Yugoslavia. The agha Yugoslavia: Chronicle nke Ihe

Political see nke superpowers dị ka USA na USSR, nke e kere si n'etiti afọ 40s na n'oge 90s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, na mgbe na-amalite n'ime a n'ezie agha agha, emewo ka ntoputa nke ndị dị otú ahụ a na okwu dị ka Agha Nzuzo. Yugoslavia - a mbụ socialist si ọtụtụ mba na mba, nke malitere na-ada iche fọrọ nke nta n'out oge na Soviet Union. Isi ihe kpatara ya bụ ihe ikwanye mmalite nke agha agha, bụ ọchịchọ nke West ka ya mmetụta na n'ókèala na n'oge gara aga bụ ndị Soviet Union.

The agha Yugoslavia ẹkewetde nke a usoro nke agha, nke were afọ 10 - si 1991 na 2001, na-emecha dugara disintegration nke ala, nke rụpụtara na guzobere ọtụtụ ibe nọọrọ onwe ha na-ekwu. E nwere ofu-agbụrụ ọgụ agwa, nke e gara site Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania na Macedonia. The agha Yugoslavia malitere n'ihi na nke agbụrụ na nke okpukpe echiche. Ihe omume ndị a weere ọnọdụ na Europe, ghọrọ onwe ha ọbara na n'oge 1939-1945.

Slovenia

The agha Yugoslavia malite na agha na 25 June - 4 July 1991 The n'ezie ihe omume na-aga azụ ka unilateral nkwupụta nke onwe nke Slovenia, dapụtara na n'etiti ya na nke Yugoslavia, agha dara. The Republic idu ndú emewo akara kpukpru ala ma ikuku ohere nke mba. Obodo agha nkeji malitere ịkwadebe maka ọdịdọ nke JNA n'ogige ahụ.

Yugoslav Ndị mmadụ Army zutere di ọku eguzogide si obodo dị iche iche. The ngwa ngwa wuru barricades na-egbochi ụzọ na soro JNA agha. The Republic e kwuru nchikota ndi mmadu di, na ndị ndú ya rịọrọ ụfọdụ mba Europe.

Agha biri dị ka a n'ihi nke bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke Brioni nkwekọrịta, nke chọrọ ka ndị JNA kwụsị agha, na Slovenia atọ ọnwa kwụsịtụ aka n'ime Declaration na mkpọsa nke onwe ya. Weere si Yugoslav agha mere ka nke 45 ndị mmadụ gburu na 146 merụọ, na Slovenian, karị, 19 ma 182.

N'oge na-adịghị SFRY nlekọta ẹkenyịme mmeri na-anabata onwe nke Slovenia. Ná mmechi, JNA wezugara ya agha si na ókèala ndị ọhụrụ ala.

Croatia

Mgbe Slovenia nweela onwe ha n'aka Yugoslavia, na Serbian nke ndị bi bi n'ógbè ebe, gbalịrị ike a dị iche iche na mba. Ha na-akpali ha na ha chọrọ ikwụpu eziokwu na ọ sịrị na mgbe niile na-emegide iwu ndị ruuru mmadụ. Iji mee nke a, na separatists malitere ike na-akpọ onwe-agbachitere nkeji. Croatia were ya dị ka mgbalị ya accession na Serbia na ebubo ya emegide nke mgbasa, nke mere na na August 1991, malitere nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ọgụ.

N'ime 40% nke mba na-alụ agha. Croatia E zubere ka tufuo Serbia na-achụpụ ndị JNA. Volunteers na-achọ inweta nọworo na-nnwere onwe, n'otu dị iche iche nke ndị nche na niile agha chọ onwe ha na ndị ezinụlọ ha onwe.

Bosnian agha

1991-1992 afọ akara mmalite nke ụzọ nke ntọhapụ site na nsogbu na Bosnia and Herzegovina, nke ọ na-ebu Yugoslavia. The agha a na-emetụta ọ bụghị naanị otu Republic, ma ya agbata obi ala. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a Nsogbu a dọtara uche nke NATO, EU na UN.

