Akụkụ nke ihe owuwu ma na crustacean ndụ. The uru nke akịrịkọ na ọdịdị na ndụ mmadụ

Alaka nke usoro ndu nchegbu banyere ọmụmụ nke ndụ nke na-ebi n'ụwa, a na-akpọ ụmụ anụmanụ kwuru. Onye nke ya na ngalaba okwu kpọmkwem a ìgwè nke multicellular ụmụ anụmanụ - crustacean. Ha mebere atumatu, e ji mara nke ndụ, nakwa dị ka uru nke akịrịkọ na ọdịdị na ndụ mmadụ ga-atụle n'isiokwu a.

systematics crustaceans

N'etiti invertebrate ntule bi na mbara ala anyị, ụmụ anụmanụ na-eguzo, nke na-achọkwa na ụmụ ahụhụ ụdị. Crustaceans bụ otu n'ime superclasses a taxon, onye òtù-ebi tumadi na ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ oké osimiri mmiri. Naanị ụfọdụ n'ime ha, dị ka woodlice na ala crabs ebi mmiri ala ebe. Na Superclass crustaceans agụnye: ala ọkwa ọrịa cancer na elu klas (decapod) ọrịa cancer.

N'aka nke ya, onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị a taxa mejupụtara nta taxonomic iche iche - iche iche. Lower crustaceans bụ ihe ndabere nke zooplankton, otú ha dị mkpa na ọdịdị na ndụ mmadụ. N'ụzọ bụ isi, dị ka otu n'ime ndị mbụ njikọ na nri yinye ike, ala ọrịa cancer na-nri isi maka azụ na aquatic mammals. Ekele òtù nke iji isopods, copepods na cladocerans, oké osimiri e kere eke na-a zuru protein nri dị ka a akụkụ nke ala ahu ọrịa cancer na-agụnye digestible polypeptides.

Na a na klas nke elu crustaceans agụnye otu unit - decapod, nke na-anọchi anya ụmụ anụmanụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka crabs, lobsters, lobsters na oporo.

Avilable crustaceans

The ndabere nke nkewa n'ime klas nke ụmụ anụmanụ na-etinye n'elu niile iche dị na mpụga na ihe owuwu ndị a ntule. Na ala ọrịa cancer ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka Cyclops (copepods detachment), daphnia (Cladocera detachment), chickweed (Isopoda detachment), ahụ mejupụtara a na-abụghị mgbe nile ọnụ ọgụgụ nke agba (agba) na afo na anọghị N'ịdị. Ke akpatre nke, ọ bụ a kpọmkwem mmụta - ndụdụ. Ahụ bụ nro na mkpa chitin shei, site na nke translucent esịtidem akụkụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ.

The elu crustaceans, onye nnọchiteanya nwere a ike chitinous shei impregnated na wayo, na ọbụna nnọọ iche nke ahụ na cephalothorax na afo na a mgbe nile na-ọnụ ọgụgụ nke agba ha na ha. Ya mere, ịsha golovogrudnom na ngalaba 5 na 8 agba, karị, na afo nwere 6 agba. Ọzọkwa malacostraca, na iche na ala, nwere na-egwu mmiri ụkwụ na afo.

Metabolism na mkpa ọrụ

Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, ndụ bụ ukwuu n'ime crustaceans n'ime mmiri. Ya mere, ha na-akpọ n'ụzọ doro anya pụta ìhè idioadaptation - mmegharị a kpọmkwem na gburugburu ebe obibi: ume ofụri idem elu ma ọ bụ gills streamlined ahu udi, shei esịnede chitin na impregnated na a mmiri-ọgwụ ọchụ umi - calcium carbonate.

Systems nke crustaceans dị ka ọbara, akụkụ okuku ume na gbasara akụrụ-enye homeostasis - mmezi nke nkịtị metabolic larịị. Ọ ga-kwuru na ndị niile na crustaceans bụghị a mechiri emechi usoro ọbara ji erugharị, na obi nke akpa anya dị ka a pentagonal ahụ na 3 ụzọ abụọ nke valves. Na ya n'aka-cephalothorax na afo wezuga akwara na-ebu ọbara na-eburu nri na oxygen niile akụkụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ, n'ihi na mbuaha ahụ uji eze, na-akpọ miksotselem. N'ihi na o nwere na-ama venous ọbara abatakwa gills, nke a tọhapụrụ site carbon dioxide na oxygenated, mbịne n'ime ọbara. Site n'oghere pericardium, ọ na-aga ozugbo na obi.

Szczytno - a ụdị ìgwè nke crustaceans

Ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a, nke bụ otu ìgwè nke freshwater bi nwere ike na-ebi ephemeral ponds. Mgbe mmiri anwụ na-amịrị, ọ schiten gwuru na ala a ụfọdụ oge anaghị atụfu ya vitality. Àkwá tọrọ site nwanyị na ala nke esite nwere ike ịchekwa ruo afọ 15. Ha na-adị mfe ebu site ifufe ọnụ na ala ahụ, otú Szczytno ndụ fọrọ nke nta n'ebe nile ma e wezụga Antarctica na African desat.

Lifecycle crustaceans

The nnochite anya nke a superclass izute ma ya mfe iche-iche, dị ka kpọmkwem mmepe nke ịsha, na ihe mgbagwoju, gụnyere larval nkebi. Na nke a, na mmepe a na-akpọ anọ. Ọ na-ahụkarị maka iche iche nke copepods na cladocerans, na Oputakwara na elu ọrịa cancer, n'ihi na ihe atụ, oporo ma ọ bụ ịsha. Crustaceans, ndị nnọchianya nke ndị pelagic ma ọ bụ planktonic larval ụdị, na-akpọ nauplii na zoea, ekesa na ọdịdị: ọ bụ ndị bi osimiri nke Australia, North America na Europe. All n'ụzọ nke ndụ okirikiri nke crustaceans achịkwa ha endocrine usoro ọkọnọ androgenic postkomissuralnymi na imi glands. Ha secrete homonụ na-achịkwa usoro nke pubati moult na mgbanwe nke erùrù n'ime ndị okenye.

The uru nke akịrịkọ na ọdịdị na ndụ mmadụ

Animals esịnede detachment nke decapods dị ka lobsters (lobsters), ịsha, crabs, bụ bara uru azụmahịa umu-enye ụmụ mmadụ nri na elu-protein anụ. Nke dị oké mkpa bụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke ala ịsha: Cyclops, daphnia, mmiri na inyinya-ibu, nke bụ nri azu, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka salmon na Sturgeon.

Ịsha, nke a na-akpọkarị ọgwụ na-eje ozi, ọcha na ala nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ organic residues. Mgbe uru nke akịrịkọ na ọdịdị na ndụ mmadụ na-akarị ike nke oma mgbe, ma ụfọdụ ụmụ anụmanụ ndị na-emerụ ahụ, dị ka azu kaapu Igwu ime ka oke ọnwụ nke azụmahịa azu umu. A Cyclops bụ n'etiti ụsụụ ndị agha nke parasitic ikpuru: Guinea irighiri na tapeworm n'obosara.

Anyị ahụwo na ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a na-gụnyere ke ụmụ ahụhụ ụdị, ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa njikọ ke eke ecosystems nke mbara ala anyị na mkpa nke crustaceans na ọdịdị na ndụ mmadụ ga-agaghi eleda. Ufodi ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a (atụ, osimiri shirokopaly cancer, Mantis) -edepụtara dị ka nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, na mbibi ha bụ ntaramahụhụ ya na iwu.