Yellow Star: atụ, ihe dị iche na agba kpakpando

Ọ bụla kpakpando - odo, acha anụnụ anụnụ ma ọ bụ ọbara ọbara - bụ a red-ekpo ọkụ na obi ụtọ nke gas. Modern nhazi ọkwa nke kpakpando dabeere ọtụtụ afọ. A na-agụnye n'elu okpomọkụ, size na ihie. The agba nke kpakpando anya na a doro anya n'abalị, na-adabere tumadi na mbụ oke. The ekpo ọkụ ugbu acha anụnụ anụnụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ-acha anụnụ anụnụ, na coldest - red. Yellow kpakpando, nke a kpọtụrụ aha n'okpuru ebe a, ogide a n'etiti ọnọdụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okpomọkụ. Otu n'ime ndị a ìhè abatakwa na-anyanwụ.

iche

Isi, kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ dị iche iche okpomọkụ, emit ìhè na ahaghị wavelength. Nke a oke kpebisiri na-adabere na mmadụ anya na agba. The mkpumkpu na wavelength, na-ekpo ọkụ ahụ, na nso agba na-acha ọcha, na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Nke a bụ eziokwu n'ihi na kpakpando.

The red ìhè bụ coldest. N'elu okpomọkụ esịmde naanị puku atọ degrees. Yellow kpakpando dị ka anyanwụ anyị, na-ama na-ekpo ọkụ. Ya photosphere na-ewe iwe ka 6000º. White ọkụ red-ekpo ọkụ ọbụna n'ihu - site 10 ruo 20 puku degrees. Ndien ke akpatre, na-acha anụnụ anụnụ kpakpando ndị ahụ na ekpo ọkụ ugbu. N'elu okpomọkụ esịmde n'etiti 30 na 100 puku degrees.

General e ji mara

Yellow kpakpando, aha ọtụtụ nke na-ọma mara na ndị mmadụ dị nnọọ anya n'ebe astronomy, ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara na nnukwu quantities. Ha dị iche na size, uka, luminosity, na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ e ji mara. Common maka ndị dị otú ahụ na ozu - na elu okpomọkụ.

Yellow ìhè nwere ike nweta ke N'ezie evolushọn. Otú ọ dị, ihe ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị dị otú kpakpando na-emi odude na isi usoro Hertzsprung-Russell esereese. Nke a na-akpọ-acha odo odo dwarfs, nke na-agụnye anyanwụ.

The isi kpakpando nke usoro

Dwarfs dị otú ahụ na-enye ìhè na-akpọ n'ihi na nke dịtụ obere size. Sun n'obosara averages 1,39 x 10 ⁹ m, uka nke - 1,99 x 10 ³⁰ n'arọ. Ma kwa na-budata elu karịa ndị e ji mara nke Earth ma na mbara igwe, na-adịghị ihe nke ahụ nkịtị. E nwere ndị ọzọ odo kpakpando, dị ka ihe atụ n'okpuru, dị nnọọ n'ihu nke anyanwụ na size.

N'elu okpomọkụ nke ìhè anyị na-esịmde 6 tysyach Kelvin. Sun na-ezo aka spektral klas G2V. N'eziokwu, ọ na-ewepụtarịrị fọrọ nke nta dị ọcha na-acha ọcha na ìhè, Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ọdịdị nke planet ikuku na-etinye obi gị dum site na mkpụmkpụ-efegharị efegharị nke ụdịdị dị iche iche. N'ihi bụ a -acha odo odo tint.

Atụmatụ odo Dwarf

Obere size-enye ìhè na-ji otu nnukwu Ekliziastis. The nkezi uru nke a oke - 10 ijeri afọ. The anyanwụ na-now odude odika n'etiti nke ndụ okirikiri, ya bụ, ka wepuÚ site na isi usoro, na-esikwa n'ime a red ibu, ọ na-anọgide na ihe banyere 5 ijeri afọ.

Star, odo, na metụtara ndị ụdị "Dwarf" nwere akụkụ yiri anyanwụ. Energy isi iyi nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ozu - njikọ nke helium si hydrogen. The ọzọ evolushọn nzọụkwụ ha kwaga mgbe kernel amalite na-agwụ hydrogen combustion helium.

