Dmitrov poselin Factory: ihe mere eme, omenala, modernity

Na-adị kwa ụbọchị ndụ nke Russian poselin ẹkenam regal n'aka Peter I. N'okpuru ịchịisi ya, efere e dị si Europe, dị otú ahụ obi ụtọ bụ naanị ndị bara ọgaranya. A obere ka e mesịrị, poselin tent adade dị ka a bara uru onyinye. Mgbe china, ndị kasị oké ọnụ ahịa e European ụdị (Sèvres, Meysensy) maka ha zuo agakarị nnukwu ichekwa ego, na bụ kpam kpam-enweghị. Na 1744 Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Elizabeth nyere iwu na-ewu a "poselin Manufactory" nso St. Petersburg, dị ka oge nke Russian poselin. Dmitrov poselin Factory mere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ndị mbụ onwe factory.

Franz Gardner na mbubata nnọchi

N'ihi na a ogologo oge poselin mmepụta bụ naanị na steeti nāchi bia, ma e nwere mgbe a na nzuzo nwe onye chọrọ ka mpi ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-adịghị, mgbe ahụ, na-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ Ọkaakaa ụlọ ọrụ. Na 1766 na England Frants Yakovlevich Gardner, na ndabere nke ẹdude Urusova factory meghere ya osisi. Ọrụ kacha mkpa maka ihe entrepreneur bụ ọchịchọ mpi ndị European gbasirila nke poselin, na ụgbọala ha si ahịa, dochie anụ ụlọ àgwà ngwaahịa. Ekwu okwu na oge a na ihapu otutu okwu, o kpebiri "importozamestit" European ngwongwo na mgbalị nke ọma.

N'ihi na nzukọ nke azụmahịa na akpa ebe chọrọ ngwaọrụ, na Gardner, ọ gagharịa fọrọ nke nta ná mba ahụ dum, hụrụ a ụrọ nkwụnye ego na Chernihiv (Little Russia). Ime promashek na bụghị reinvent na wheel, na ọ dọtara okwu ọkachamara - Franz Gattenberga (University of Geneva prọfesọ). O we nke ọma nke na site na 1777 ka 1783 na mmepụta a tọhapụrụ anọ nrite maka ọrụ nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine II na adade ya. The ahụmahụ a ịga nke ọma, onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gara kasị elu na-ege ntị na obí eze, mgbe nke ọ na-isiokwu na-etinye stampụ na onyinyo nke uwe nke ogwe aka nke Moscow, nke bụ akin ka àgwà akara.

ihe ịga nke ọma na-azụ ahịa

Franz Gardner, tinyere ibe ngwongwo, ka ulo oru uka mmepụta nke poselin tableware. The mbụ ndị ọrụ na-adọrọ mmasị si European ọkachamara na technology, ọnụ ọgụgụ a ma ama Meissen. Russian poselin bụ bụghị ọtụtụ dị iche iche si European na àgwà na nkà ịrụ, ma price bụ ihe ndị ọzọ ọnụ.

Russia kpọrọ oké ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ ma na-enwe obi ụtọ ịzụta ndị niile na-enweghị ike imeli nwere European Nsukka. Na 1771, banyere iri asaa ọrụ ka e ji na n'ichepụta, ha ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ okpukpu abụọ na 10 afọ. All ọrụ a na-arụ site Russian ọkachamara, naanị ijikwa onye na-ese na e atara ná mba ọzọ.

Franz Gardner ike aka ya chọta style na mmepụta nke poselin, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke samples of oge ọgbụgba na otu narị otu narị. Na mgbakwunye na efere ebe a na-wụsara na-ese poselin Ụlọ Mmanya pụrụ iche ọkpụkpụ, ndị dere nke e maara nke ọma nka.

Na Kuznetsovsk obodo

Mgbe nchoputa ọnwụ, Dmitrov poselin factory e weere na mma niile onwe Russian ụlọ mmepụta ihe. The ikpe e adia ndị nketa: a obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya, ụlọ ọrụ na-aku nwa mbụ nke nchoputa, na mgbe ya na nwunye. Na ya aka na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ka furu efu fọrọ nke nta niile nke ya ọnọdụ, ma mgbe ikpe were ya na ụmụ ya, ndị mmepụta agbakee. Ọ mụtara n'ichepụta technology ụrọ. Na 1829, gold mmepụta natara Mbụ Industrial ngosi. Na 1855 ọ natara ikike Nlụpụta ngwaahịa na-etinye na ọha na eze ihere nke abụọ-gawa ugo.

