Ebe platelet mmepụta. Structure na ọrụ nke platelet

The kasị nta mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ndị platelet. Ha anya dị ka a nuclear-free draịva. Ha n'obosara yiri ka 4 microns, na ọkpụrụkpụ - ruo 0,75 microns. Onye ọ bụla liter nke ọbara mmadụ platelet olu bụ na site na 180 na 350 x 10 ^9.

The ụzọ ọdịdị platelet

Platelet ịpụta na fragmentation nke cytoplasm. Ha na-iche site a nnukwu ụmị ọkpụkpụ mkpụrụ ndụ - megakaryocytes. Ha, n'aka, bụ n'ihi endomitosis. Mgbe nkewa emee 3-5 cycles, n'oge nke chromosomes na-okpukpu abụọ, ma cytoplasm na-adịghị kewara ekewa. Nke a usoro ọkachamara a na-akpọ na-ezughị ezu nkewa.

Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta na ebe guzobere platelet - a red ụmị ọkpụkpụ. Site na nke a na ha pụọ ma banye n'ọbara. Ma a n'ụzọ atọ nke ha ozugbo edebe ke splin. Nke a bụ n'ihi na iji nwayọọ ha ije gafee meandering udọ splin. Ndị fọdụrụ 2/3 na-ekesa na ọbara nke na nkezi nke ụbọchị asaa. Oke-adịru ndụ nwere ike iru ụbọchị 12.

The nucleation efere

Iji ghọta otú e nwere ndị kasị nta na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara, ọ dị mkpa mara bụghị naanị na ọnọdụ nke platelet guzobere. Ọ dị mkpa ka dokwuo anya na usoro nke ha na mmepe. Ya mere, ọ bụ nna nna nke megakaryoblasts. Nke a nnukwu cell size nke bụ 20 microns na isi. O nwere nucleotides. Megakaryoblasts ghọọ promegakaryocyte. Nke a Ọdịdị bụ ewekarị polimorfizu ntọala, cytoplasm ya ọka-free, basophilic.

The ọzọ ogbo nke mmepe bụ megakaryocyte. Nke a buru ibu cell na ụmị ọkpụkpụ, na dayameta nke nke si na 60 120 microns. Ọ bụ a ike ike isi, nke nwere ike na-a nnọọ aru ụdị. The cytoplasm ọ bụ nnukwu na size, ọ bụ a granular inclusions of pink na-acha odo odo.

The penultimate ogbo bụ ọdịdị megakaryocyte trombotsitogennogo. Behind ya na-ama natara kpọmkwem platelet. Ha na-kewapụrụ n'ebe ndị cytoplasm megakaryocyte. All a na-ewe ebe ụmị ọkpụkpụ bụ onye bụ isi na saịtị nke platelet guzobere.

Nweghị efere

Trombotsitogennye megakaryocytes na ụmị ọkpụkpụ ndị na endothelial elu, a na-akpọ imi. Ha cytoplasmic Filiks gabiga ya. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha banye n'ime n'ime imi lumen 1-2 microns na ofu na megakaryocyte endothelium. Ha ga-eje ozi dị ka ndị arịlịka. Ọzọ Filiks - a ogologo cytoplasmic teepu ogologo-abịa 120 microns. Ha gabiga lumen nke imi. Ha na-akpọ prothrombocytes. Onye ọ bụla megakaryocyte nwere ike ịbụ site 6 ruo 8.

obodo Mbelata cytoplasm na-amalite imi lumen. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ na-agbajikwa na e nwere ihe dị ka 1000 mmadụ platelet. Nke a bụ ebe platelet guzobere adịghị ọbụna-adịru. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ke n'ọbara nwekwara ada prothrombocytes. Ha iru akpa ume microvasculature, e na-tọhapụrụ full platelet. Ọ bụ ya mere e nwere ihe ọzọ ha na akpa ume veins karịa na kwekọrọ ekwekọ akwara. Ọ dị ịrịba ama na ha nwere ike kpụrụ ọbụna 7 na 17% nke platelet agafe n'ọbara.

ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ

Ọkachamara iche iche iche nke kasị nta mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara. Iche iche iche na-eto eto platelet. E jiri ya tụnyere tozuru okè forms ha na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site dịtụ nnukwu size, ehighị nne grit na bluish gialomer. Ha guzobere mmetụta mesikwuru ụmị ọkpụkpụ, ọ na-emekarị jikọtara ịrịba ọbara na ọnwụ.

Ha dị iche na anya na ndị agadi platelet. n'okpuru mikroskopu picture ka anyị tụlee ihe na ha nwere a warara rim, a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke vacuoles na nsogbu dị iche iche. Ha iche oge ufodu contours, uko granulomerom na ike ogide dum platelet. Oké ole ha na-egosi na ọdịdị nke a ajọ akpụ.

Iche iche, natara forms of iyatesịt. Ọ otshnurovaniya si megakaryocytes apụta mebiri nke nkewa usoro. Ọnụnọ ha na-agba akaebe na ọrịa nke ọbara. Ha na-ele anya dị ka obere ma ọ bụ, ọzọ, ibu platelet ọbara mmadụ.

Nọmalị, ọbara ga-ihe karịrị 90% nke tozuru okè ụdị platelet. Ha nwere a discoidal udi na nkọ n'ọnụ, granulomerom centrally mere ndokwa, nke bụ 5-20 azurophilic nsogbu dị iche iche, lilac gialomerom.

Filiks nke ndụ

Igosi na ụmị ọkpụkpụ, mkpụrụ ndụ na-ahapụ isi ebe platelet guzobere. Site n'ụzọ, ha mmepụta bụ usoro trombotsitopoetinami. Ha, n'aka, na-egosi bụghị naanị na ụmị ọkpụkpụ, kamakwa splin na imeju na. Ọkachamara mata abụọ trombotsitopoetinov otu. Ha nwere ike ịbụ ogologo oge ma ọ bụ na-adịghị adịte edinam. The mbụ n'ime ha na-akwalite full maturation na iche nke megakaryocytes, na nke ikpeazụ welie cleavage ndị a obere efere ma mee ngwangwa ha penetration n'ime ọbara.

Platelet na-ebibi, onye photos nwere ike hụrụ na multiple na-amụba, na nkezi, a izu ọrụ. Usoro a na-ewe ebe tumadi na ụmị ọkpụkpụ, ma na-amalite irekasị ndị a na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara na splin na imeju na. The mbibi na-ewe ebe na usoro nke pụrụ iche mkpụrụ ndụ na-akpọ macrophages.

Ọdịdị nke ihe ndekọ

Onye ọ bụla tozuru okè platelet nwere ike kere atọ zones. The elu akụkụ bụ atọ oyi akwa akpụkpọ ahụ. O nwere ihe nnabata maka collagen, serotonin, thrombin, epinephrine, ADP. Na elu òkè nke akpụkpọ ahụ bụ pụrụ iche amorphous oyi akwa esịnede ihe maka clotting ọbara plasma.

Middle oyi akwa bụ a Solo-jel. E nwere ihe pụrụ iche ọwa na ohere na-abụghị nke akpụkpọ ahụ. Ọzọkwa microfilaments oyi akwa mejupụtara a ndebe nke diski ekara efere. Njirimara nke a nke platelet adabere na otú ga-a retraction nke a ọbara clot.

Ọzọkwa dịpụrụ adịpụ organelles mpaghara. O nwere glycogen na Alfa-nsogbu dị iche iche, na ok ozu, ndị mitochondria.

ọrụ

Mụta otú na-egosi kọwara nta ahụ ọbara, ọtụtụ ndị na-amalite na-eche ihe na-eme ka platelet. Ha na-bu n'obi na-ekere òkè na hemostasis, aka idozi mebiri emebi ọbara arịa. Nke a na-ekwe omume ekele eziokwu na ha nwere ike mmasị ka mebiri emebi mgbidi na weghachi ha. Ọzọkwa, ndị a na mkpụrụ ndụ na-chọrọ iji gbochie ọbara na-agba ndị bụ isi mmepụta ndu oke mmiri si n'ọbara.

Enye ogbugbu nke kwuru platelet ọrụ Njirimara: adhesion na aggregation. Ya mere na-akpọ ha ike na-mmasị ka subendothelium na arapara ọnụ.