DNA replication - isi nkebi

Imepụtaghachi DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid biosynthesis. Ihe maka biosynthesis nke DNA bụ adenosine, na guanozin- tsitidin- timidintrifosfornaya acid ma ọ bụ ATP, GTP, CTP na TTP.

DNA replication

Biosynthesis rụrụ na ọnụnọ nke na-akpọ "mkpụrụ," - a buru ibu nke gbanwee otu-tọrọ atọ deoxyribonucleic acid mkpali. The mkpali-eme dị ka a DNA polymerase. Nke a enzyme a na-mix nke nucleotide residues. Na otu nkeji, ejikọ ihe karịrị 1,000 nucleotide residues. The nucleotide residues na a molekul nke deoxyribonucleic acid papaịrọs interconnected 3 ', 5'-phosphodiester agbụ. DNA polymerase catalyzes na mgbakwunye na nke mononucleotides residues na free 3-hydroxyl end-gbanwee deoxyribonucleic acid. First synthesized obere akụkụ nke DNA molekul. Ha ibinye onwe ha ka ihe nke DNA ligase na-etolite a ogologo iberibe deoxyribonucleic acid. Ma iberibe na-metụtara nanị akụkụ ụfọdụ na cell nuclei. Gbanwee deoxyribonucleic acid na-eji dị n'ókè nke uto nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu DNA ụmụ irighiri na bụkwa a matriks na nke a kpụrụ ihe antiparallel circuit deoxyribonucleic acid nke bụ gbanwee na DNA bụ yiri na Ọdịdị na pụrụ isi chọta nke nucleotide usoro nke residues. Replication nke DNA emee n'oge interphase mitotic cell nkewa. Deoxyribonucleic acid lekwasị ke chromosomes na chromatin. Mgbe e guzobere single- deoxyribonucleic acid kpụrụ ya sekọndrị na tertiary owuwu. Abụọ nke na-adị deoxyribonucleic acid na-interconnected site hydrogen nkekọ nke complementarity achị. DNA replication pụtara na cell nuclei.

Pictures iche iche iche iche maka biosynthesis nke RNA umu na ume-ọgaranya compound bụ ATP, GTP, CTP na TTP. Ribonucleic acid nwere ike synthesized nime ya na-ekere òkè nke onye nke atọ iberibe: na DNA-dabere RNA polymerase, polynucleotide-nucleotidyltransferases na RNA-dabere RNA polymerase. Nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ ndị e dere na nuclei nke mkpụrụ ndụ nile na-emeghe na-na mitochondria. RNA e synthesized na a DNA template na ọnụnọ nke ribonucleoside triphosphates, Mangan na Magnesium ion. Emepụta RNA molekul arụkọ na DNA template. Iji DNA replication mere na nuclei ii p-RNA, t-RNA na RNA-RNA na priming. Atọ ndị mbụ na-gaa na cytoplasm, ebe ha na-etinye aka ná protein biosynthesis.

DNA replication emee ihe fọrọ nke nta ka translation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Nzipu nakwa dị ka ichebe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ọmụma a rụrụ na nzọụkwụ abụọ: transcription na translation. Gịnị bụ a site n'usoro? Gene - a ihe onwunwe unit, nke bụ akụkụ nke ụmụ irighiri nke deoxyribonucleic acid (RNA na ụfọdụ nje). Ẹdude ke chromosomes nke cell nuclei. Genetic ọmụma na-ebute site si DNA via RNA na protein. Transcription a rụrụ na cell ntọala na bụ nke njikọ nke mRNA na ngalaba nke deoxyribonucleic acid ụmụ irighiri. Ọ ga-kwuru na usoro nke deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotides "rewritten" na nucleotide usoro nke molekul na RNA. RNA polymerase bụ mmasị na kwekọrọ ekwekọ DNA òkè, "unwinds" ya abụọ helix Ọdịdị na idetuo deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotides maka attaching ụkpụrụ nke complementarity. Dị ka Ndahie papaịrọs synthesized RNA Strand akpali pụọ matriks, na abụọ-tọrọ atọ DNA n'azụ enzyme ozugbo weghachiri eweghachi. Ọ bụrụ na ndị RNA polymerase esịmde ọgwụgwụ na-depụtaghachiri òkè-akpali pụọ RNA template na karyoplasm mgbe na-akpali n'ime cytoplasm, ebe ọ na-ewe akụkụ na protein biosynthesis.

N'oge na agbasa ozi n'ikuku pụrụ isi chọta nucleotide usoro na molekul na RNA sụgharịta n'ime a usoro nke amino acid residues na a protein molekul. Usoro a pụtara na cytoplasm na RNA na-jikọtara na kpụrụ polysomes.