N'oge a na agha edinam weere ọnọdụ n'etiti Bosnian Alakụba na ha co-okpukpe, ratuyuschimi maka obodo kwụụrụ, nakwa dị ka ndị Croatia na Serbia site na njikere iche iche. Ná mmalite nke nsogbu na esemokwu na ọ gụnyere JNA. A obere ka e mesịrị anyị sonyeere NATO agha, mercenaries na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo si dị iche iche n'akụkụ.

Na February 1992, a amaghị na e mere na nkewa nke Republic n'ime 7 akụkụ, abụọ nke ndị na-aga Croatia na ndị Alakụba, na atọ - na Serbia. Nke a na nkwekọrịta ka e mma site isi nke Bosnian agha nke Alija Izetbegovic. Croat na Serb mba kwuru na ọ bụ nanị ohere iji kwụsị agha, mgbe ahụ, ndị agha obodo na Yugoslavia iso, na-adọta uche nke fọrọ nke nta niile na mba òtù.

The agha sitere Bosnians Alakụba, nke mere na e kere Army nke Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Na May 1992, ndị ARBiH ghọọ ukara njikere agha nke a ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nọọrọ onwe ha ala. Nke nta nke nta hostilities kwụsịrị dị ka a n'ihi nke bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke Dayton Agreement, nke kpebisiri ike iwu Ọdịdị nke oge a na onwe ha Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Operation "ụma amanye"

Ọ bụ koodu aha e nyere ndị keikuku bombardment nke Serb ọnọdụ ke ọgụ ogu Bosnia and Herzegovina, nke kwadoro a NATO. Ihe kpatara nke launching ọrụ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe mgbawa na 1995 na ókèala ndị Markale ahịa. Kpebisie ike na okpu perpetrators nke iyi ọha egwu, ma NATO nyere ibu ọrụ n'ihi na ihe mere ndị Serbia, onye haa jụrụ ịdọrọ ya ngwá agha si Sarajevo.

N'ihi ya, ihe mere eme nke agha Yugoslavia iso ọrụ "na-eche banyere ike nke" n'abalị August 30, 1995. Ya mkpa bụ iji belata ekwe omume nke Serb wakpo na mma zones, nke guzobere NATO. Aviation UK, USA, Germany, France, Spain, Turkey na Netherlands malitere awakpo Serb ọnọdụ.

N'ime izu abụọ, e ji ihe karịrị puku atọ flights nke NATO ugbo elu. The pụta bụ mbibi nke bombu Rada nrụnye, n'ụlọ nkwakọba na mgbọ na ogwe aka, àkwà mmiri, Telecommunication njikọ na ndị ọzọ dị mkpa akụrụngwa. Na, n'ezie, isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ na-enweta: Serbia ekpe Sarajevo na oké ígwè.

Kosovo

The agha Yugoslavia iso agha na daa n'etiti ndị ighe na Albanian separatists na 1998. The bi Kosovo chọrọ iji nweta nnwere onwe. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọnọdụ na NATO na-etinye aka, nke mere na ọrụ malitere n'okpuru aha "Allied Force".

A ogu a n'usoro esonyere imebi nke ruuru mmadụ, bụ nke mere ka ọtụtụ ndị na-anwụ na oke eruba nke kwabatara - a ọnwa ole na ole mgbe akasiaha agha, e nwere ihe otu puku nwụrụ anwụ na unan, na ihe karịrị 2 puku ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ ... The pụta agha bụ mkpebi nke United Nations na 1999, dị ka nke e meela ya n'ezie n'ezie site na-egbochi resumption nke agha na nloghachi nke Kosovo n'okpuru ọchịchị nke Yugoslavia. Security Council iji hụ ọha iji, na-elekọta m ihe, na demilitarization nke KLA (Kosovo Ntọhapụ Army) na njikere iche iche nke Albania.

"Ọrụ Allied Force"

Nke abụọ-efegharị efegharị nke mbuso agha nke North Atlantic Alliance na ighe wee ebe si March 24 na June 10, 1999 The ọrụ wee ebe n'oge mkpocha agbụrụ na Kosovo. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị International Tribunal enen ibu ọrụ nke nche agha nke ighe maka mpụ megide Albanian bi. Karịsịa, "Na-echebara ihe ike" n'oge mbụ ọrụ.