E wezụga Sun na-acha odo odo Dwarf ezo Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Corona Borealis, Bootes Mu, Tau Ceti na ndị ọzọ na-enye ìhè.

Yellow subgiants

Stars dị ka Sun, mgbe na-agwụ ike na hydrogen mmanụ ụgbọala, na-amalite ịgbanwe. N'otu oge, ke ntọala nke a helium ọkụ na-enwu amụbawo n'ime a red Rafa. Otú ọ dị, a nzọụkwụ agaghị abịa ozugbo. Akpa, na-amalite na-esure elu n'ígwé. The kpakpando arahụ isi-usoro, ma ọ bụghị ma gbasaa - ọ bụ na subgiant ogbo. Uka nke ndị dị otú ahụ ọkụ na-emekarị dịgasị site 1 5 anyanwụ pụta.

Yellow subgiant ogbo nwere ike na-ebe na ndị ọzọ nnukwu size nke kpakpando. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ha, a na ogbo bụ obere akpọ. The kasị ama subgiant taa - ya Procyon (Alpha Canis Minor).

a ezigbo ụkọ

Yellow kpakpando, ndi aha e nyere n'elu, na-nnọọ nkịtị n'eluigwe na ala ụdị. Ma ọ bụghị ihe na hypergiants. Ndị a bụ ezigbo ndị dike, nke na-atụle ihe ndị kasị njọ, na-egbuke egbuke na nnukwu, na n'otu oge ahụ na-enwe nke kasị nso ndu ndimmadu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a maara hypergiants na-egbuke egbuke-acha anụnụ anụnụ variables, ma e nwere n'etiti ha na-acha ọcha, odo na kpakpando, na ọbụna red.

Otu n'ime ndị a obere ohere ozu-agụnye ihe atụ, Rho Cassiopeia. Nke a odo hypergiants, luminosity bụ 550 puku ugboro outstripping anyanwụ. Si na mbara ala anyị ọ na-ewepụ na 12,000 ìhè afọ. On a doro anya abalị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ na gba ọtọ anya (o ihie - 4,52m).

supergiants

Hypergiants - a pụrụ iche banyere supergiants. Nke ikpeazụ na-agụnye-acha odo odo na kpakpando. Ha, dị ka-enyocha mbara igwe, bụ a Transitional ogbo nke mmalite nke ìhè-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha uhie uhie supergiant. Otú ọ dị, na ogbo nke odo supergiant kpakpando nwere ike ndụ ogologo oge. A, na a ogbo ìhè evolushọn adịghị anwụ anwụ. Na niile na-amụ na mbara e dere ya nanị abụọ supernovae eme odo supergiants.

Ndị a na-enye ìhè na-agụnye Canopus (Alpha Carinae) Rastaban (Beta Dragon), Beta Aquarius na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ ihe.

Dị ka a pụrụ hụrụ, kpakpando nke ọ bụla, odo dị ka anyanwụ, nwere kpọmkwem e ji mara. Otú ọ dị, ha niile nwere ihe jikọrọ - agba nke na-esite na kpo oku nke photosphere ụfọdụ okpomọkụ. E wezụga ndị a, ka ndị dị otú ahụ na-enye ìhè na-agụnye Epsilon Shield na Beta Corvi (egbuke egbuke Refeyim), na Southern Triangle Delta na Beta Camelopardalis (supergiants), Capella na Vindemiatrix (Refeyim) na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ w ozu. Ọ ga-kwuru na agba zoro aka na nhazi ọkwa nke ihe ọ bụghị mgbe nile-adaba na-ahụ anya. Na nke a emee n'ihi na ezi hue nke ìhè na-ekpu n'ihi na gas na ájá, na mgbe-agafe site ikuku. Iji chọpụta agba nke astrophysicists eji a spectrograph igwe: ọ na-enye a ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ ezi ihe ọmụma karịa mmadụ anya. N'ihi ya, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike ịmata ihe dị iche-acha anụnụ anụnụ, odo na-acha uhie uhie na kpakpando, anya site n'ebe anyị na dị anya.