndị mba ọzọ aka na mba ọzọ Noa na ezinụlọ ahụ na-emegiderịta n'etiti abụọ irreconcilable ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Na o siri ike na KMT na ọchịchị Kọmunist ike bikọta n'otu ala. China ga-emeri ụdị ụfọdụ nke a ike nke gaara na mba ga-eme n'ọdịnihu.

Na-akpata mgbaji ọkpụkpụ

Kọmunist ụtọ bukwanu nkwado nke Soviet Union. The Soviet Union emeghị ihe kpọmkwem na esemokwu, ma mbọhọ ọchịchị, n'ezie, na-arụ n'aka Mao Zedong. Moscow kwetara inye Chinese comrades niile m Japanese weghaara ngwá n'ọnọdụ ọkọnọ nke nri na Far East. Ke adianade do, ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke abụọ ogbo nke agha n'okpuru akara nke CCP bu nnukwu ulo oru obodo. Na ihe dị otú ahụ akụrụngwa nwere ike ngwa ngwa ike a fundamentally ọhụrụ agha, ọtụtụ kwadebere n'ụzọ ka mma ma na-azụ karịa a di na nwunye nke afọ tupu.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1948 malitere a bụrụkwa iwe Kọmunist na Manchuria. Operation edu Lin Biao - a nkà ọchịagha ndị na-eme n'ọdịnihu Marshal nke China. The njedebe nke agha e liaoshen mkpọsa, nke e meriri site a nnukwu agha ndị Kuomintang (nke ihe dị ka ọkara nde mmadụ na). Ịga nke Ọma kwere ndị Kọmunist na ịhazigharị ha agha. ise nnukwu ụsụụ ndị agha, ọ bụla nke na-ejikwara n'ógbè ụfọdụ nke mba e kere. Ndị a ígwè akpụ na-alụ ọgụ achikota na synchronized. The CPC kpebiri ịmụta Soviet ahụmahụ nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, mgbe nnukwu asakde iso ese e na Red Army. N'otu oge ahụ na Chinese Civil War 1946-1949 gg. Ọ kpaliri ya ikpeazụ. Ozugbo a tọhapụrụ Manchuria, Lin Biao teamed na ìgwè ahụ, dabere na North China. Site na njedebe nke 1948, ndị Kọmunist meriela aku na uba mkpa coal efere Tangshan.

CCP mmeri

Na January 1949, n'okpuru iwu ndị agha stormed Tianjin Biao. PDAs ọma kpọ isi gomindanskogo ọchịagha nke ugwu n'ihu ịtọgbọ enweghị a ọgụ Beiping (ahụ aha nke Beijing). Arịa ọrịa mere shek gwa Abigel a truce na onye-iro. Ọ kere ruo April. The ogologo-eguzo Xinhai mgbanwe na agha obodo China awusiwo ukwuu ọbara. Na Kuomintang m chere a enweghị nchịkwa mmadụ. Multiple ebili mmiri nke nchikota ndi mmadu di emewo ka eziokwu ahụ ọhụrụ Isonye na-bụ nanị na mberede.

Na April, ndị Kọmunist zitere ha version of a ogologo oge iro nke udo nkwekorita. Dị ofufe mgbe nke 20 ụbọchị nke PDA na-adịghị echere a nzaghachi a ikele na amalitela ọzọ agha. The agha gafere Yangtze River. May 11, Lin Biao were Wuhan, na May 25 - Shanghai. Chan Kayshi hapụrụ Chile ma kwaga Taiwan. Kuomintang ọchịchị si Nanjing ka Chongqing arahụ. The agha na-now mụụrụ naanị n'ebe ndịda nke mba.

Creation nke China na ọgwụgwụ nke agha

October 1, 1949, ndị Kọmunist kwusara oruru nke ọhụrụ Ndị mmadụ Republic of China (PRC). The ememe ẹkenịmde ke Beijing, nke ghọrọ isi obodo nke mba ọzọ. O sina dị, ndị agha gara n'ihu.

8 nke Guangzhou e weere. The agha obodo China, na-akpata nke a tụnyere ike nke ndị Kọmunist na Kuomintang, ugbu a na-abịa ya nkwubi okwu ezi uche. Gomenti na nso nso a kpaliri Chongqing site US ugbo elu kpọpụsịrị n'àgwàetiti Taiwan. Site opupu ihe ubi nke 1950, ndị Kọmunist kpamkpam meriri ndịda nke mba. Kuomintang agha, bụ ndị na-achọghị na-atọgbọ, na gbagara ndị agbata obi French Indochina. Na ọdịda nke China agha meriela Tibet.

Pụta nke agha obodo na China osụhọde ke eziokwu na ọchịchị Kọmunist e guzobere a sara na ụba mmadụ karịa obodo. KMT ẹnịm naanị na Taiwan. N'otu oge ahụ taa, Chinese ọchịchị tụlee agwaetiti akụkụ nke ya n'ókèala. Ma n'ezie na e kemgbe 1945, e nwere ndị Republic of China. The nsogbu nke mba ude nke State na-aga n'ihu n'oge a.