Architecture nke Moscow Kremlin. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e kere eke na nkọwa nke Moscow Kremlin

Architecture nke Moscow Kremlin-enye gị ohere nweta nkọwa zuru ezu nke otú Center mbụ wuru Russian isi obodo. The ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble agụnye ụlọ arụsị, plazas, ime-ulo ụlọ. Taa, ndị nlegharị anya, na-a lee anya na-abịa ọbịa na njem nleta si nile Russia na si mba ọzọ.

Kremlin Construction

Architecture nke Moscow Kremlin e hiwere na njedebe nke XV narị afọ. Main elu na mgbidi e wuru na afọ 1485-1495. Red brick e ji mee, na a nkume ọcha na ngwa agha. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na obodo-nwe na-adịghị ruru eru maka ndị dị otú ahụ arụ ọrụ. Ya mere, anyị kpọrọ mba ọzọ ndị ọkachamara. Ivan III goro maka owuwu nke Moscow Kremlin architects si Italy.

Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ụlọ nche wuru mgbe niile Russian nwe. The eziokwu na ha udi bụ reminiscent nke e ji mara osisi ụlọ. Dị ka ọ maara nke ọma, mgbe nkà nke ịkwa nkà na Russia ruru ya zuo okè, nyeere onwe ya vasatail ihe onwunwe, na ọrụ na a na mgbe nile dị mkpa, dị ka site n'oge ruo n'oge nnukwu ọkụ ndi nile ụlọ. Iji zere nke a, na-ewu nke Moscow Kremlin nkume e ji.

Assumption Cathedral

Otu n'ime ndị isi ụlọ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble - mwere Katidral. Ọ e wuru na saịtị nke mbụ nkume nke katidral na Moscow, wuru site Ivanom Kalitoy ke akpa ọkara nke XIV narị afọ. Architecture Moscow Kremlin kowara nka Ọdịdị na ọtụtụ ụzọ.

Cathedral malite iwu na 1475. N'ihi na a sample e yiri okpukpe ụlọ ke Vladimir XII narị afọ. N'ihi ya, otu ugboro ọzọ pụta ìhè Moscow continuity na-akwanyere Vladimir, nke e mbụ na-ewere otu n'ime ndị isi obodo na Russia.

N'elu ọzọ 400 afọ, ọ bụ isi chọọchị na Russia. Ọ na-kpuwere eze-achị achị. Isi n'ọnụ ụzọ na-emi odude si Cathedral ebe. Ụzọ mbata nke isi temple nke Moscow Kremlin dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ekpemede onyeisi ndị mmụọ ozi Michael, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke a na-edenye n'elu na njiko. Ka n'elu Virgin na Child.

The iconostasis, nke taa, anyị pụrụ ịhụ na mwere Cathedral, dechara ese Atọ n'Ime Otu Lavra of St. Sergius n'etiti ndị na Asaa na narị afọ.

N'oge Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nke 1812, n'oge ụlọ nke Moscow Kremlin e doro kwakọrọ na mbibi. M sokwa na Katidral. Part nke Loot si French na mgbe ịmaliteghachi ịhụ na Russian Cossacks.

Katidral nke Annunciation

Architecture Moscow Kremlin enweghị ike chere enweghị Katidral nke Annunciation. Ọ na-emi odude ke edem usụk-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Katidral Square. Ọ e wuru na mbubreyo XV narị afọ. Ọrụ rụrụ Pskov nwe.

N'oge ọchịchị Ivana Groznogo e mmasị owuwu ụzọ mbata ya na elu ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata nke nkume ọcha.

Nke a temple nke Moscow Kremlin e wuru na omenala nke n'oge Moscow ije. Taa, murals nke oké mmasị bụ Cathedral, nke pụtara na mmalite nke XVI narị afọ. Isi n'uru nke Artel nka, nke mere Theodosius na nwa ya Daịọnisiọs. Ọtụtụ akụkọ nke isiokwu nke Apọkalips. I nwekwara ike izute na-ego bu n'obi. Ka ihe atụ, Russian isi na ndị Byzantine eze ukwu.

