Kazakhstan ụlọ ọrụ: mmanụ ụgbọala, chemical, coal, mmanụ

Kazakhstan - otu n'ime ndị na-eduga aku mmekọ nke Russia. Ma mba nwere nso akụkọ ihe mere eme aku agbatị, nke ike-ọbụna ihe sikwuo ike n'ihu mwekota nke mba ke kpuchie nke EAEC. Kazakhstan - kacha mkpa onye nke Russia na okwu nke ulo oru ngwaahịa mgbanwe. Gịnị bụ kpọmkwem nke na-amị ndi nke Kazakhstan aku na uba?

Eduga ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nke RK

Kazakhstan na-anọchi anya ọtụtụ na-eduga ụlọ ọrụ agba:

- na coal ụlọ ọrụ;

- nkà mmụta banyere ígwè;

- mmanụ a na Petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ;

- Khimprom;

- nri ụlọ ọrụ;

- ìhè ụlọ ọrụ;

- mmepụta nke na-ewu ihe.

Tụlee ha kpọmkwem nkọwa.

coal ụlọ ọrụ

The coal ụlọ ọrụ na Kazakhstan - n'etiti nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, ọ bụghị naanị na Kazakhstan kamakwa dum aku ebe EAEC. The mba - n'etiti ndi-isi, na okwu nke kwa n'isi n'isi coal na Ngwuputa bi, nakwa dị ka ebuka. The kasị ibu nke ya mee na-lekwasị ke Central Kazakhstan, nakwa dị ka na North-East nke ala. Ukwuu nke coal na-exported.

Dị ka ndị ọkachamara, Kazakhstan na-enwe ụfọdụ ụkọ coal nke na udi nke elu-edu, na-eji na anyị na ebe, nakwa dị ka ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-arụ ọrụ na kwesịrị ekwesị ụdị ji esi mmiri ọkụ. Iji ekpuchi mkpa nke ndị na aku na uba na ụdị carbon May ike mgbasa na kwekọrọ ekwekọ nke. Karịsịa, ọ pụrụ ịbụ onye na-abawanye na mmepụta ọnụego Pavlodar mpaghara. Icheku aa ebe a na-ji a elu ogo grading, ọ dị mfe ime ka, na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ha nkwadebe si n'ime ime ndị dịtụ obere.

nkà mmụta banyere ígwè

Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eduga ndi nke Kazakhstan ụlọ ọrụ - na-abụghị ferrous nkà mmụta banyere ígwè. Kazakhstan arụpụta elu mma ọla kọpa, zinc, titanium, dị iche iche obere ụwa ọla. Ngwaahịa nwere ike n'ụdị mgbazinye. RK - n'etiti ndị ndú ụwa na mmepụta nke ọla kọpa ahụ, nnukwu nke na ọ na-exported na Western Europe. Kazakhstan - a ịrịba player ke uwa gold ahịa. E nwere ihe karịrị 170 ubi.

Metallurgical Industry nke Kazakhstan na nwekwara mepụtara na nke nke mmepụta nke ígwè ore. RK - n'etiti ndị ndú ụwa na ebuka nke mkpa umu. A ịrịba akụkụ nke mee na nkewa dị ka ngwa ngwa dị. Isi mpịakọta nke ígwè ore emepụta RK exported.

Metallurgy - n'etiti alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan, nke eguzobewo nnọọ nso agbatị na Russian ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi na eziokwu na ihe ka ukwuu mkpa nkwukọrịta e guzobewo ọbụna Soviet Union. N'agbata ụlọ ọrụ Kazakhstan SSR na RSFSR otú rụrụ n'ọrụ n'ọnọdụ nke ngwaọrụ, metal, nakwa dị ka blanks. N'ọtụtụ ụzọ dị mkpa nkwurịta okwu bụ ka a pụrụ isi kwuo. E nwere nile ohere maka ha n'ihu ike - ewere n'ime akaụntụ eziokwu na Russia na Kazakhstan bụ ugbu a yiri na-ọbụna ihe integrated aku na uba n'ime EAEC.

