Atomic oxygen: bara uru Njirimara. Gịnị bụ atọm oxygen?

Kere a dị oké ọnụ ahịa sere na E ji a na-agbawa obi ọkụ. Mara mma na agba ji nlezianya etinyere na a dịgasị iche iche nke agba, n'anya n'okpuru n'ígwé nke nwa soot. Ọ ga-adị, irretrievably efu masterpiece.

nkà mmụta sayensị na anwansi

Ma enwela obi nkoropụ. Sere na-enịm ke a agụụ ulo n'ime nke umi-emepụta a dị ike-adịghị ahụ anya, na-akpọ atọm oxygen. N'ime awa ole na ole ma ọ bụ ụbọchị, nwayọọ nwayọọ ma n'ezie akpagide epupụta na na agba na-amalite na-egosi ọzọ. Kpuchie na a ọhụrụ oyi akwa nke uzo ghọọ, ihe osise laghachi ebube mbụ ya.

O nwere ike iyi na ọ bụ majik, ma ọ bụ a na sayensị. The usoro, mepụtara ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eme nnyocha center Glennovskom (GIZ) NASA na-eji atọm oxygen maka nchekwaba na mweghachi nke ọrụ nkà, a ga-uzọ ga irreparably mebiri emebi. Umi bụ nwekwara ike kpamkpam sterilaiz ịwa implants mere maka ahụ mmadụ, nke budata ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke mbufụt. N'ihi na ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa shuga, ọ nwere ike melite glucose nlekota ngwaọrụ, n'ihi na nke na a òkè nke ọbara chọrọ maka ule na mbụ chọrọ na ọrịa nwere ike ịchịkwa ọnọdụ ha. The umi nwere ike textured polima elu mma adhesion nke ọkpụkpụ mkpụrụ ndụ, nke ga-emepe elu ọhụrụ, ohere na nkà ọgwụ.

Ma ọ bụ a dị ike umi nwere ike nwetara kpọmkwem site na ikuku.

Atomic na molekụla oxygen

Oxygen dị iche iche dị iche iche-iche. The gas na anyị na-ekuru akpọ O _2, ya bụ, na ọ mejupụtara abụọ atọm. E atọm oxygen, nke usoro nke - O (atọm). The atọ ụdị nke chemical mmewere - O _3. Nke a ozone, nke ka ihe atụ, ndị dị na Earth si elu ikuku.

Atomic oxygen na eke ọnọdụ na Earth elu ruo ogologo oge nwere ike adịghị adị. Ọ nwere ihe oké elu reactivity. Ka ihe atụ, atọm oxygen na mmiri Nleta hydrogen peroxide. Ma na ohere, ebe a nnukwu ego nke ultraviolet radieshon, nke O ₂ molekul na-ọzọ mfe agbajikwa elu-etolite atọm ụdị. The ikuku na ala Earth orbit na 96% mejupụtara atọm oxygen. Ná mmalite nke ụgbọ mbara igwe ozi site NASA ya edidu na-akpata nsogbu.

Nsogbu nke ọma

Dị ka Bruce Banks, a agadi physics "Alfaporta" aku nnyocha nke ohere gburugburu ebe obibi n'alaka ahụ Glennovskogo center, mgbe mbụ ole na ole flights nke ụgbọ mbara igwe ihe nke ya na-ewu anya dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-kpuchie na ntu oyi (ha e doro oké ozize na texturing). Atomic oxygen mkpatụ na organic ihe cladding ugboelu nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebibi ha.

GIZ ichoputa na-akpata nke mebiri. N'ihi ya, na-eme nnyocha nwere abụghị naanị ike na ụzọ nke ichebe ugboelu si atọm oxygen, ha na-achọta a ụzọ iji nwere ike ibibi ihe a chemical mmewere maka rụọ ndụ na Earth.

Ozize na ohere

Mgbe ugboelu bụ na ala n'ụwa orbit (nke na-egosipụta na ebe manned ugbo ala dabeere ISS), atọm oxygen kpụrụ si mmapụta ikuku, nwere ike na-eme na elu nke ugboelu, adịru ha na-aghọ ndị mebiri emebi. Na mmepe ọdụ, ike usoro ndidi nchegbu na anyanwụ batrị ọcha mere si Polymers ata ngwangwa umuihe ruru ka ihe nke ifịk oxidizer.

mgbanwe iko

NASA hụrụ a ngwọta. A ìgwè ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si Glennovskogo Research Center azụlitewo a mkpa-film mkpuchi maka anyanwụ ogwe na ha nọ impervious ka ihe nke ike ike mmewere. Silica ma ọ bụ iko, a na-ama oxidized, n'ihi ya, ọ na-apụghị mebiri site atọm oxygen. Researchers kere a mkpuchi nke uzo silica iko, bụ otú mkpa na ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-echebe oyi akwa na-ike gbasoro na resin panel na-echebe ya site na ozize, na-enweghị impairing ọ bụla nke ya thermal Njirimara. Mkpuchi bụ ka ihe ịga nke ọma na-echebe anyanwụ ogwe nke International Space Station, ma nakwa na e ji chebe photovoltaic ebe "Mir".