Unique n'ala nke katidral. Ya tọrọ pụrụ iche taịl agatovidnoy oké ọnụ ahịa jasper.

Katidral nke Onyeisi Ndị Mmụọ Ozi

Nke a katidral na mgbidi nke Moscow Kremlin pụtara na mmalite nke XVI narị afọ. Ọ wuru a na ịga na Italian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Aloisio ọhụrụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ gbasoro n'ọdịnala Russian ije. Atụmatụ nke Italian Renaissance na-ele ya anya naanị na ndị ọgaranya mma nke temple.

Ya na-ewu e rụrụ na saịtị nke oge ochie Katidral si na Ivan Kalita wuru na XIV narị afọ, na ebe nchekwa nke nnapụta nke isi obodo nke ntiwapụ nke ọrịa nke agụụ. Ọ kagburu n'ihi tightness, gwakwara elu ohere maka a saa mbara chọọchị.

Cathedral kpuwere ya ise domes. Central gilded, na n'akụkụ nanị na-ese na silver agba. Ke ẹbọ nke Italian Renaissance, mere nke nkume ọcha pịrị portals.

N'oge Napoleon si arụ nke bụ isi obodo nke wine nkwakọba dị ebe a. On ebe ịchụàjà ahụ, French haziri a kichin, na akụ nile n'agha.

Church nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda

Ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama bụ a obere ụka, wuru site Russian omenkà na mbubreyo XV narị afọ. Ọ pụtara na saịtị nke ochie osisi ụka deposition nke Uwe Mwụda, nke e wuru mgbe Tartars gbaghachi azụ si Moscow.

Na 1451, ha bịara obodo ahụ nso, ma ha mere abụghị wakpo ya, na-atalata, ahapụ ihe niile Loot. The Orthodox Church nyere okpukpe, ikwere maka a ọrụ ebube. N'ezie, Tatars gbaghachi azụ n'ihi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iche n'etiti warlords.

The ọhụrụ chọọchị kpọrọ mebiri site ọkụ 1737. Ọ weghachiri-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Michurin.

Ụlọ Ngwá Agha

Chamber nke Moscow Kremlin taa ndị dị oké mmasị maka njem nleta. The mbụ hotara banyere ụkpụrụ na bụ ugbu a na ngwá agha nwere ike dị na 1339. Ọbụna na ugboro Ivana Kality guzobere onyeisi akụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ihe ịchọ mma, tableware, Ecclesiastical arịa, oké ọnụ uwe na ngwá agha.

Ná ngwụsị nke XV narị afọ, ọ na-emi odude otu n'ime emmepe nke Russian nkà na crafts. Ọzọkwa ebe a na anyị bụ ndị onyinye si mba ọzọ embassies. Ib, silver ngaji, emume ịnyịnya njikota.

Site 1485-atụnye ka toro nke ukwuu nke na e kpebiri iru a iche iche okpukpu abụọ nkume ụlọ n'etiti Annunciation na Onyeisi Ndị Mmụọ Ozi Katidral. Ọ a na-akpọ ukara okụre.

faceted Chamber

Faceted Chamber nke Moscow Kremlin - otu n'ime ole na ole akụkụ nke n'obí, nke anwụghị site n'oge Ivan III. Ọ bụ ya dị ebube ocheeze ụlọ. Nke a bụ ndị kasị ochie obodo nkume ụlọ ke Moscow.

ские мастера при помощи приглашенных итальянцев - Пьетро Солари и Марко Руффо. Ọ e wuru na 4 afọ skie Russian nwe na-enyemaka nke kpọrọ Ịtali - Pietro Solari na Marco Ruffo.

The Chamber bụ a square ụlọ, nke na cross vaults, akwado a kọlụm na center nke ụlọ. Hall 9 mita ìhè ruru n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị dị na windo 18 na anọ oke Chandeliers. Ngụkọta nke ebe faceted Chamber nke Moscow Kremlin bụ fọrọ nke nta 500 square mita.