Mmanụ a na-Petrochemical Industry

The mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na Kazakhstan - bụ ihe ọzọ dị mkpa oru nke aku na uba nke ala. Na Kazakhstan emepụta a dịgasị iche iche nke ngwaahịa nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ ụdị - mmanụ ụgbọala, dizel na mmanụ, manu oku, ụgbọelu na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na ụdị mmanụ. Nke a mpaghara bụ n'akụkụ aka mmepe nke Petrochemical nke. Country na-arụpụta iche iche nke plastik, emep uta eri, na taya.

Karịsịa mmepe nke mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na Kazakhstan - bụ na ọ bụ ihe atụ nke ihe ịga nke ọma mwekota nke ọha na onwe ụlọ ọrụ. Mmanụ ụgbọala ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan na-anọchi anya ọ bụghị nanị na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, ma na-obere ma na-ajụ ụlọ ọrụ. Active òkè na mmepe nke Kazakhstan si mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na-na-na-ewere ọtụtụ mba ọzọ investors. The mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ na Kazakhstan-anọgide mara mma maka ulo oru si Russia na ndị ọzọ na-ekwu, nke EAEC, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mba.

engineering

Mechanical engineering - atụ ọzọ nke dị mkpa ọrụ nke Kazakhstan. The ala na-emepụta ngwá maka iche iche na nzube, na ígwè ọrụ, nfuli. Enterprises Kazakhstan igwe ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ na-ifịk ifịk na-ekwenyere ndị mba ọzọ investors - Russian, Western, nnọchiteanya nke EAEC - maka-adọta investments. Mechanical engineering na Kazakhstan eto palpable ijeụkwụ ke ufọt ufọt 2000s, ụfọdụ ojuju bụ na nsogbu nke 2008-2009. Ma ihe isi ike e merie, ma ugbu a dị mkpa ụlọ ọrụ - gụnyere mụ agba nke obodo si aku na uba.

Mechanical engineering na Republic of Kazakhstan - ụlọ ọrụ na nwere ịrịba nkwa na njikọ na ọnụnọ nke zuru ezu nnukwu ikike - ebe ọ bụ na ụbọchị nke Soviet Union, nke ọma adịghị mee ihe. Ugbu a òkè nke mkpa oru na aku na uba nke Kazakhstan bụ obere, ọ bụ ọtụtụ ugboro usụhọde, akpan akpan, na Russian egosi. Otú ọ dị, n'okpuru ihe ịga nke ọma mma nke investments nwere ike budata dịkwuo Ọnọdụ nke na mmepụta nke n'ibu injinịa ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan.

mmepụta nke ụlọ ihe

Production nke ụlọ ihe - atụ ọzọ nke a nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-anọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan. The ala-arụpụta ciment, ọjà, roofing, linoleum, dị iche iche na ogwe, ceramik na ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa. Isi olu nke ụlọ ihe ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan emepụta na-efu nke mba akụ isi.

Esemokwu nke ewu ihe na Kazakhstan - bụ n'etiti ndị kasị ike ndi. Ya mere, site 2008 ka 2013 mmepụta nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ ụdị ngwaahịa na Kazakhstan, dị ka ụfọdụ, okpukpu abụọ. Mgbada n'usoro, n'aka nke ya, dabere na mbubata nke Kazakhstani ụlọ ọrụ. Government na azụmahịa mata ọhụrụ ntụziaka maka n'ihu mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ na gbakọọ na ke kpuchie nke ẹdude ọhụrụ omume ga-akwado site na-eduga ụlọ ọrụ na nke.

chemical ụlọ ọrụ

Chemical ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan dịkwa mkpa maka aku na uba nke ala. N'etiti eduga ya nke - na mmepụta nke phosphorus. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị kwuru, Kazakhstan - n'etiti CIS ahịa isi ya weputara. Ọzọkwa, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na mba, na-emekwa ụfọdụ na mmepụta nke chromium ogige, akọwa na varnishes.

