Fontanka osimiri: ihe mere eme, foto

Fontanka River - obere okenye iyi na-anọchite anya otu n'ime ndị na ọwa Neva Delta St. Petersburg. Alaka si n'aka ekpe nke Neva River nso Summer Garden, na aga n'ime Neva River n'ebe ndịda nke mbụ Galerny Gutuevsky na n'ebe ugwu nke agwaetiti ahụ, na mmalite nke Gulf nke Finland. Arc intersects akụkụ bụ isi nke obodo dị n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-direction na bụ ókè ebe ndịda nke Delta. esite ogologo bụ 6.7 km, obosara àmà site 35 ruo 70 m, omimi -. 2.6 na 3.5 m a dị otú ahụ na-egosi na o nwere Fontanka osimiri. Gịnị mere ọ na-akpọ ihe na ihe akụkọ ihe mere eme, anyị pụrụ ịmụta site na nke a n'isiokwu a.

Mmiri nke osimiri usoro, onye nke ise na-eme ka Delta nke Neva River, nwere 12 ọwa mmiri. The mmiri na isi iyi bụ nkezi nke 34 cubic mita. m / s, downstream, mgbe branching echekwa - 24 cu. m / s, na n'ebe ndịda nke compound na ọwa na Kryukov confluence Griboedova - 22 cu. m / s. The eruba ọnụego na mkpara ahụ isi ya ka Anichkova akwa - nkezi nke 0.3-0.4 m / s na n'okpuru - 0.2-0.25 m / s.

Aha nke Fontanka River

The mbụ aha nke osimiri - Eric. Mgbe ndị na-ewu nke isi-iyi, n'ihi na ha raara onwe ya nye ọkọnọ uzo agafe stream e wuru. First hydronym ghọọ a iyi, na mgbe e mesịrị - na Fontanka.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Fontanka

Ruo mgbe 1714 adọ mmiri osimiri ahụ, guzobere ya ugbu a na obere àgwàetiti, mara dị ka Nameless ma ọ bụ nanị Erik Erik. Ruo mgbe a tọrọ ntọala nke St. Petersburg na akụ bụ a Russian obodo Usaditsa, na nso ka ọnụ - Izhora mmezi na Finnish aha Kalyula, mgbe e mesịrị renamed Kalinkina obodo. N'oge ndị na-ewu obodo na 1711 na Fontanka osimiri Moika jikọọ a na-ukwuu n'ime mmiri duct, eji maka ịsa ákwà.

Construction, nwughari na mbibi na Fontanka

N'oge ndị na-ewu nke mbụ osisi akwa kacha obosara nke mmiri dị ka a osimiri Fontanka, ruru 200 mita, ma Pita m n'ọrụ iwu ihe na obodo kwụsịrị mgbe ọnwụ nke a ọwa mmiri re-na-abanye n'ụwa malite na blurry quays, na-eme ya nnọọ ike igodo. Na afọ 1743-1752 e rụrụ ihicha na ike nke na-mkpọda. Ya ugbu a aha osimiri ahụ n'oge ọchịchị Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Anna Ivanovna, ekele isi-iyi, ịtọ ya nri akụ na Summer Garden. Ha na-nri na mmiri si Lithuanian ọwa na ọdọ mmiri ọdọ mmiri (ugbu a - Square) gwuru na akuku nke Avenue nke Grik na oge a na n'okporo ámá Nekrasov, wee wegara na tube ogige. Sami isi-iyi e bibiri oké idei mmiri ahụ mebiri na 1777 na mkpebi nke Catherine II mmekwata. ha kpọliteghachiri nanị mgbe a zuru ezu ntaghari ohuru na 2012.

ókè-ala

Ruo mgbe n'etiti XVIII narị afọ, Fontanka River e weere dị ka ókè ebe ndịda nke obodo, n'ofè nke e nwere mba ala nke ndị ọgaranya ma ama. The ugbu a na-imezi na akụkụ kpuchie ọwa mmiri, gụnyere unyi osimiri Tarakanovka. Ókè nke St. Petersburg e kwagara uzo ọwa, ma akara Fontanka ọtụtụ iri afọ nọrọ na n'okpuru n'ihu ụlọ. N'etiti osimiri nke Fontanka na Moika, na Kryukov Canal, na XVIII-XIX ọtụtụ narị afọ bụ a suburban ebe nke isi obodo, aha ya bụ Kolomna.

