Ebe na otú neurohormones na-emepụta? Gịnị bụ neurohormones na ihe ndị ha na ọrụ?

The Ọdịdị na eme nke endocrine glands na-amụ a sayensị, dị ka Endocrinology. Discipline nwekwara explores iche iche iche iche nke homonụ, ha na mmekọrịta, ụzọ nke ha guzobere na mmetụta na ahu.

Gịnị bụ a hormone?

Nke a, tinye n'ọbara ma banye n'ime ihe dị iche iche na akụkụ site na ya. N'ihi na ọrụ nke ndị a bekee na-ebelata ma ọ bụ na ụba ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ, kwuru na dị ka zaa. Homonụ site na ha mmetụta na ọ fọrọ nke nta niile nwere mkpa ọrụ nke ahụ mmadụ. The ịta nke ogige emepụta-adabere na ihe dị iche iche. Karịsịa, ndị dị mkpa oge nke ụbọchị, afọ, mmetụta uche na ọnọdụ ahụ. The homonụ banye n'ime ọbara dị ka ọ dị mkpa, na-tutu amama si n'ahụ unaltered ụdị ke obere mpịakọta site bile ma ọ bụ mmamịrị. E nwere dị iche iche nke ogige, nke nwere a ukwuu ma ọ bụ nta ruo n'ókè mmetụta na ọnọdụ mmadụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ neurohormones. A ogige na-emepụta na a akpan akpan ebe nke ụbụrụ. Gịnị bụ ndị a bekee? Dị ka ụzọ nke neurohormones? Olee mmetụta ga-ha nwere na usoro ke idem? On a gasịrị.

Isi

Tupu anyị chọpụta ebe na otú na-etolite neurohormones, kwesịrị ịghọta ihe ndị a bekee na niile. The definition onwe ya nwere Greek mgbọrọgwụ. Ọ na-n'ụzọ nkịtị sụgharịrị dị ka ndị neuron (akwara) + hormaino (eji, propel). Gịnị bụ neurohormones? Nke a biologically ifịk peptide compound. Ha na-abịa na pituitary gland na-achịkwakwa ya ọrụ. Neurohormone tọhapụrụ site hypothalamus. N'ihi ọrụ isiokwu ogige agwa endocrine na ụjọ usoro na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na neurosecretory mkpụrụ ndụ akpan akpan uche na neurotransmitters ọrụ - ogige nke ebunye usu ka a na-arụ ọrụ so na akwara ogwugwu. N'ihi ya, ha na-ekere òkè n'ebe ndị iwu nke ọrụ nke endocrine glands n'oge mmepe na uto nke organism.

nhazi ọkwa

Na nke a, Atiya, abụọ iche iche nke ogige. Nke mbụ bụ liberiny. Ndị bekee nwere a na-akpali akpali mmetụta na mmepụta nke pituitary tropic nzuzo. Na otu a, akpan akpan, na-agụnye corticotropin thyroliberin, folliberin, lyuliberin, somatoliberin, melanoliberin, prolaktoliberin. Nke abụọ otu netsyrogormonov - statins. Ndị a ngwaahịa soednieniya jiri tropic pituitary nzuzo. Na otu a, karịsịa na-agụnye somatostatin, na melanostatin prolaktostatin. Dị ka ihe ọmụmụ ndị, ọrụ nke neurohormones nke hypothalamus na ọ bụghị nanị na ndị mmalite ma ọ bụ mgbochi nke mmepụta nke biologically nọ n'ọrụ ogige tropic. The bekee nwere ikike inwe mmetụta n'ahụ ndị biosynthesis Filiks.

Na nke ebe a rụrụ ịzụlite?

Ọ na-e kwuru n'elu na mmepụta nke ndị a ogige ke ụmụ mmadụ a rụrụ na a akpan akpan ebe nke ụbụrụ. Formation nke a bekee emee ma na vertebrates na invertebrates. Ebe na otú neurohormones na-emepụta ndị ọzọ ntule? Na vertebrates, aka ke secretion nke pineal gland pinealocytes ọcha chromaffin anụ ahụ na adrenal medulla, ganglia na akwara Kporo paraganglia autonomic na elu ụjọ usoro. The secretory nsogbu dị iche iche neurohormones abụkarị eke agbụ ka ụgbọelu na-edozi.