Dị ka Banks, anyanwụ ogwe ọma gafere ihe karịrị afọ iri nke ọnụnọ na ohere.

Harnessing ike nke

Mgbe ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ narị ule ndị na-akụkụ nke mmepe nke coatings eguzogide atọm oxygen, a ìgwè nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si Research Center Glennovskogo ahụmahụ nghọta otú chemical. Ndị ọkachamara na-hụrụ ohere nke iji ndị ọzọ eme ihe ike ike ọcha.

Dị ka Banks, ìgwè matara nke mgbanwe n'elu onwu nke ozize nke organic ihe. Njirimara nke atọm oxygen dị otú ahụ na ọ bụ ike na-ewepụ ọ bụla organics, hydrocarbon, nke na-eme abụghị-eme ka ot kemịkal.

-Eme nnyocha achọpụtala ọtụtụ ụzọ iji ya. Ha mụtara na atọm oxygen amama ke silicone n'elu ke iko, nke nwere ike bara uru ma ọ bụrụ na ị mepụtara mmiri na a hermetic akara-enweghị ka ha n'ịnọgide ọ bụla ọzọ. Nke a usoro e mere maka oru na International Space Station. Ke adianade do, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara na atọm oxygen nwere ike iweghachi ma na-enwe ahụ mebiri emebi ọrụ nkà, mma ihe ndị na-ewu nke ugbo elu, nakwa dị ka na-erite uru ndị mmadụ dị ka ọ ga-eji na a dịgasị iche iche nke Biomedical ngwa.

Ese foto na obere ngwaọrụ

E nwere dị iche iche nke mmetụta nke atọm oxygen n'elu. Ndị akacha eji agụụ ime-ulo. Ha size dịgasị si akpụkpọ ụkwụ igbe tupu echichi 1.2 x 1.8 x 0,9 m. Site na iji ngwa ndakwa nri ma ọ bụ na redio ugboro radieshon ₂ O ụmụ irighiri na-agbajikwa elu ala nke atọm oxygen. -Ulo e debere a sample nke polima ozize ọnụego nke na-egosi ịta nke nọ n'ọrụ umi n'ime unit.

Ọzọ usoro nke itinye a umi bụ a obere ngwaọrụ na-enye ohere na-eduzi a warara iyi nke oxidant ka a kpọmkwem lekwasịrị. Nwere ike ịmepụta dị otú ahụ eruba batrị ike nke na-ekpuchi a nnukwu ebe nke si mesoo n'elu.

Dị ka n'ihu research a-eto eto ọtụtụ ọrụ nwere mmasị na ojiji nke atọm oxygen. NASA haziri a dịgasị iche iche nke amụma mmekọrịta, nkwonkwo n'atụmatụ na ndị enyemaka, nke ọtụtụ mgbe na-ọma dị iche iche azụmahịa ebe.

Atomic oxygen aka ahu

Research ngwa nke chemical mmewere na ọ bụghị nanị na mbara. Atomic oxygen, bara uru Njirimara na-mata, ma, ha na-ọzọ na-enyoba, hụ ọtụtụ ọgwụ ngwa.

Ọ na-eji maka texturing n'elu Polymers na-eme ka ha nwee ike na-eto eto ọnụ na ọkpụkpụ. The Polymers na-na-ichughachiazu ọkpụkpụ mkpụrụ ndụ ma na ya nọ n'ọrụ mmewere site udidi-ime adhesion. Nke a na-eduga ná ọzọ uru, nke na-ewetara ndị atọm oxygen - ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa na nke nweekwa usoro.

Nke a oxidizer nwekwara ike iji wepụ adịghị si biologically ifịk ịwa implants. N'agbanyeghị na ugbu omume nke sterilizing n'elu implants pụrụ isi ike-ewepụ ihe niile metụtara nke nje na mkpụrụ ndụ, na-akpọ endotoxins. Ndị a organic bekee, ma ọ bụghị dị ndụ, otú ahụ nwoke ịga ụlọ ọgwụ adịghị ike na-ewepụ ha. Endotoxins nwere ike ime ka mbufụt nke post-nkunye, nke bụ isi ihe na-akpata ihe mgbu na nwere nsogbu na ọrịa na ike ịkụbanye.

Atomic oxygen, bara uru Njirimara nke eme ka o kwe hichaa prosthesis na ewepụ ihe niile metụtara nke organic ihe, ukwuu mbenata ihe ize ndụ nke post-ịkpa mbufụt. Nke a na-eduga onye mma na-arụpụta nke arụmọrụ na Mbelata mgbu ọrịa.

Enyemaka maka ọrịa mamịrị

The technology na-eji na sensọ nke glucose na ndị ọzọ ike na ndu Monitors. Ha na-eme acrylic ngwa anya emep uta eri, textured atọm oxygen. Nke a na ọgwụgwọ na-enye ohere na emep uta eri ka iyo si na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie, ikwe ka ọbara dị irè karị na kọntaktị na akụrụngwa chemical N'ịchọpụta ileba anya.

