Darwin Reserve: alaeze peat agwaetiti

Biosphere mee - a pụrụ iche na-ahọrọ na-echebe ebe e mere iji chebe eke onwe-inye iwu eke usoro. Nature na ebe ndị a na-enwekarị na-akpatụbeghị aka, "anụ" ma ọ bụ ubé gbanwere site mmadụ ọrụ. Biosphere mee na Russia, nakwa dị ka ihe niile ndị ọzọ na ụdị nke na-echebe ebe, n'ụzọ zuru ezu sụgharịrị n'ofè ọ bụla aku na uba na-arụ ọrụ. Òtù ndị a na-arụ ọrụ n'ime kpuchie nke World Program, iji gosi na ezigbo mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwoke na ọdịdị.

N'etiti Russian Biosphere nchedo nkebi ekere òkè dị mkpa Darwin Reserve. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ya e kere eke na mmepe na-egosi nchegbu maka Reserve, nke na-egosi na steeti.

Na 1941, na nkwụsị nke atọ na mpaghara - Yaroslavl, Tver na Vologda - ya e wuru na Rybinsk esite. The Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya na-adịghị ekwe ka na-amalite ozugbo ọmụmụ nke ya mmetụta na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ma ozugbo, n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1945, ozugbo nyochaa mgbanwe ọdịdị n'okpuru nduzi nke esite, Darwin Reserve e guzobere.

Taa, a na-echebe ebe ekpuchi 112.000 ha, nanị ọkara nke ime ke ala: nke fọduru nwere osimiri.

Winter 2002 Darwin idobere gụnyere na mba ndepụta mkpa Biosphere mee.

ókèala ndị idobere - ọ bụ ukwuu n'ime ala ala na n'ikpere mmiri nke Rybinsk Sea, intermittent dunes na elongated, nwayọọ, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na receding n'ime anya ugwu: metụtara nke a prehistoric glasia. The swale ọhụrụ ọdọ, ndị kasị ibu nke a na-ewere Morotskoe ejide banyere 700 hectare.

Darwin idobere bụ dị ịrịba ama n'ihi na ya ọnọdụ continental idụhe. Ọ bụ nnọọ mma ke ndaeyo, mgbe nkezi okpomọkụ bụ + 18 Celsius, ọ bụghị ezigbo oyi na-atụ n'oge oyi, n'ihi na oyi na-atụ karịa -10 Celsius bụ obere.

Ókèala ndị Biosphere idobere bụ bara uru n'ihi na ya apịtị dị oké ọhịa na swamps, pụta n'elu 17,000 afọ gara aga. Ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtawo na ndị a kpụrụ swamps na ọbụna mbubreyo post-ice oge.

Taa, kwa afọ akwu na izu na-echebe ebe nke ihe karịrị 15 umu obere nnụnụ, ka ogologo esịne ke Red Book. Evidence nke irè ọrụ nke idobere, fọrọ obere nwuchapu na Russia whooper swans, onye ụfọdụ oge gara aga malitere akwu na izu nke dị n'ókèala ndoputa. Ke adianade ha na idobere set of nesting black grouse, capercaillie, na bi njupụta nke Udele dị elu karịa n'ebe ọ bụla ọzọ n'ụwa.

E nwekwara osisi e depụtara na Red Book. Paltsekornik Traunshteynera, iheukwu n'ezie, epipogium leafless na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ na umu-eme nke ọma na-echebe mpaghara. Isi ahịhịa - pine ọhịa. Otú ọ dị, na-emighị emi mmiri na-akawanye na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ, otú e nwere na-eto eto a otutu dị iche iche herbs na osisi. Hornwort, sparganium, pondweed na ọgaranya idobere tomato: cloudberry, kranberị, bluuberi.

Maka njem nleta na mpụta nke ebe haziri eduzi njem. Mgbe na-eje ije na ya nwere ike site n'ebe dị anya na-ahụ na-efe efe squirrels, ọhịa boars, nkịta ọhịa, na mgbe ụfọdụ aja aja bea. Otú ọ dị, nzukọ ndị dị otú bụ nnọọ ize ndụ: anụmanụ na-eche n'ụlọ na-adịghị amasị ndị ọbịa.

The idobere haziri Museum of Nature. Na ya na - ogaranya collection of "Russian" nke butterflies, ụwa mbụ ugbo capercaillie.

Ma eleghị anya, ihe kasị pụrụ iche nke agwaetiti bụ peat idobere. Mgbe oghere nke Rybinsk esite peat bogs idei mmiri rikpuru. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ndị peat iberibe ise n'elu na n'elu na ọfiọrọ ruo mgbe ha na-adịghị akwụsị bushes ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi ndị ọzọ. N'ime oge ahụ, ndị a peat agwaetiti nke ahịhịa n'ebe ahụ, na ọbụna taa, e nwere osisi.

2000 Darwin idobere esịne ke World Biosphere Reserve System.