Mannerheim Line. The itunanya nke Mannerheim Line

The ihe, nke na-adọta mmasị na mgbe nile na-mmasị nke ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke ndị mmadụ, bụ a set nke na-echebe ihe mgbochi Mannerheim. Finnish agbachitere akara emi odude ke Karelian Isthmus. Ọ bụ a otutu bunkers, blasted na dotted na metụtara nke shells, nkume ahịrị tank mgbochi, trenches na gwuru mgbochi tank ọwa - niile ọma chebere, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ọ dịla karịrị afọ 70.

Na-akpata agha

Ihe kpatara agha ogu USSR na Finland bụ na ha kwesịrị iji hụ na nchekwa nke obodo nke Leningrad, dị ka ọ bụ nso Finnish ókè. Na eve nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ Finnish na-edu ndú dị njikere inye ya n'ókèala dị ka a rata ka ndị iro nke ndị Soviet Union, na tumadi - ka Hitler Germany.

The eziokwu na Leningrad 1931 e bufere ọnọdụ nke obodo nke mba pụtara ma na-akụkụ nke ókèala isiokwu ka Leningrad City Council, ọ bụ na n'otu oge ahụ na ókè-ala na Finland. Ọ bụ ya mere Soviet na-edu ndú na-amalite na mkparita uka na mba, ịkpọ ya ịkọrọ ha ala. The Council agwa ókèala ugboro abụọ karịa anyị na-enweta na-erite. The ịsụ ngọngọ na ndokwa gosipụtara na-ezo na-arịọ na USSR ebe na Finnish ala ndị agha bases. Ma ndị ọzọ na-adịghị kwere, nke mere ka mmalite nke Soviet-Finnish, ma ọ bụ ndị na-akpọ Winter War. Ma ọ bụghị ya, Leningrad gaara weghaara Hitler ama agha ka na mmalite nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya na ohere nke dị nnọọ a ụbọchị ole na ole.

prehistory

Echiche nke "Mannerheim Line" na-ezo aka a mgbagwoju nke akụkọ ihe mere eme e wusiri ike, nke na-egwuri a isi ọrụ na Soviet-Finnish agha. Ọ dịgidere na oge site na November 30, 1939 na March 13, 1940.

Ozugbo Finland nweela onwe, ọ malitere ozugbo na-eche banyere ha sie ike ala, na na n'oge 1918, ndị na-ewu nke barbed waya na saịtị nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ebube agha na ọta Mannerheim na oru. The akara e mesịrị kwadoro na 1920 na mbụ maara dị ka "akara Enkel" na nsọpụrụ nke ya na-ewu duru Major General O. L. Enkelya, onye bụ mgbe ahụ Chief of General Staff. The Mmepụta nke e wusiri ike bụ a French ojii JJ Gross Kaussi, zigara Finland aka ike n'ókè-ala nke mba a. Ma, na-esonụ ama guzosie ike site oge omenala, mgbagwoju e wusiri ike na-akpọkarị na nsọpụrụ nke "nnukwu bosses", dị ka Maginot Line ma ọ bụ Stalin. Ya mere, iji zere mgbagwoju anya, ndị a na-egbochi e renamed na aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke Ọchịagha ndị agha nke Republic of Finland Karla Gustava Mannerheim, a bụbu onye agha na ndị agha Russia.

E wusiri ike na ọta Finland

Mannerheim Line - a akara nke na-azara ọnụ maka 135 km, nke na-kpamkpam gafere dum Karelian Isthmus - si Gulf nke Finland na Lake Ladoga. Site West Military Communications gafere obere ewepụghị na obere kpuchie ugwu nta ebe, ekpuchi a multiple amaokwu n'etiti obere ọdọ mmiri ndị na marshes. Nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na akara ahụ dabeere Vuoksinskie mmiri usoro, nke ya onwe ya bụ a dị oké njọ na-egbochi. N'ihi ya, na oge site na 1920 ka 1924 na Finns e wuru ihe karịrị otu narị na-adịgide adịgide agha nrụnye.

Site na njedebe nke 1927 ọ bịara doo anya na wuru ihe mgbochi Enckell àgwà nke ụlọ na ngwá agha dị ala karịa Soviet chebe onwe, otú ha na-ewu a kwụsịtụrụ. Na 30s ọzọ maliteghachiri ndị na-ewu nke ogologo oge ụlọ ọrụ. Ha na-wuru a ntakịrị, ma ha na-nnọọ ike na ndị ọzọ siri ike ịhụ.

