Chemical mmeghachi omume akụkụ - ot chemical Jeremaya mere biputere

Ka mfe chemical Filiks ma na a mma nghọta nke ha The mmeghachi omume akụkụ na-eji. Ọ bụ a nhazi entry mmekọrịta nke bekee na onye ọ bụla ọzọ na, dị ka a na ya pụta, e guzobere ọhụrụ ngwaahịa. Na nke a schematic "n'onyinyo", maka nnabata nke iwu nke umu ihe nche nke uka umi eji space ọnụọgụ. Nke a bụ nkọwa nke chemical Jeremaya mere iji nọmba na akara chọrọ na 1615 Zhan amalitela. Mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe oghere nke stoichiometry nke iwu malitere iji quantitative ụkpụrụ.

Chemical mmeghachi omume akụkụ e dere dị ka ndị a:

1. The n'aka ekpe nke schematic "n'onyinyo" ndị bekee n'agbata nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha na-etinye ihe ịrịba ama "+". Na n'aka ekpe - mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa, i.e., ọhụrụ ogige na-guzobere. N'etiti ekpe ma ziri ezi òkè enịm akụ na-egosi ntụziaka nke mmeghachi omume. Dị ka ihe atụ, C + E → OA.
2. Mgbe ahụ, ọnụọgụ na-mere ndokwa, onye ọrụ "na-larịị", i.e. mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọ bụla ụdị atọm tupu mmeghachi omume hà ka ọnụ ọgụgụ atọm mgbe ya. N'ihi ya, "ọrụ" iwu nke umu ihe nche nke uka. Ka ihe atụ, 2HCl - H ₂ + cl _2.

E nwere a mmeghachi omume kinetic akụkụ nke na-ekwupụta na na nduzi nke eruba ọnụego nke chemical usoro na ịta nke bekee unreacted. Simple dị otú ahụ Jeremaya mere na a otu nzọụkwụ, schematically dere dị ka: V = k [A _1] n ¹ * [A _2] n ^2, ebe

V - ike ọsọ nke mmeghachi omume;

[A _1], [A _2] - umi ịta;

K - mgbe nile nke na mmeghachi omume ọnụego, nke na-adabere ọdịdị nke unreacted bekee na okpomọkụ;

n ^1, n ² - ka nke mmeghachi omume.

Ọ bụrụ na mmeghachi omume wee na ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ, mgbe ahụ, ka elu usoro kinetic arụmarụ, ọ bụla nke ga-akọwara iche iche.

Ọzọkwa a iche iche umu bụ ionic mmeghachi omume akụkụ nke maka ya nkwadebe nwere atụmatụ dị ka dekọrọ n'ime ya bekee na-na ụdị nke ion. Dị otú ahụ chemical mmekọrịta ndekọ schematic typical naanị maka nnọchi Jeremaya mere na mgbanwe ke okenye agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ alloys, n'oge nke a ịkpali kpụrụ, agụghị oké dissociable umi (mmiri) ma ọ bụ gas na-emepụta. Dị ka ihe atụ: ịbanye a chemical mmeghachi omume, hydrochloric acid na potassium hydroxide, ebe nnu kpụrụ na mmiri.

HCl + KOH- KCl + H ₂ O

Dee data umi n'ụdị ion, na wezụga nke mmiri, dị ka ọ na-adịghị dissociate. Nke a akụkụ a ga-akpọ a zuru mmeghachi omume ionic.

H ^{+ +} cl ^{- +} K ^{+ + OH - --K + + cl} - + H ₂ O

Ugbu a, atụmatụ a, dị ka ụkpụrụ nke myirịta, ekpe na n'akụkụ aka nri nke "bee" ugboro ugboro ion ma na-:

H ⁺ + OH ^- - H ₂ O.

Ọbụna redox mmeghachi omume, ji a mgbanwe ọxịdashọn ala nke atọm ga nwere a akpan akpan schematic ịbịaru na ndekọ. Atọm mkpa iji chọpụta na gbanwere agbanwe ọxịdashọn ala, na ike ihe electronic itule, dabeere na nke ahụ na-eme ndokwa ọnụọgụ.

N'ihi ya, chemical mmeghachi omume akụkụ bụ a schematic akaụntụ niile mgbagwoju usoro nke e guzobere ọhụrụ bekee site na decomposition, ogige nke nnọchi na mgbanwe. Ọ na-enyekwa a qualitative na quantitative ọmụma na reactants na mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa.