Afghan ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Mohammad Najibullah: biography, akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụzọ ndụ

Devotee ọtụtụ ugboro, Mohammad Najibullah hụrụ na ike bụghị ndida ha ndị mmadụ na mba ha. Egwu ogbugbu nke onye bụbu president eju bụghị nanị na-akwado ya ma na-iro, iwe niile Afghan ndị mmadụ.

biography

Mohammed Najibullah - statesman, president nke Afghanistan si 1986 na 1992. A mụrụ na obodo Milan, nso n'obodo Gardez, August 6, 1947. Nna-ya, Akhtar Mohammad arụ ọrụ na konsuleeti na Peshawar, ndị nna nna - onye ndú Ahmedzai ebo. Mohammad Najibullah nwata nọrọ nso eshgham-Afghan ókè-ala, e gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị.

Na 1965 Najibullah sonyeere Democratic Party na ada iwu na-akwadoghị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche otu ụmụ akwụkwọ. Na 1969 enye ama jidere maka akpọ ndị mmadụ ka ha na njikere nke ọgba aghara, na-ekere òkè n'ime ihe ngosi na-etiwapụ. Na January 1970 e jidere ya ọzọ, nke a oge akparị ndị United States na-eme ihe megidere nnọpụiche nke mba. N'oge ngosipụta, ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ tụbara àkwá igwe Spiro Agnew - Vice-President nke United States.

The mbụ biri n'ala ọzọ

Na 1975, Mohammad Najibullah gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Medical University na Kabul, na mgbe ọbụna ihe na-elekwasị anya na-eme nke ọzọ, na 1977, a họpụtara ya so na Central Committee of the People Democratic Party nke Afghanistan. Mgbe mgbanwe o duuru na Saur Revolutinary Council na a party kọmitii na Kabul. Ma nghọtahie n'ime party amanye ya na-ahapụ isi obodo, Najibullah e zigara Iran ka ukọ. Ma na October 1978 ọ nọ na wepụrụ si ọrụ na-efunahụ nke ụmụ amaala, adịru Mohammad Najibullah manyere gaa Moscow, ebe ọ na-ezo ruo December 1979 ruo Soviet agha abanyeghị n'ókèala Afghanistan.

Homecoming

Back na mba, Najibullah malitere na-edu nche agha, na-amụba ya mkpara iri atọ na puku ọrụ, bụ isi mmadụ 120 na-arụ ọrụ na nche ọrụ. Ma mgbe ahụ, ọ na-ekwe ka na-arụ ọrụ na udo, ọtụtụ òtù, gụnyere "Amnesty International", boro ya ebubo itinye aka na iwu akwadoghị njide, ịta na oke ruru mmadu imebi. Ma ọ dịghị ihe àmà nke ebubo bụ, n'oge ya ozi na Khad nweghị ndị dị otú ahụ uka ụjọ na mbibi nke ha onwe ha dị ka ndị n'oge ọchịchị Amin.

Afghan: Mohammad Najibullah - President

November 30, 1986, Najibullah a họpụtara president nke Afghanistan. Ma ebe ọ bụ ya mbata na mba ndú na otu malitere ọzọ gbawara n'etiti: ụfọdụ na-akwado Karmal, ndị ọzọ na - na nke ugbu a president. Iji n'ụzọ ụfọdụ ná mma agha ọzọ, na January 1987 na ọ nakweere a nkwupụta 'na mba dị ná mma. " Declaration edepụta ọgwụgwụ nke nọ n'ọrụ agha na-edozi esemokwu site udo mkparita uka.

Na December 1989, n'ime ụbọchị mgbe Soviet agha hapụ Afghanistan, ndị Mujahideen malitere imegide ndị Jalalabad. Mohammad Najibullah mara ọkwa a steeti mberede na mba. March 5, 1990, ndị ikpe nke jidere halkistami. Na nzaghachi, na mba agbachitere ozi Shahnawaz Tanai haziri agha nnupụisi. Ya ndò na otu nke bunkers, Mohammad Najibullah nyere iwu suppression nke nnupụisi, ndị na-eguzogide e gburu site n'oge March. The nhazi nke nnupụisi gbagara Pakistan, ebe ọ ekemende sonyeere gbalaga Hekmatyar.