Ná mmalite 30s na post of onyeisi oche nke State Defense Council họpụtara Mannerheim. The akara ka ebe na-wuru na-elekọta.

E wusiri ike - pillboxes

Ihe kacha mkpa na-azara ọnụ igbochi warara na-eje ozi ọnụ, nke gụnyere ọtụtụ ihe bunkers (inogide ọku isi) na bonka (ọkara n'ụwa emplacements), na igwe egbe akwụ, bunkers na égbè trenches. Dị ka akara nke na-azara ọnụ ewusiri ike e enịm nnọọ n'ụzọ na-ekwekọghị, na anya n'etiti ha bụ mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna na esịmde 6-8 km.

Dị ka a maara, ndị agha na-ewu dịgidere ruo ihe karịrị otu afọ, ya mere, site na oge na-ewu nke bunkers na-ekewa n'ime ọgbọ abụọ. The mbụ bụ egbe emplacements, wuru na oge site na 1920 ka 1937, na nke abụọ - na 1938-39 oge. Bunkers bụ ndị mbụ ọgbọ, - a nta ike, e mere ka dabara naanị 1-2 egbe. Ha na-adịghị kwadebere nke ọma na enweghị echebe maka agha. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe mgbidi na n'uko mere gafere 2 m. Mgbe e mechara, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na kwalite.

The abụọ emana na-agụnye ndị na-akpọ otu nde, dị ka ha na-eri na-eri Finnish ndị mmadụ na 1 nde Finnish akara ọ bụla. A ngụkọta nke 7 ndị dị otú ahụ dị ike na egbe emplacements nwere Mannerheim Line. Pillboxes otu nde mmadụ ndị kasị oge a na oge nke mesikwuru ihe owuwu, onwem na loopholes 4-6, 1-2 nke nke di egbe ala. Ndị kasị sie ike na kasị e wusiri ike bunkers e weere Sj-4 "Poppius" na Sj-5 "nde".

All pillboxes na-ọma camouflaged na nkume na snow, ya mere oké ike ịchọpụta, na inwere mkpọrọ ha mkpụrụ ndụ e fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume.

iju mmiri mpaghara

Ke adianade a nọmba nke ogologo oge na ubi e wusiri ike na-envisaged na dịtụ wuru iju mmiri zones. All nke a na mberede akasiaha hostilities gbochiri ha kpamkpam rụchaa, ma ọtụtụ dams na-wuru ma. Ha na-mere nke osisi na ala nke osimiri Tyueppelyanyoki (ugbu a Alexandrovka) na Rokkalanyoki (ugbu a Gorokhovka). The dam nke ihe-eguzo na osimiri Peronyoki (p. Perovka), nakwa dị ka a obere Plotinka on Mayayoki na gbochiri mmiri na Sayyanyoki (ugbu a na district. Wolf).

antitank mgbochi

Ebe ọ bụ na agha na Soviet tankị zuru, site n'onwe ya usuu ajụjụ nke otú mbuso ha. Waya nwere ogwu, mbụ arụnyere na Karelian Isthmus, ike-atụle a mma mgbochi armored ugbo ala, n'ihi ya, e kpebiri na igbutu stockade nke konkiri na igwu antitank ọwa omimi nke 1 m na obosara nke 2.5 m. Otú ọ dị, dị ka ọ na tụgharịa si na N'ezie nke hostilities, nkume dragon ka ezé ha adighi ike. Ha enutụ ma ọ bụ chụọ n'ọrụ si ogbunigwe egbe. Mgbe ugboro ugboro bombardment konkiri ebibi, n'ihi na obosara na ndeputa kpụrụ.

Maka dragon ezé Finnish injinia arụnyere n'elu 10 ahịrị mgbochi na ndị mgbochi tank mines, obiab.

wakpo

Winter War nwere ike kewara abụọ nkebi. Nke mbụ dịruru si November 30, 1939 na February 10, 1940 Sturm Mannerheim Line bụ ndị kasị sie ike na ọbara maka Red Army n'oge ahụ.

Mesịrị bụrụ a dị ike mgbochi, n'agbanyeghị ya niile adịghị emezi emezi, bụ fọrọ nke nta na-agaghị emerili mgbochi Soviet agha. Na mgbakwunye na nke di ọku-eguzogide ndị Finnish agha, a nnukwu nsogbu ndị ike iri anọ na ogo frosts, nke ghọrọ, dị ka ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, isi ihe mere maka odida nke ndị Soviet mills.