Ná ngwụsị nke XVI narị afọ, mgbidi ya na-ese na chọọchị na Bible Mpaghara. Ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, ọ bụ ebe a na omume ndị kasị mkpa mere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian ala. Ebe a dọọrọ mba ọzọ embassies na ndị nnọchianya bụ, zutere Zemsky Sobor. Mgbe nile na faceted Chamber eme ememe mmeri nke Russian ogwe aka. Ka ihe atụ, na-eme ememe Ivan Grozny kpọọ nke Kazan, na Peter m merie ndị Swedes na Poltava.

Red Square,

Red Square, Moscow Kremlin pụtara na XV narị afọ. Taa ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe nnọchianya nke ọ bụghị nanị na isi obodo, ma na obodo, ya kaadị azụmahịa.

Ya tọrọ Ivan III, onye nyere iwu ka ibibi niile osisi ụlọ gburugburu Kremlin. Ebe ọ bụ na ha na-kpọrọ egwu na ọkụ. Ebe a, ya na iji, e n'okpuru ahia. Ya mere, na mbụ na-akpọ Red Square Trading. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ruo ogologo oge.

Ugbua na XVI narị afọ, ọ e renamed Atọ n'Ime Otu. N'ihi na nke dị nso Holy Trinity Church. Mgbe e mesịrị ya ebe pụtara Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Dị ka akwụkwọ, na Asaa narị afọ, ebe a maara dị ka Fire. Ọ gaghị echefu ya echefu toponymic akpali mma nke Ancient rus. N'oge ahụ, otu ihe n'otu oge nwere ọtụtụ ukara aha.

Red Square na aha ya bụ na eze dị ka naanị ke XIX narị afọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ nke akwụkwọ bụ aha dị na Asaa na narị afọ. The ihe aha, dị ka akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Vladimira Dalya, bụ nna nna anyị hà okwu "red" pụtara a mma, magburu onwe ya.

Ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, ndị Red Square atụ, ị nwere ike Chọpụta otú Moscow Kremlin. Na XV narị afọ e nwere pụtara na Kremlin mgbidi na ụlọ nche nke ama - Sineti, Spasskaya na Nikolskaya. Na XVI na narị afọ, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo na ebe-egbu ha. Na XIX narị afọ - Historical Museum, Upper Trading ahịrị, nke a na-akpọ ndị chịngọm, na ncheta Minin na Pozharsky. XX narị afọ mere ka Red Square mausoleum na Kremlin Wall Necropolis.

St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Wuo ụlọ nsọ a na n'etiti XVI na narị afọ. Ha wuru ya na nsọpụrụ nke kpọọ nke Kazan Russian agha. The ụlọ bụ a magburu Ọdịdị nke ogidi 9 nke adahade n'elu n'ala na-interconnected gallery. Ọ na-agwakọta ihe ndị mejupụtara nke Central ogidi nke okpueze ahụ n'ụlọikwuu, ya na a ji achọ cupola on top. Ọtụtụ ndị pụrụ iche na-Moscow ịhụ maka nke a temple.

Eight ogidi gburugburu isi tent. All ọzọ akpatre ibuot n'ụdị bulbs.

Na akụkụ nke Spassky Tower abụọ nke ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata na Ofel nke temple. Site n'ebe ahụ i nwere ike inwe na cloister. Njem nleta na ndị bi na isi obodo ka na-adọrọ mmasị na agba nke temple, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na e mere ọtụtụ narị afọ gara aga. Ese St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo ezi nna ukwu. Ha na-eji nanị eke na agba na Nchikota na nkume ọcha na-acha uhie uhie brik. Nke ikpeazụ, mere ndị kasị nta na nkọwa. Bright sere e dechara na Asaa na narị afọ. Mgbe e nwere ndị e mesịrị ose, mgbe ahụ, ha na-etinye mgbịrịgba elu na uka nke ụlọ nsọ ahụ dị n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Iji nwere anwụghị architects aha na nọ na-ewu a ịrịba ama n'ụlọ okpukpe. Aha ha Posnik na Barma.