N'oge dum na-aghọ otu n'ime suppliers eze ukwu ikpe nke narị afọ nke 19 Dmitrov poselin Factory-egosi àgwà nke na ngwaahịa na ahia egosi, ebe ọ bụ na 1856. Ná ngwụsị nke narị afọ ndị nketa rere ụlọ ọrụ Matvey Kuznetsov. O nwetara bụghị nanị mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ma na-a nnukwu collection of niile shapes, ihe nakawa etu esi na kpochapụwo garderovskih drawings.

Kuznetsovsky oge

Dmitrov poselin Factory (Verbilki) nwetara magnate Kuznetsova na a ole na ole adịkwaghị otuto, kama na a siri ike ntụgharị. Site na oge nke nnweta nke factory emepụta 208 puku rubles a afọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọrụ ihe karịrị 700 mkpụrụ obi. Kuznetsov eji ya nile ketara akụ na ụba na a narị afọ na ọkara nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, n'ihi na full revival ebube ya.

The okwu amụbawo na ahịa isi e kpamkpam ẹnịm, ekele na mkpebi iji a ika nke Dmitrov osisi na niile na ngwaahịa. The ọhụrụ nwe achọghị eme nso nke ngwaahịa na-adịghị ezi. Number nke ihe nke ngwongwo totaled karịa 4 nde nkeji nke na-ewu ewu na efere na ụmụ obere ihe oyiyi. Anniversaries na osisi n'egosi ntọhapụ nke nanị ịnakọta. N'ihi ya, e mechiri 100th ncheta nke agha Borodino, ndị 300th ncheta nke ọchịchị nke Romanovs.

Soviet poselin

Mgbe nationalization, rụpụta ghọrọ eze maara dị ka ndị Dmitrov poselin Factory. Na post-revolutionary oge mmepụta jụrụ budata, nakwa na nke a na-emepụta, a obi umeala mma na decals (decal) ma ọ bụ na-anọchi anya na-agbasa echiche isiokwu.

Kasị ama, na 1930, m natara a ọrụ Dmitrov poselin "Humpbacked Horse" nke osisi, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ndị ọzọ ọrụ site nkà ọkpụ SM Orlov ahịhịa N'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya poselin ntọhapụ ebelata budata, ma na oge ndị ji na-egbuke egbuke ọrụ. ọrụ "Battle maka motherland" (site A. Chechulina) wepụtara a set nke ihe oyiyi na-akwa ọchịagha "Suvorov", "Alexander Nevsky", "Kutuzov", na-esetịpụrụ na onyinyo nke Soviet agha na-edu ndú enọ (auth. Demorrey T.) e kere.

oge a na mmepụta

Na 1991 Dimitrov poselin factory ghọrọ a nkwonkwo ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ, na ukara aha: CJSC "poselin Verbilok". Ebe ọ bụ na 1995, na-arụ ọrụ enyemaka na 'ihe ubi Verbilok ". The owuwu ọhụrụ ochichi na mkpara na-arụsi ọrụ ike revival nke omenala tọrọ ala site founders nke osisi.

Na 1996, ụlọ ọrụ natara nwa anụmanụ na mba ngosi na Birmingham, nakwa dị ka na Mexico. Ebe ọ bụ na 2007, osisi na-enye ya na ngwaahịa na Kremlin dị ka akụkụ nke otu ke Guild of Purveyors. The ụlọ ọrụ na-ugbu a na-akpọ "Gardner Manufactory", ma n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ maara nke ochie aha nke Dmitrov poselin factory. Ngwaahịa na-emepụta ọtụtụ collectible akara.

Collection "Frants Gardner" revives omenala forms afọ 19-20 poselin. Company Wizard eme kpọmkwem e dere na onyinye ihe (tii ụzọ abụọ, tent, ụmụ obere ihe oyiyi). Ọzọkwa dị na ezinụlọ efere na nke artists dee ezinụlọ crests, monogram ma ọ bụ họrọ ụkpụrụ. The ụlọ ọrụ na-arụpụta tent maka dị iche iche na nzube, tii na kọfị ụzọ abụọ, maka mkpụrụ osisi, ite, ụmụ tent.