February 11 na-amalite nke abụọ na-adọ oyi mkpọsa - general iwe nke Red Army. Site n'oge a, na Karelian Isthmus e kere kacha ibu nke na ngwá agha na manpower. A ụbọchị ole na ole e nwere ogbunigwe nkwadebe, shells Mmiri zoro ala na ọnọdụ nke Finns, onye lụrụ ọgụ n'okpuru idu ndú nke Mannerheim. Line na dum gbara ya gburugburu ebe e kpamkpam tụrụ bọmbụ. Ya na ala nke ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ihu n'agha aka mmiri nke Baltic Fleet na e guzobere ọhụrụ Ladoga Flotilla.

itunanya

Ụbọchị atọ kere wakpo ndị mbụ ga-echebe, na February 17 ndị agha nke 7th Army mesịrị kwụsị site na ya, na Finns manyere kpamkpam ahapụ mbụ ha akara na-akpali nke abụọ, na n'oge February 21-28, na efu ya. Itunanya nke Mannerheim Line duru Marshal SK Timoshenko, onye were na iwu nke I. V. Stalina North-Western Front. Ugbu a 7th na 13 Army na nkwado nke ala gbara osimiri okirikiri nkeji nke Baltic Fleet-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri malitere a na nkwonkwo na-akpasu iwe na warara nke Gulf of Vyborg na Vuoksi ọdọ. Ịhụ ụdị ihe onslaught nke onye iro, na-Finnish agha hapụrụ ọkwá ha.

N'ihi ya, nke abụọ itunanya nke Mannerheim Line e dechara site eziokwu na, n'agbanyeghị na-achọsi ike na-eguzogide nke Finns, 13 March, na Red Army gara Vyborg. Nke ahụ bụ ọgwụgwụ nke Soviet-Finnish agha.

Results nke agha

Dị ka a n'ihi nke Winter War, ndị Soviet Union nke nwetara ihe ọ bụla ọ chọrọ: mba n'ụzọ zuru ezu weghaara Lake Ladoga, nakwa dị ka ọ nweela akara nke Finnish n'ókèala 40 puku sq. M. km.

Ugbu a, ọtụtụ ndị na-arịọ, ma mkpa a agha? Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka mmeri na Finnish mkpọsa, Leningrad ga-aghọ akpa ke ndepụta obodo emetụta iwe nke Nazi Germany.

Tours nke ebe nke agha

Iji ụbọchị, ọtụtụ ndị ụlọ-ebibi, ma n'agbanyeghị nke a, njem mmụta n'ebe nke agha nke Winter War ka ẹkenịmde, na mmasị ọ na-adịghị emenyụ emenyụ. Chebere ewusiri ike ka nke oké akụkọ ihe mere eme mmasị - na agha engineering akụkụ, na dị ka a ebe mgbakọ maka toughest nke agha a ọkara echefu agha.

E nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala emmepe na-emepe emepe pụrụ iche na omume ndị na-esonụ na saịtị, ebe Mannerheim Line. The tour na-emekarị na-agụnye akụkọ banyere nkebi nke ya ewu, nakwa dị ka ọganihu nke agha.

Iji nweta a obere obi na-adị na-enweta ndụ n'ime Finnish na Soviet ụsụụ ndị agha, na-ahazi njem nleta Field nri ehihie. Ọ na-ike-photographed megide backdrop nke grandiose rụrụ na ọcha nke ngwá, ịhụ ma jide na-aka nke ụdị nke ngwá agha.

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọ bụla agha esemokwu e nwere ndị ka ọtụtụ ndị ìsì tụrụ, zoro ezo ihe na eziokwu. Ọ bụ sokwa, na agha nke Soviet Union na Finland 1939-40. Enye ama osụhọde n'ubu nke ihe gbakee abụọ. Na nnọọ 105 ụbọchị, mgbe a na-alụ ọgụ, e gburu ihe 150 puku. Man, banyere 20 puku. Ne. Ebe a na-arụpụta nke nkera echefu na, dị ka ụfọdụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ, na "na-enweghị isi" agha. Dị ka ihe ncheta nke dara agha ekpe n'ọgbọ agha na-pụrụ iche na ya akporo Mannerheim Line. Photos nke oge ndị na nkume na uka ili ka na-echetara anyị nke heroism of Soviet na Finnish agha.