Betrayal n'akụkụ niile

Na 1990, Shevardnadze chọrọ iji kpochapụ Commission na-arụ ọrụ na Afghanistan, ya mkpebi na-akwado, na n'otu oge ahụ na-akwụsị na ọkọnọ nke ogwe aka. N'ihi ya, mba ahụ nọ na-ekpe na-enweghị nkwado nke Soviet Union, na ya, na President Nadzhibulla Mohammad. Political sayensị - ọkà mmụta sayensị nke na-agbanwe agbanwe na-ejighị n'aka, na-esote igbu bụ US. Na 1991, Dzheyms Beyker bịanyere aka a iwu na nchupu ngwá agha na mgbọ onunu na-emegiderịta ọzọ na Afghanistan. Nke a ukwuu belata mmetụta nke Najibullah. April 16, 1992 nyefeela ya post Najibullah Abdur Rahim Hatefu, onye chere na obere onyeisi oche. Na na April nke afọ , General Dostum haziri a kuu nke mere ka ike na-Mujahideen.

Na mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1992, ọchịagha Hekmatyar na Massoud ebubo ọ bụla ọzọ nke arara ma na-ahapụ na ngwá agha na ngwá agha n'ụlọ nkwakọba, ekpe Kabul. N'otu oge ahụ na Soviet Union liquidated ya Embasii Afghanistan. Najibullah na-akwado ya nyere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbapu ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mba, gụnyere Russia na US, ma, o kpebiri ịnọ na Kabul, adịghị njikere otutu obodo n'ime ndị dị otú a siri ike.

Tupu kpọọ nke obodo o jisiri ike smogul nwunye ya na nwanne ya na ụmụ Delhi. Na Kabul, bụ nwanne ya Shapur Ahmadzai, isi nke nche Dzhafsar, isi nke ụlọ ọrụ nke Nadzhibulla Mohammad na Toohey. Journey nke ndụ na-amanye ndị bụbu president ịgbaba na Embassy of India, na mgbe ahụ United Nations. The ọchịchị nke mba ahụ, na agbanwe agbanwe na na 1995 na 1996, na choro inye Najibullah. The ike na ọ bụ a igbu gburu megide mbụ allies. Kozyrev (Ọzọ Minister) kwuru na Moscow na-achọghị inwe ihe ọ bụla na-eme na remnants nke gara aga ọchịchị ke Afghanistan.

Ikpeazụ dike

September 26, 1996, na Taliban were Afghan isi obodo, Kabul, Najibullah na-akwado ya na-e si UN ụlọ ọrụ. A jụrụ ya banye a akwụkwọ na ude nke Pakistan-Afghan ókè-ala, ma ọ jụrụ. Mgbe ndị kasị oké ịta ahụhụ, ọ na-ama ikpe ọnwụ mbụ President Mohammad Najibullah. The egbu wee ebe na 27 September, Najibullah na nwanne ya nwoke kegide a ụgbọ ala ma dọkpụrụ na president eze, ebe mgbe kwubara.

Lie Najibullah mgbe omenala nke Islam na Taliban iwu, ma ndị mmadụ ka na-echeta na-asọpụrụ ya na ebe nchekwa: ndị mmadụ na Peshawar na Quetta na nzuzo na-agụ na ya ekpere. Mgbe ozu ya ka enyefere na Red Cross, Ahmadzai ebo, ebe nna nna ya bụ onye ndú, e liri ya nwaafo obodo nke Gardez.

On nke iri na abụọ ncheta nke ọnwụ nke Najibullah mbụ anakọtara rally iji na-asọpụrụ ya na ebe nchekwa. Isi nke Party nke Afghanistan "Vatan" Dzhabarhel aro na Mohammad Najibullah e gburu iro na ndị iro nke ndị nọ n'elu iwu si n'èzí. A 2008 nnyocha e mere nke bi gosiri na 93,2% nke ndị bi bụ na ihu ọma nke Najibullah.