Dị ka Miller, Sharon, ihe ọkụ engineer na Department of ohere gburugburu ebe obibi na nnwale Glennovskogo NASA research center, ọ na-eme ule ihe ezi, na n'otu oge ahụ tụọ ọbara sugar ule chọrọ a dị nta olu nke ọbara. Ị nwere ike nweta a shot fọrọ nke nta n'ebe ọ bụla na ozu na-enweta a zuru ezu ego nke ọbara na-ekpebi na ọkwa nke sugar.

Ụzọ ọzọ iji nweta atọm oxygen - hydrogen peroxide. Ọ bụ a nnọọ ike oxidizer karịa molekụla. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ala na nke erekasịchaala peroxide. Atomic oxygen kpụrụ a, na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ energetic molekụla. Nke a na-kpatara na ihe ngwa nke hydrogen peroxide: mbibi nke ụmụ irighiri nke e ji esiji ákwà na microorganisms.

mweghachi

Mgbe a ọrụ nkà n'ihe ize ndụ nke irreversible mmebi wepu organic contaminants atọm oxygen ike ga-eji, nke na-ahapụ ihe na-emebibeghị ụkpụrụ. The usoro ewepu niile organic ihe onwunwe dị ka carbon ma ọ bụ soot, ma na-emekarị enweghị mmetụta na agba. Pigments n'ozuzu nwere inorganic si na-ama na-oxidized, na nke a pụtara na ha na-agaghị emebi oxygen. Organic dyes nwekwara ike ịchekwa a nlezianya gụrụ ikpughe oge. The ákwà bụ kpam kpam nchebe, n'ihi na atọm oxygen dị na kọntaktị na na elu nke sere.

art ọrụ na-enịm ke a agụụ ulo nke oxidant a kpụrụ. Dabere na ogo mmebi nke picture nwere ike nọgide na-ahụ maka 20 400 awa. N'ihi na pụrụ iche ọgwụgwọ nke mebiri emebi ebe mkpa nke mweghachi, ọ nwekwara ike-eji a iyi nke atọm oxygen. Nke a eliminates mkpa ebe sere na a agụụ ụlọ.

Ntụ na lipstick - enweghị nsogbu

Ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, veranda na chọọchị dị iche iche malitere kpọtụrụ GIZ, ịzọpụta na iweghachi ha ọrụ nkà. Research Center egosiwo ike nke inyeghachi mebiri emebi sere nke Jackson Pollock, wepụ lipstick na eserese Endi Uorhola na-azọpụta mebiri site anwụrụ ọkụ kwaaji ụka nke St. Stanislaus na Cleveland. Team Glennovskogo Research Center eji atọm oxygen iji weghachi ibe akwụkwọ a na-ewere efu - ọtụtụ narị afọ Italian oyiri nke Raphael si "Madonna nke oche", nke St. Alban si Episcopal Church na Cleveland ..

Dị ka Banks, a chemical mmewere bụ nnọọ irè. Na art mweghachi ya na-arụ ọrụ ezi. Otú ọ dị, nke a abụghị ihe i nwere ike ịzụta na a karama, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ihe dị irè.

n'ọdịnihu Studies

NASA na a reimbursable ndabere na-arụ ọrụ a dịgasị iche iche nke ndị nketa oke na atọm oxygen. Glennovsky Research Center na-eje ozi na ndị mmadụ, onye oké ọnụ ahịa ọrụ nkà e emetụta home ọkụ, nakwa dị ka ụlọ ọrụ, chọ-ekwe omume nke na-eji ihe a na Biomedical ngwa dị ka LightPointe Medical of Eden Prairie, Minnesota. The ụlọ ọrụ hụrụ ọtụtụ ojiji nke atọm oxygen na-aga na-ahụ ọbụna ndị ọzọ.

Dị ka Banks, e nwere ọtụtụ unexplored ebe. A chọpụtara a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ngwa maka ohere technology, ma eleghị anya, ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ezobe n'èzí ohere teknụzụ.

Space ke ọrụ nke mmadụ

A ìgwè ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-atụ anya ịnọgide na-inyocha ụzọ nke na-eji atọm oxygen, nakwa dị ka ndị na-ama hụrụ ekwe. Ọtụtụ teknụzụ e patented, na GIZ otu na-enwe olileanya na ụlọ ọrụ ga unen na commercialize ụfọdụ n'ime ha, ka a ga-eme ka ọbụna ihe abara ụmụ mmadụ uru.

N'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ, ndị atọm oxygen nwere ike ime ka mebiri. Ekele NASA na-eme nnyocha, a umi na-now na-eme ka a mma onyinye ohere ngagharị , na ndụ na Earth. Ma ọ bụ ichebe oké ọnụ ahịa ọrụ nkà ma ọ bụ nke ụmụ mmadụ ọrịa, atọm oxygen bụ ngwá ọrụ dị ike. Arụ ọrụ na ya na-utịp a narị, na-arụpụta bụ ozugbo anya.