Na-arụ ọrụ na River

Na afọ 1780-1789 na Fontanka ọzọ sụrụ na mikwuo ọwa, nakwa dị ka oru ngo mepụtara site na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ A. V. Kvasovym, wuru lined na konkiri embankments, ohere ụzọ na osimiri agbụrụ. Ke n'etiti ndị XIX narị afọ, bụ osimiri na mpaghara nke ugbu Vitebsk Station e jikọọ na uzo akara site Vvedensky, iji ébé ụfọdụ okporo ụzọ na lie ya 1967-1969 afọ. Na 1892, ndị Fontanka malitere ịga njem ụgbọ mmiri. Ugbu a, osimiri abụọ na-ụzọ okporo ụzọ nke obere ụgbọ mmiri na isi njem nleta ụgbọ mmiri. N'oge oyi, bụ na mgbanwe nke n'aka nke City Council e ẹkenịmde na ice rinks ọha.

mmiri ọṅụṅụ

Nlele nke mmiri ọṅụṅụ maka gburugburu bi e rụrụ n'elu gara aga narị afọ abụọ. Mmiri na-ebuga na green orù, na iche na Neva, bottled na-acha ọcha, na n'ihi na oké ofufe ugboro ugboro ghọrọ ihe na-akpata ntiwapụ nke ọrịa nke gastro-nsia ọrịa. Nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ewu nke ọgwụgwọ osisi na ébé nsị na na Neva Bay mma gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ, na na 1970 azụ azụ n'ime osimiri ahụ.

Biota

Isi osisi anọghị ka a dum na Neva River, ala gbara osimiri okirikiri osisi na, dị ka mmiri si na ihu lined na nkume. Fontanka River (foto n'okpuru) bụ bụghị ọgaranya fauna. Hụrụ azụ ndụ na ala esịmde nke Neva River na Delta, gụnyere whitefish, bream na lamprey. Tupu mgbanwe ke osimiri ọtụtụ ndị ngịga na ndụ azụ, wetara maka ire site elu esịmde nke Neva River na Lake Ladoga. Ugbu a, n'ihi na mma àgwà nke mmiri ọgwụ, azu na Delta nke Neva na-aghọ ndị ọzọ na na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Fontanka omume ntụrụndụ ịkụ azụ, ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọkachamara na-adịghị ike ikwu eri jidere ya adị njọ na rotan. Fish si àkwà mmiri na-nditịm ajuru aju. The avifauna na-anọchi anya ot Petersburg maka Waterfowl umu - ọbọgwụ na Seagulls.

àkwà mmiri

Shore dị otú ahụ otu okenye iyi ka Fontanka osimiri na-ejikọrọ na àkwà mmiri 15, nke bụ isi na-adọrọ mmasị. The kasị ama n'etiti ha bụ ndị: asa ákwà, otu n'ime ndị mbụ nkume crossings wuru na St. Petersburg, Anichkov, a ma ama equestrian ọkpụkpụ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ Klodt, na Ijipt akwa, mma na abụọ sphinxes na anọ na nkedo-ígwè oriọna-mgbidi a wụrụ awụ. The ikpeazụ hit na osimiri ice bụ Jan. 20, 1905 ruru ka resonance ịda n'oge Itie a skwodron nke Horse-Grenadier ndi agha, ma mesịa weghachiri naanị na 1955-1956. Na XVIII narị afọ, ọ e wuru asaa yiri yinye mmiri na osisi e jikọrọ abụọ abụọ. N'ime ndị a Lomonosovski (bụbu Chernyshev) na Old-Kalinkin echekwara dị ka akara, ma ha Central akụkụ na-anọchi ígwè na ígwè.

nlegharị anya

Near na Summer Garden na afọ 1715-1722 e debere particularity ano, ebe ruo 1762 e wuru nta arịa nkịtị. Ná ngwụsị nke XVIII narị afọ na saịtị nke ya wine na nnu n'ụlọ nkwakọba na-wuru, nke bụ ya mere ebe a na-akpọ Salt City. Site na nke a ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju ẹnịm ụlọ chọọchị nke St. Panteleimon. N'okpuru ebe ekpe ụlọ akụ nke Anichkov akwa e wuru na nkera nke abụọ nke XIX narị afọ. E biri Iwu School, mgbe - Sheremetev Obí (Iyi House) na Anny Ahmatovoy Museum, na mbụ Catherine Institute. Mgbe nrutu nke Nevsky -Atụmanya bụ n'obí Prince Beloselsky-Belozersky, mgbe mbụ Izmailovo ubi na ala na ụlọ nke na-ede uri Derzhavin.

Na nri akụ nke na-esite na-akpọ Fontanka osimiri na St Petersburg na alaka echekwa na ncherita-Summer Garden bụ Mikhailovsky Castle, wuru dị ka obi nke Paul m, na nke ugbu a, a n'alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke Russian Museum. Next abịa na Shuvalov Obí, bụ ebe e nwere a onwe ngosi nka nke Faberge, Anichkov Obí, na ensemble nke Lomonosov square na ụlọ nke mbụ Ministry nke esịtidem Affairs, wuru na 1830 site Carlo Rossi. E nwekwara ụlọ nke St. Petersburg State ọgbọ egwuregwu, Big Drama Ụlọ ihe nkiri, Yusupov Obí, na nso n'ọnụ - aru Admiralty Shipyards. Na 1994, na seafront na St. Michael si Castle bụ a ncheta nke akụkọ ifo finch-Pyzhik, otu n'ime ndị kasị nta na na St. Petersburg. Nke a bụ Fontanka osimiri ahụ, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke bụ nnọọ ihe ọmụma na mkpa n'ihi na ala.