The Yugoslav ọchịchị hụrụ 1.7 puku. People nwụrụ anwụ, 400 n'ime ha ụmụ. . About 10 puku mmadụ nọ na-merụrụ ahụ na 821 - na-efu efu. The aka n'ime Military ụzụ Agreement n'etiti NATO na JNA gwụsịa na bombardment. The agha nke NATO na mba ochichi meriela mpaghara. A obere ka e mesịrị, ike ndị a e nyere agbụrụ Albania.

Southern Serbia

The esemokwu n'etiti ndị iwu na-akwadoghị na njikere otu, nke a na-akpọ "Ntọhapụ Army nke Medvedja, Bujanovac na Presevo", na fr Yugoslavia. The n'elu nke ọrụ Serbia coincided na arịa ọrịa nke ọnọdụ na Macedonia.

Na agha na ndị bụbu Yugoslavia, fọrọ nke nta kwụsịrị mgbe eru ụfọdụ nkwekọrịta n'etiti NATO na Belgrade na 2001, nke na-ekwe nkwa nloghachi nke Yugoslav agha n'ala nchekwa mpaghara. Ke adianade do, nkwekọrịta e banyere on guzobe a uwe ojii, nakwa dị ka ihe mgbaghara na militants, onye kpebiri n'afọ ofufo na-atọgbọ.

See ke Presevo Valley na ekwu na ndụ nke 68 ndị mmadụ, 14 n'ime ha bụ ndị uwe ojii. Albanian-eyi ọha egwu rụrụ 313 ọgụ, nke kwuru 14 ndị mmadụ (9 nke ha na-anapụta ndị, ma akara aka nke anọ na-anọgide na-amaghị nke a ụbọchị).

Macedonia

The mere maka ogu a na mba ọ dị iche iche si aga agha na Yugoslavia. The see okwu weere ọnọdụ n'etiti Albanian separatists na Masedonia maka fọrọ nke nta dum 2001

Ọnọdụ malitere njọ na January, mgbe ndị ọchịchị nke Republic àmà ugboro ugboro ikpe nke mbuso agha megide ndị agha na ndị uwe ojii. Ka Macedonian nche ọrụ were dịghị ihe, ndị bi na egwu onwe-zụọ ngwá agha. Mgbe ahụ, site na January na November 2001, e nwere mgbe niile clashes na Masedonia nke Albanian iche iche. The kasị ọbara mere n'obodo Tetovo.

N'ihi ya, e mesoro nke ndị agha na akụkụ nke Macedonia e nwere 70 ndị mmadụ, na Albanian separatists - banyere 800. The agha biri na bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke Ohrid Agreement n'etiti Macedonia na Albanian agha na ada na Republic na mmeri na-alụ maka nnwere onwe na Transition ka oruru nke udo ndụ. The agha Yugoslavia, akukonsinooge nke ihe nke eze-agwụ na November 2001 na, n'eziokwu, na-aga n'ihu n'oge a. Ugbu a, ọ nwere uma nke dị iche iche na-etiwapụ na njikere clashes n'ebe bụbu Yugoslavia.

Results nke agha

Na agha oge ya kere International Criminal Tribunal maka bụbu Yugoslavia. Nke a akwụkwọ nwere weghachiri ikpe ziri ezi ka ndị ahụ tara nke esemokwu niile mba (ma e wezụga Slovenia). Specific mmadụ n'otu n'otu, ọ bụghị dị iche iche, na-aka kpọmkwem na mpụ megide mmadu, a hụrụ na ahụhụ.

N'oge 1991-2001 ,. nile na ókèala ndị bụbu Yugoslavia ọ ama esịn banyere 300 puku. bombs na wepụtara banyere 1 puku. agba. Na-alụ nke onye mba onwe kere òkè bụ isi nke NATO, nke na-etinye aka na oge na arbitrariness nke Yugoslav ọchịchị. The agha Yugoslavia, afọ na ihe ndị a emeela ọtụtụ puku ndị nkịtị, ga-ejere ozi dị ka a ihe ọha mmadụ, n'ihi na ọbụna nke oge anyị a ndụ kwesịrị ọ bụghị nanị inye ekele, ma niile na-esi na-akwado ndị dị otú ahụ a na-emebi emebi udo n'ụwa.