Eserese nke Catherine 2. ntị Fedor Stepanovich Portrait nke Catherine II (foto)

Gbanwee, mba ọzọ amụma na omume ndị agha, nke budata wusiri Russian ike, na-akọwa Eze Nwanyị Ukwu dị ka a-enye iwu na onye ọkà nkụzi, ọhụụ strategist, a maara ihe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na diplomaati. Sịkwa na ha dịkọrọ ndụ n'oge ndụ nke ya na inwe-emeri Great. Ọ n'ezie na-atụle ihe ịrịba statesman, n'agbanyeghị nnyocha nke na-eme nnyocha banyere ya àgwà na a siri ike stance na nkwupụta nke serfdom.

N'anya nke ukwuu nke nna ukwu nke ezi nkà, ọ na-egosi dị ka a dị mma, dị otu otu obi, na-adịghị atụ ụjọ, ngosi na Ọkaakaa nke ocheeze. Eserese nke Catherine 2 - a ngosipụta nke ezigbo, edidem maka ọganihu nke sayensị, agụmakwụkwọ, na omenala na ịkpọlite ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ùgwù nke ala.

Ihe ogugu nke oké Eze Nwanyị Ukwu: ụzọ ọchịchị

Catherine mụrụ on 2 April 1729, na mbụ na ọ bụ a purebred German nwaanyị, a nwaafo nke ndị ogbenye ihe gbasara onye isi. Mgbe ọ dị iri na anọ, ọ kwagara Russia na nwunye okwa onye nketa ka ocheeze Peter III. Mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, ọ nakweere Chọọchị Ọtọdọks, na e nyere nwunye nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu eze ukwu.

Ọbụna ya-eto eto Catherine dị iche nkọ amamihe, aghụghọ na-eleru, mfe mma ndị ọzọ iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ ha. O ji obi ụtọ na-amụ sayensị, a ọtụtụ nke ịgụ na onwe-mụtara Russian na French. All nke a na ihe ọmụma na n'ọdịnihu dị nso na ọ bara uru ka a isi iyi nke ọma eze. Ya mere, malite na-etolite a akụkọ ihe mere eme Eserese nke Catherine 2, isi atụmatụ nke ndị ụwa agwụkwa mkpanaka, obi ike, oké ọchịchọ, nganga na aghụghọ. O nwere ihe abụọ dị mkpa talent - agbanyụ mmetụta ha na ihu ọma nke rationalism na-adị mfe imeri general ebere.

N'ihi ya, Catherine na-eji nwayọọ na obi ike ime ka eze ukwu na ocheeze nke na-eme a kuu ọnwa isii mgbe mkpọsa nke Emperor Peter III na-emecha akwatu di.

"Golden Age" nke Catherine oge

Na bịara na osisi, ekaufọk were steeti usoro ke zuru mbibi akwalitewo ya ịzụlite a ọhụrụ set nke iwu. Na obi nke "ọlaedo afọ" nke Ekaterina 2 na-anya na-esonụ:

1. The iwu nke "oke mmụta absolutism" na mgbanwe:

• ùgwù maka ama, ike nke ha ike;

• tightening nke serfdom;

• oruru nke ụlọ akwụkwọ usoro na a otu plan;

• mmepe nke obodo ọchịchị n'obodo;

• branching usoro nke n'ụlọikpe.

2. Foreign iwu:

• ẹkụre abụọ emeri Russian Turkish agha;

• merie ndị Swedes;

• inweta ala ọhụrụ (n'oge n'ókèala Crimea, Right-Bank Ukraine na Belarus) - 11 anāchi achi nke 50 ndị dị n'oge na-meriri n'oge ọchịchị nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu;

• ike nke ndịda ala, free ahia na Black Sea;

• anọzi na Baltic mpaghara, ihe Caucasus na Caucasus.

Historical Eserese nke Catherine 2 ike na-ada n'okpuru kpọmkwem echiche: n'ihi na ụfọdụ na ọ bụ - a maara onye na-achị, n'ihi na ndị ọzọ - a ọchịchị aka ike, ma na ọgwụgwụ dị mkpa nke ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị mere ụwa akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha.

Catherine Leake 2: omenala Image

Na XVIII narị afọ na-akọwa abụọ dị iche omenala nke oké oyiyi nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu na Russian art.

The mbụ akọ ya idealization, na-emesi ike kasị mma atụmatụ na àgwà ya. Eserese nke Catherine 2 a na-ewere na onodu nke Ọkaakaa mbuli elu, na-elekọta ndị ya, na-emeghe agụmakwụkwọ njikọ, na-eduzi mgbanwe, na-emepe emepe na nkà nke ilekọta banyere ikpe ziri ezi. Nke a na obibia hụrụ ya echiche na ọmarịcha masterpieces Fedora Rokotova na Dmitriya Levitskogo.

The abụọ na omenala bụ na-agbalị "humanize" Ọkaakaa anya na-emetụta nnọọ ihe osise nke Catherine 2 ọzọ anụ na agba. Na-ebute ụzọ obi umeala, site n'ikike, ọbụbụenyi, mgbaghara ndị ọzọ adịghị emezi emezi, echiche nke ibu ọrụ, mmesapụ aka. All nke a bụ mfe ịchọpụta na-ese na ọrụ Vladimira Borovikovskogo.

