All banyere otutu nouns: oblique ikpe, kpọmkwem na enwe, obere mara affixes

The mbụ na nkà mmụta sayensị definition nke ikpe (dika V. A. Uspenskogo) nyere a mgbakọ na mwepụ site na aha Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich. O kweere na a na-achọ aka nke bụghị naanị iwu, syntactic, ma ọmụmụ gbasara asụsụ ngwaọrụ. The oge a definition bụ dị ka ndị a: Ọ bụrụ na - a udi nke okwu na-egosi ya syntactic ọrụ na-anọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma na-enyere njikọ onye okwu a otu unit.

Okwu ahụ bụ "ikpe", dị ka aha ndị ikpe, e si sụgharịa Latin na Grik.

E nwere isi ihe abụọ na ụdị nke ikpe: kpọmkwem ọnwụ ọnwụ. N'ihi kpọmkwem ikpe gụnyere nominative na nnara na anọ - nke ọzọ anọ na ụdị (genitive, dative, instrumental, prepositional).

Okwu bụ "kpọmkwem" na "anọ" ọnwụ pụtara na anyị asụsụ na njikọ na oge ochie echiche banyere iju dị ka a ndiiche si na ezi ụdị okwu. Ntụnyere E duziri na dais, ebe ọdịda ma ọ bụ ogologo n'akụkụ (kpọmkwem ọnwụ), ma ọ bụ anọ n'akụkụ (oblique ikpe) maka ihe ọ bụla mpịakọta.

Ileba usoro ke Russia na-anọchi anya isii ikpe. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere inyeaka okwu, ka ha n'ụzọ ziri ezi mata.

1). Nominative - okwu na nominative ikpokọta na inyeaka okwu "bụ."

2). Genitive - inyeaka okwu na "ọ dịghị."

3). Dative - inyeaka okwu "enye."

4). Nnara - inyeaka okwu "na-ata ụta".

5). Instrumental - inyeaka okwu "obi ụtọ" ( "kere").

6). Prepositional - inyeaka okwu "na-eche (ihe)."

Ọzọkwa n'ihi mfe, ha nkọwa nwere ajụjụ ikpe. Direct ikpe nwere otu ajụjụ abụọ: nominative azịza ajụjụ bụ, "Ònye? Gịnị? "Ndien nnara -" Ònye? Gịnị? ". Ajụjụ anọ otiti dị iche iche. Genitive -aza ajụjụ, "Ònye? Gịnị "dative -" Ònye? Gịnị ", instrumental -" Gịnị? The "prepositional -" Of onye? Banyere ihe? "(" Onye? Gịnị? ").

Na Russian asụsụ na ikpe ịdị iche iche na -agbasaghị nouns, adjectives, nnọchiaha na n'ọnụ ọgụgụ. Ọgwụgwụ nke okwu - abụghị ihe ọ bụla ma a ụzọ na-egosi a na-adakpọ.

Direct na anọ ọnwụ ọnwụ na-abụghị nanị di iche iche nke ikpe, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-azọrọ. E nwere ndị ọzọ affixes:

1). Vocative - ọ bụ nke asaa ikpe na Russian asụsụ ruo 1918 na e ji mee ihe mgbe na-ezo aka a onye. Ihe Nlereanya vocative ikpe - Katyas, An, Tan, nna nna, docha. Ugbu a vocative ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ-anọchi nke dative.

2). Quantitatively-kewara ọnwụ - eji maka noun, na-egosi ihe integer na-akwanyere akụkụ ụfọdụ, mgbe kwuru. Na ụlọ akwụkwọ usoro, forms of okwu quantitative na nkewa na enwe apụta na genitive.

3). Locative ikpe - a prepositional ikpe, jikọtara na mgbakọ. Ọ na-aza ajụjụ ndị nke "Gịnị? Ebe? ". Ihe atụ: ikwu banyere table, na-na tebụl.

4). Ablative - ikpe na a noun, na-egosi ebe mmalite nke ije. Ihe Nlereanya: m na-eje ije si n'ọhịa.

E wezụga ihe otiti ndị a, guzo a ole na ole: agụta, nwa oge zhdatelny, yana idobe okirikiri, na ndị ọzọ. The kpọmkwem ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ikpe ka amaghi.

E nwere nsogbu nke akọwapụta bụrụ na nke a noun na nke, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ nnara, prepositional ma ọ bụ vocative.

Mba dị iche iche ha ikpe usoro, mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe na-emekarị ndị na-Russian morphological, stylistic na ndị ọzọ na ihe mgbakwasị. Abroad affixes na-eji ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka gbasara ohere, possessive, isi iyi, nke ndu, lishitelny na nnara, ablative, dative na ndị ọzọ.

Na asụsụ ebe enweghi otiti, na-eji ụzọ ndị ọzọ na-egosi na ọrụ nke okwu a ikpe (n'iji prepositions na postpositions, a ụfọdụ iji nke okwu na ederede).

Ọ dị m mkpa ịmara affixes? N'ezie, i kwesịrị, n'ihi na ihe mere na ha na-amụ, ọbụna n'ụlọ akwụkwọ!