Buoyancy ike

Ka eme a dị mfe: Were a nta ebu roba obi ụtọ na "imbedded" na mmiri. Ọ bụrụ na imikpu omimi bụ ọbụna 1-2 mita, ọ dị mfe ịhụ na ya olu na-ebelata, ie, n'akụkụ niile na obi ụtọ ga-crimp ụfọdụ ike. Ọ na-emekarị kwuru na e nwere "ikpe" hydrostatic mgbali - A ahụ agha na-eme na anyịnya oke mmiri mikpuru ahu. Hydrostatic agha na-eme na ndị ozu n'akụkụ niile, na ha nke pụrụ ịkpata, mara dị ka Archimedes ike, ka na-akpọ ejection, nke kwekọrọ na ntụziaka nke ya utịp ke idem mikpuru a ọmụmụ.

Archimedes chọpụtara ya iwu kpere ibuo, na ya n'ọnụ mkpata chere fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 2,000 tupu onwa chọpụtara iwu hydrostatics maka anyịnya mmiri mmiri. Dị ka iwu a, nrụgide ebute site ná site ọmụmụ niile ntụziaka n'agbanyeghị nke ebe na nke ọ na-eme na niile ụgbọ elu bounding mmiri mmiri, na ya uru bụ proportional n'elu P na S tinyere nkịtị thereto. Onwa meghere na-enyocha iwu na ahụmahụ na 1653. Dị ka ya, n'elu a ahụ mikpuru na mmiri mmiri n'akụkụ niile site hydrostatic nsogbu.

Iche na arịa ya na mmiri n'ụdị a ahụ mikpuru cube omimi H ka L - anya si mmiri n'elu n'elu iru. Mgbe a ala ibikwa bụ maka a omimi H + L. The ike vector F1, eme na elu ihu nsoroụzọ ala ma F1 = r * g * H * S, ebe r - mmiri mmiri njupụta, g - osooso nke ike ndọda.

The vector ike F2, dọgburu na ala ụgbọelu elu, na ya bara uru e nyere site na F2 = r * g * (H + L) * S.

The Vektọ nke agha ime n'akụkụ ebupụta ibe ziri, otú ekemende ekwe echiche. Buoyancy ike F2> F1 na-eduzi si ala elu, na mmasị na ala ihu nke cube. Kọwaa ya uru F:

F = F2 - F1 = r * g * (H + L) * S - r * g * H * S = r * g * L * S

Rịba ama na L * S - .. Bụ olu nke a cube V, na m ka r * g = p anọchi anya ọmụmụ ibu unit, mgbe ahụ, usoro ibu nke Archimedean ike na-ekpebi olu nke ọmụmụ hà olu nke cube, i.e. Nke a bụ kpọmkwem arọ nke mmiri mmiri obibi site ahụ. Ọ bụ na-akpali ikwu okwu banyere Archimedes 'ụkpụrụ ekwe omume nanị maka gburugburu ebe obibi, ebe ike nke ike ndọda - na ọnọdụ nke weightlessness, iwu anaghị arụ ọrụ. N'ikpeazụ, usoro iwu nke Archimedes bụ dị ka ndị:

F = p * V, ebe p - mmiri mmiri kpọmkwem nnukwu mpo.

Archimedean ike nwere ike ije ozi dị ka ihe ndabere maka analysis nke buoyancy ozu. The ọnọdụ maka analysis bụ ruru nke arọ ahu kwajuru Pm na Pf ibu mmiri mmiri na a olu hà olu nke mikpuru n'ime mmiri mmiri ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na Pm = px, ahụ ese n'elu mmiri na mmiri mmiri, ma ọ bụrụ Ilu> Pf, ahụ echekwa. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ahụ apụta dị ka buoyant ike nhata arọ nke ejected recessed òkè nke mmiri ahụ.

Archimedes 'ụkpụrụ na ya iji nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkà na ụzụ, malite na nke kpochapụwo atụ nke eji niile mara na-ese n'elu mmiri ụlọ ọrụ balloons na airships. Ebe a na ọ na-egwuri a ọrụ na gas na-ezo aka a kwuo nke okwu na bụ nnọọ ọmụmụ simulates. N'ihi ya, na ikuku gburugburu ebe obibi iji ihe ọ bụla ihe buoyancy ike eme akin otu dị ka mmiri mmiri. The mgbalị mbụ na-ebu ikuku balloon ụgbọ elu were Montgolfier ụmụnna - ha jupụtara a balloon na-ekpo ọkụ anwụrụ ọkụ, nke mere na nke ịdị arọ nke a mkpọrọ na ntụ balloon bụ ihe na-erughị arọ nke otu akwụkwọ nke oyi ikuku. Nke a bụ ihe kpatara nke inwego, na ya bara uru a kọwara dị ka ihe dị iche na ibu nke mpịakọta abụọ. A n'ihu mma bụ balloons burner, nke nọgidere heats ikuku n'ime balloon. O doro anya na nso dabere na ogologo nke burner. Mgbe e mesịrị na airships mee n'ihi na ejuputa a gas na a kpọmkwem nnukwu mpo obere karịa nke ikuku.