Fedor Stepanovich ntị: ya ndụ

A maara nke ọma Russian artist a mụrụ na obodo nta nke Vorontsov. Mbụ agụmakwụkwọ ekele support L.-ZH. Le Lorrain na P. de Rotary. Ọ mụtara ihe ndị bụ isi nke ezi nkà na Rococo style. Na na 1960, ọ na-kwetara na Petersburg Academy nke Arts n'okpuru iji nke nchebe II Shuvalov. Mgbe afọ ise gachara, ọ nọ na ọdịda nke aha academician. Ná ngwụsị nke 1766-nke ọ kwagara Moscow, ebe ọ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke ọhụrụ eserese. Ya ọrụ ama etre ke December 1808.

okike nketa

Fedor Stepanovich ntị bụ ezigbo portraitist, penetrates miri n'ime ọdịdị na dị iche uchu egbu. Erule mmalite '60s ama na-akwanyere ùgwù dị ka a ọkà ukwu, na-egosi nke a bụ iji mee ka a Eserese nke Catherine 2. Ọ bụ n'ezie ude nke onye na-ese si talent. Mgbe mbụ ọrụ e dere Rokotov na ntinye nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu ocheeze, sochiri a abụọ - ọkara n'ogologo Eserese nke oké nwanyị ahụ na ọ bụ nnọọ ụtọ, na-akọwa ya dị ka "ihe kasị yiri".

E wezụga ndị a masterpieces Rokotoff brushes iso Peter III osise cesarevitch Paul ma ama II Shuvalov Count Orlov Count Struyskogo na nwunye ya, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama na ndị mmadụ nke oge nke Catherine Ukwu ahụ.

The kasị elu nweta na ubi nke portraiture

Na 1763, mgbe echichi ememe ẹkenịmde na nsọpụrụ nke na-abịa onye na-achị nke ocheeze, e dere iwu Eserese nke Catherine 2. ntị e ọdịda a kwesịrị nsọpụrụ ozi.

Eze Nwanyị Ukwu image e ịmepụtagharịa site artist nkà: ezigbo snow-ọcha ihu, ike-ụwa agwụkwa uche, obi ike mmegharị. Nwaanyị ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke na ya mara mma, ndị ezigbo ukwu! Ọ ike compresses mkpanaka n'aka-ya, na-atụ ya kwupụta na na nke Peter m, bụ ndị ị pụrụ ịhụ, e dere: "malitere na-arụpụta." The Nchikota silver palette uwe na magburu onwe-acha uhie uhie ndo ákwà-nkwuba-emesi pụrụ iche nke ọnụ ọgụgụ, akọ e sere na kwaaji.

The abụọ Eserese nke Catherine 2 ntị kere iji profaịlụ n'ụzọ, nke bụ obere onu na-ede portraiture. Ma o nyere ekaufọk nke ezigbo agwa. Noble atụmatụ, mpako na-amị, a ụfọdụ dynamism na mmegharị plus n'ọnyà nke ike ma ọgaranya drapery - ezi mmetụta na-enweta.

The oyiyi nke priestess

Ala Rọshịa bụ Dmitri Grigor'evich Levitsky Eserese nke Catherine 2 kere iji a nnọchianya nke ikpe ziri ezi na ziri ezi. Ya Ịdị ukwuu na-egosi dị ka a omeiwu, priestess, bụ onye nọ n'ụlọ nsọ nke chi nwanyị Themis. Lady nke apa ọkụ n'elu ebe ịchụàjà dị ka ihe ịrịba ama nke àjà poppies nwere udo maka ọdịmma nke mmadụ. On isi ya kama nke onye eze nke okpueze - okpueze laurel. Ihe ogugu nke Ọkaakaa mantle mma na na Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, a rịbọn na a cross nke St. Vladimir, nke bụ a Agba ya pụrụ iche kpọkwara n'ihu nna. Levitsky Eserese nke Catherine 2 ka kwukwara a set nke iwu na ya n'ụkwụ na nọ n'elu ha ugo - a na akara nke ike na nche. Against ndabere nke kwesiri ngosi ahịa nsoro - onye-ozi nke ọganihu nke ala.

Ọbụna a ọnụ nkọwa nke a Eserese nke Catherine 2 na-egosi na ọ dị ka ezigbo onye na-achị, na-agbalịsi ike ilekọta banyere ya mba.

akara sentimentalism

N'ịchọ chee Great Eze Nwanyị Ukwu na a sentimental ụzọ, mesie eke ala, na-ezu ike n'obi nke uwa, a maara nke ọma artist Vladimir Borovikovsky Portrait nke Catherine 2 kere na ụzọ abụọ. One - na ndabere nke Cesme ogidi, nke abụọ - na ndabere nke Cahul obelisk.

Nke a na-arụ ọrụ e dere bụghị site uwa, uwe Eze Nwanyị Ukwu ede akwụkwọ jụrụ ya igwefoto-Frau, ma onye na-ese na ya mgbe ike na-ekiri Catherine mgbe na-eje ije. Si na ya pụta na ọ na-arụ ọrụ Borovikovsky ụtọ abịaghị, n'ihi na Eserese bụ a na foto nke otu agadi nwanyị na-aga ije na ya na-arụ ọrụ na Park na-ekwusi ike, n'ịgba attire. Ebe a na-achị na-anọchi anya abụghị a chi nwaanyị, ma nkịtị, nweekwa ala, na-enweghị pathos na emume ofufe.

Ma ọ bụghị naanị ihe osise Fedora Rokotova na Dmitriya Levitskogo, Vladimir Borovikovsky ma na-ala ghọtara masterpieces na kasị mma e ji mara njirimara nke Oké Nwaanyị nke Russian ocheeze.