Ọdịdị nke ebupụ nke Kazakhstan chemical ụlọ ọrụ bụ na ọ na-adịkwaghị ngwaahịa nke inorganic onwu, nke e ji ala udu nke nkà na ụzụ ịgba. Chebere tangible Kazakhstan si na nduzi na bubata nke chemical ngwaahịa. Ọ jupụta, n'aka nke ya, elu-tech ngwaahịa - fatịlaịza, detergents, plastik. N'ihi ya, chemical ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan nwere ịrịba nwere maka modernization. Karịsịa - na akụkụ nke ihe nnọchi.

nri nhazi ụlọ ọrụ

Nri ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan - bụ n'etiti ndị kasị ike agba nke aku na uba. The kpagburuibe òkè Ọdịdị nke ahụ mkpa ụlọ ọrụ ekesịpde ọka nhazi, na mmepụta nke mmiri ara ehi, achịcha, anụ, mkpụrụ osisi na akwukwo nri cultivation, ọrụ nke mara abụba + na mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ. Agachoputa RK nri mbubata mkpa. Nke a nwere ike ụzọ kpebie n'ihu ibu nke nke dị ka ihe na ngwá ọrụ.

A ịrịba ama ọrụ na mmepe nke nri ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan nwekwara mba ọchịchị. N'ihi ya, Kazakh ọchịchị mepụtara nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ omume na-akwado ụlọ na-emepụta. Ukwuu n'ime, ọ ego, Mbelata mmasị udu na ụlọọrụ mgbazinye ego, enyem aka na nnweta nke ofu akụ. Ọ na-atụ anya na n'oge ahụ, mmejuputa iwu nke mkpa atumatu site ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti na-akwado oru ọtụtụ puku ijeri tenge ga-nyekwara. Ọ bụkwa ihe ukpụhọde nke ụfọdụ ndokwa nke tax iwu iji ebuli na mmekọrịta nke nri na ala ụlọ ọrụ na akụkụ nke mmefu ego allocations.

ìhè ụlọ ọrụ

Light ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan nwekwara mepụtara. Ihu ọma, ọ na-anọchi anya ndị sịrị na-arụ ọrụ na owu oru. Studies na-egosi na mkpa nke anụ ụlọ ahịa nke Kazakhstan nnọọ elu karịa nke ugbu a Ọnọdụ nke mmepụta nke ìhè ụlọ ọrụ na ngwaahịa. About 90% nke mkpa na ngwaahịa na Kazakhstan na-dị. N'otu oge, iji dozie nsogbu nke ibubata nnọchi, ọ dị mkpa, dị ka e kwuru site economists, iji nye kasị elu larịị nke competitiveness nke ụlọ ọrụ. Resources maka nke a, n'ezie. The eziokwu na ìhè ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan e ji a elu larịị nke na ngwá na oge a na ngwá, nke na-ọnọ site na-eduga zuru ụwa ọnụ ụdị, mgbe ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ agba nke ụlọ ọrụ depreciation nke mkpa akụ bụ nnukwu zuru ezu.

Akara a nsogbu e ji mara ụfọdụ na-emepụta agba nke Kazakhstan aku na uba, Otú ọ dị, adịghị anọgide na-enweghị uche nke ọchịchị na-azụ ahịa, o kpebiri - tinyere isi ike ndị ọzọ na ya mara na ụlọ ọrụ na Kazakhstan.

Tụlee akụkụ a, nakwa dị ka atụmanya n'ihu mmepe nke elu ndi nke Republic of Kazakhstan.

Nsogbu na atụmanya nke Kazakhstan ụlọ ọrụ

Nke anyị na-ahụ kwuru na Kazakhstan si ụlọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ agba ji a pụtara elu larịị nke depreciation ego. Nsogbu a na-ghọtara site azụmahịa obodo na steeti, ịzụlite jikoro maka ya irè mkpebi. Nsogbu ọzọ e ji mara ndị na-arụpụta ndi nke Republic of Kazakhstan - dịtụ ala itinye n'ọrụ nke akọ. Ọ na-emetụta isi na arụpụtaghị ihe. The n'ozuzu larịị nke nkà na ụzụ RK ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ gosiri dị ka ala karịa elu mmepụta ke Western mba.

