Agha maka Moscow

Agha nke Moscow na 1941 n'akụkọ ihe mere eme banyere ọgụ nke USSR megide Germany nwere ihe pụrụ iche. Dị ka ndị na-eme nchọpụta si kwuo, agha ahụ bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya, ike na ọrụ agha. Agha nke Moscow nọrọ ihe karịrị ọnwa isii. Ogologo n'ihu, nke agha lụrụ ọgụ - ihe dị ka puku kilomita abụọ. N'ime ọrụ agha, ihe karịrị nde mmadụ nde 2.8, 21,000 mortars na egbe, ihe dị ka puku 2,000 nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na ihe karịrị 1.6 puku nke nke ụgbọ elu na-gụnyere n'akụkụ abụọ.

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1941 Soviet Union bụ na a nnọọ ike ma dị ize ndụ agha footing. The usoro ụzọ bụ na-aka nke ndị agha Germany, ma agha na ndị Soviet Army akwusila isi ebumnuche nke Wehrmacht. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịbanye na isi obodo nke Army Group Center. Dika iwu German si kwuo, nchichi nke Leningrad, tinyere ihe ndi ozo nke emere na Ukraine, mere ka onodu di mma maka ihe ojoo.

Agha nke Moscow malitere na Septemba 30. Nke a agha na ndị isi obodo nke Soviet Union, na German iwu a kwadebere dị ka ndị ikpeazụ maka dum mkpọsa. Ndị Germany nyere aha ọrụ a "Ụjọ". N'ụzọ doro anya, ha echeghị na ọ bụla na-eguzogide ma na-ese okwu megide ajọ ifufe na-eme ihe ike.

Agha nke Moscow weere ọnọdụ dị elu karịa ndị agha Germany. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị nke a, ndị agha Russia nwee ike iguzogide onye iro ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu.

Gọọmenti German kpebiri itinye isi obodo Soviet Union tupu mmalite ihu igwe oyi. Nkwado site na nnukwu ụgbọ elu nke ụgbọelu nyere ndị Germany ohere ka ha daa n'ihu, gbara ndị agha isii nke Russia gburugburu n'ógbè mpaghara Vyazma na Bryansk. Dị ka data German si kwuo, mmadụ 663,000 bụ ndị e jidere mkpọrọ. N'iji njikọ tank, ndị agha Germany n'ime ụbọchị iri gafere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kilomita 250 ma rute akara Kalinin (Tver) - Mozhaisk - Kaluga.

Site na October 30, ndị na-awakpo ahụ nwere mpaghara Kalinin-Tula. Iwu Germany malitere ịmalite ịkwado ma malite ịmalite ịgha agha. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-eme mkpọtụ site na flanks iji gbanye isi obodo Soviet Union.

Mmegide ọhụrụ ndị agha German malitere na November 16. Nte ededi, ke akpa usen oro enye okosobode ndisọn̄ọ mbọn̄ udịmekọn̄ Soviet. N'elu ọzọ izu atọ ndị agha Germany merela agadi naanị 50-80 kilomita, na-eru otú a bụrụkwa ihe ịga nke ọma.

Ndị Germany bụ ndị kacha nso ndị Germany na nso obodo Kryukovo, nke dị kilomita 23 n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ. Na oge site na November 16 ruo Disemba 5, na agha ahụ, ndị agha German gburu mmadụ 153,000, merụrụ ya, na-egbu egbu.

Ọgwụgwụ nke November - mmalite nke December bụ akara site na ọtụtụ mgbochi ọgụ, gụnyere yana mbata site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mba ahụ. Kemgbe December 5, agha maka Moscow emeela ka ọ bụrụ iwe. N'ịbụ ndị nọ n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta ọnụ, ndị agha Soviet bụ ndị mmụọ nsọ na-agbasi ike, na-achọsi ike imeri onye iro ahụ ma chebe isi obodo nke ala nna ha.

N'otu oge ahụ, ndị agha Germany nọ n'ọnọdụ nsogbu, na njikọ nke olileanya ha maka mmeri dị mfe, yana agha n'ọhụụ, ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị iche iche maka ha. Ndị agha Soviet nwere ike ịdakwasị ndị mwakpo ahụ narị kilomita abụọ site na ya, ma ha apụghị imeri ha kpamkpam.

Ndị kachasi ike na-alụ ọgụ na mpaghara Vyazma na Rzhev. N'ebe ahụ, agha malitere site na February ruo Eprel 1942. Agha maka isi obodo na April 20 gwụsịrị.

Agha ahụ maka Moscow, n'ụzọ dị nkenke, kwụsịrị echiche ahụ na ndị agha Hitler apụghị imeri emeri. Mmeri a bụ mmeri mbụ nke ndị agha Germany ma kwuo na ọ bụ atụmatụ ya niile maka "ọkụ, ọkụ na-enwu ọkụ", nakwa ọdịda nke usoro iwu iwu mba ọzọ nke ọchịchị Germany.