ụfọdụ atụmatụ

N'adịghị ka ndị oge gboo ụdị nke akwara sel, nke na-emepụta chemical transmitters akwara esi gboo - ogbugbo, neurosecretory mkpụrụ ndụ na-emepụta na cytoplasm (na obere okwu, na ntọala) kpọmkwem compound. A ogige na-akwanyere ya ùgwù bụ isi akwara endings (ọnụ) na ọbara, hemolymph, cerebrospinal ọmụmụ na anụ ahụ. Neurohormones nwere a nduzi utịp ke ọrụ nke visceral akụkụ (endocrine glands, akpan akpan) na Central ụjọ usoro.

Gịnị bụ ọrụ nke neurosecretory mkpụrụ ndụ? The eme ndị a, ndị na-achịkwa oge gboo akwara ozi. Ha axons kpụrụ multiple synapses na ozu na ejiji neurosecretory mkpụrụ ndụ na-enwe ike n'ịwa ihe emereme nwere na mgbasa nke usu tinyere axons.

The ebe na ịta

Ịmara kpọmkwem ebe na otú na-etolite neurohormones, kwesịrị ịtụle ha nkesa na ụjọ usoro. Na invertebrates ala ntule njikọ na-ekesa diffusely. Phylogenetically gosiri ịta neurosecretory cell ozu na nwoke emmepe. Ya mere, e nwere ìgwè crustaceans na X-ahu, na ụmụ ahụhụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na prototserebrume. N'otu oge ahụ e neyrogemalnye ozu na neurosecretory ụzọ. Na vertebrates, ndị ọhụrụ na-elekwasị anya na a akpan akpan ebe nke diencephalon (ma na-azụ na caudal n'ógbè ọgidigi azụ - urofize). N'ihi ya, kpụrụ isi ihe abụọ neurosecretory usoro: caudal (azụ naanị) na hypothalamic-pituitary.

nkebi nke na-emepe emepe

Ebe na otú neurohormones na-emepụta? Njikọ nke ogige metụtara ụgbọelu na-edozi, na-rụrụ na ribosome. Ìgwè pụtara na tubules nke endoplasmic reticulum. Elementrị pellets akpatre guzobere Golgi mgbagwoju. A mmiri, onye n'obosara bụ site 50 ruo 500 nm nwere lipoprotein envelopu. Ọ na-kewapụrụ n'ebe ndị elektrọn-na ok center. Ọ, n'aka, mejupụtara a ụgbọelu protein na a neurohormone. Akpụ akpụ nsogbu dị iche iche na-rụrụ n'ebe axons. Ụfọdụ axons na kọntaktị na capillaries na neurohypophysis. Ndị ọzọ na-- na glandular mkpụrụ ndụ na adenohypophysis (tumadi ya n'etiti òkè). Na azụ, na axons nke caudal neurosecretory usoro emepụta aksoventrikulyarnye kọntaktị. Direct nhọrọ ọdịnaya nke nsogbu dị iche iche a rụrụ na na kọntaktị na nchekwa data site exocytosis ma ọ bụ nkwekọrịta neyrogemalnyh ozu, precapillary intercellular ohere na na ọdịiche na molekụla larịị.

kwere omume daa ọrịa

Neurohormones na-aka na-enwe n'ịnọgide hemostasis (mmiri na nnu, wdg), akụkụ dị iche iche nke metabolism, ụkpụrụ nke ezigbo Akwara ụda. Ke adianade do, n'ihi ọrụ ha dịgidere anụ ọrụ nke na ihe nke endocrine glands. Ọ na-atụle ọrụ peptide ogige na-eme ka nchebe na-agbanwe Jeremaya mere nke organism. Abanye hemolymph n'ime cerebrospinal ọmụmụ ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ, ha nwere a ogologo oge dị anya nduzi mmetụta. Na ikpe nke oké njọ imebi nke ọrụ nke hypothalamus na-emepụta, karị, hypothalamic neurohormones, e nwere nsogbu na mmepụta nke homonụ na pituitary gland na ndị ọzọ na endocrine glands. The nwoke wee malite ịzụlite a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrịa nke endocrine usoro. Karịsịa, a na-agụnye hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency, Cushing ọrịa, acromegaly, hypothyroidism na ndị ọzọ ọrịa.