Omume nke nwere ike kwara site na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isi, atumatu - dị ka ihe atụ, ndị ọchịchị usoro ihe omume "Performance 2020". Ọ na-achọ na-akwado ẹdude ulo oru, nakwa dị ka oghere nke ọhụrụ mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ. Site na nke a mmemme ụlọ ọrụ, na-anọchite anya dị iche iche na ndi nke Kazakhstan ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ irite uru site ọha nkwado. Iji mee nke a, ha kwesịrị igosi na ha, apụ, e nwere a atụmatụ mmepe, na abuo - ọchịchọ na ego ike nke na huu nnabata nke ala aga-eme nke aku na uba modernization.

maka mmepe nke Kazakhstan ụlọ ọrụ ozi

Tupu RK ọchịchị chere ihu a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwa ngwa ihe aga-eme, na-enweghị nke na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ na Kazakhstan mejuputa siri ike. Anyị na-amụ ha specificity.

Mbụ, ndị ọchịchị kwesịrị etolite a ogologo oge amụma na-nọ nke ụlọ ọrụ, nke a ga-elekwasị anya na atumatu bụghị nanị ọchịchị, kamakwa nke azụmahịa na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị okirikiri. Ndị a na-eme ga-eduzi kwupụta bughi modernization nke ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ na Republic of Kazakhstan.

Akụkụ ọzọ dị mkpa nke mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ na Kazakhstan - nkà na ụzụ modernization. Ọ na-eche na ọ ga-rụrụ n'out oge na ọtụtụ ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ. Ga-nyochaa na nke ugbu a na-enwe ọganihu nke modernization, nwere ihe isi ike na ya, mmejuputa iwu, na na ndabere nke data ga-gbanwee usoro ihe omume "Performance 2020". A ịrịba ama ọrụ mmejuputa ọrụ a ga-akpọ academia.

Kazakhstan si ulo oru modernization chọkwara ọzụzụ nke ọhụrụ mkpara - karịsịa na ubi nke management. Amaka management - a isi ihe na-ịga nke ọma nke ọ bụla ume. High-tech isi obodo akụ - nke a bụ naanị otu n'ime ọnọdụ. Ọ dịkwa mkpa na isi nke ike na-eme ihe na ukwuu ọkachamara oru. N'otu aka ahụ, nke nke ọzụzụ nke etozu ga na-na ubi nke kpọmkwem mmepụta saịtị na enterprise. Ọ na-achọ ahụmahụ eru engineer, ike nke na huu irè aka nke emelitere akụ. Anyị kwesịrị ruru eru ọkachamara maka kpọmkwem mmepụta ihe aga-eme.

N'ihi na ihe ịga nke ọma, mmejuputa iwu-nke "Performance 2020" na Kazakhstan dị mkpa inokota na oru oma oke nke ego. Mkpata na mmefu ibu arọ na State na nke a ga-abụ ihe ezi uche, ya mere, dị ka na-adọta investors ga-onwe ulo oru - ọrụ na Kazakhstan, Russia na mba ndị ọzọ nke EAEC, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mba.

Ọtụtụ nchọpụta kweere na ndị modernization nke ụlọ ọrụ nke Kazakhstan ga-achọ ihe ọzọ mma nke iwu na usoro iwu kpuchie na-achịkwa ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ okirikiri. Nke a nwere ike na-agụnye a dịgasị iche iche nke akụkụ nke azụmahịa ọrụ - ekwubie obodo-iwu nkwekọrịta, contracts na mba ọzọ mmekọ, ego nkwekọrịta, ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi ikike, wdg ...

Ndị ọkachamara na-atụ anya na ROK ọchịchị ga-hụ na mmepe nke ulo oru nwere, ọ bụghị naanị na omenala mmepụta ebe nke obodo, ma n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ya, ebe dị ka ogologo dị ka ịta nke ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ dịtụ obere, ma na e nwere ike na-ewu ihe owuwu ọhụrụ e nwere a elu. N'ihi ya, ọ na-atụ anya na mmepe ga-bụghị naanị ụlọ ọrụ na Central Kazakhstan, ma ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara, ma anaghị agasi na okwu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ulo oru na saịtị na olu nke ha na ngwaahịa.