Formula polypropylene. Properties na ngwa nke polypropylene

Na Polymers mere si ndị a ihe, ihe n'ụlọ na ngwa - nke a bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ na ndụ mmadụ n'ozuzu. Natural ego, dị mwute ikwu na, idiọk depleted n'oge ha were. Ya mere, ndị mmadụ na-amụta na synthesize wuru ihe na nwere ọtụtụ mkpa oru e ji mara. Otu n'ime ndị a bụ polypropylene. Chemical usoro a compound, karịsịa ya Njirimara na Ọdịdị nke molekul ga-atụle n'isiokwu na-esonụ.

Polymers - a n'ozuzu nkọwa nke

Nke a na klas nke ogige gụnyere ndị ahụ na-a dị nnọọ elu uru nke molekụla arọ. N'ihi Polymers - bụ mgbagwoju organic ogige iso nke multiple ugboro ugboro monomer nkeji, nke nwere ike ịbụ na ọtụtụ iri puku kwuru iri ka narị otu narị, ọtụtụ puku ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ nde mmadụ.

Ihe na-esonụ iche iche nwere ike iche n'etiti ndị niile Polymers:

1. Natural si - edozi, nucleic acid ụmụ irighiri nke ATP, na na.
2. Ru - ndị na-dabere na eke, ma e na ya gbanwetụrụ iji mma arụmọrụ. Ka ihe atụ, wuru rubbers.
3. Sịntetik - ndị na-kere naanị site chemical Jeremaya mere, njikọ na laabu na mmepụta osisi. Ebe a ihe atụ bụ sịntetik akwa na emep uta eri, polyethylene, sịntetik rubbers, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene na ndị ọzọ.

All ubi-akara na otu nke Polymers - otu ihe dị mkpa na ulo oru ngwaọrụ maka nkwadebe na mmepụta nke dị iche iche na ngwá, ihe n'ụlọ, glassware, ụmụaka, ngwá ụlọ na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Anọchitekwa anya nke ihe ndị kasị mkpa sịntetik Polymers

The chemical usoro nke otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa ndị nnọchiteanya nke sịntetik Polymers e dere dị ka (-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -) _n. Nke a polyethylene. Ya ebe ojiji na-mara. Nke a na ezinụlọ mkpa (shopping film), na ulo oru, na nri, ụlọ ọrụ (mbukota ihe). Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ ihe kasị nkịtị, ma ọ bụghị naanị nnọchiteanya dị oké mkpa maka ụmụ mmadụ. Ọ pụkwara ịgụnye ihe Polymers dị ka:

• ịkwanyere;
• polypropylene;
• polyisobutylene;
• polystyrene;
• Teflon;
• polyvinyl acetate, na ndị ọzọ.

Ọ bụ na ndị na-ewu azụmahịa, na nke na-eme cookware ekere òkè dị mkpa ihe onwunwe dị ka polypropylene. Ya mere, ọ bụ n'ihu tụlee ya atụmatụ si a chemical ele ihe anya.

polypropylene Formula

Si ele ihe anya nke sayensị onwu, ihe ndị mejupụtara nke umi nwere ike kwupụtara na dị iche iche iche iche nke formulas. The mbụ nhọrọ bụ molekụla ụdị ide. Na nke a na usoro bụ dị ka polypropylene (C ₃ H _{6) n.} Ikpeazụ polimerazatsii n bụ ogo, i.e. ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bughi nkeji na mbụ macrochain.

Nke a ndekọ na-atụ aro a qualitative na quantitative mejupụtara nke molekul. Polypropene mejupụtara carbon na hydrogen atọm, na ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ na monomer unit bụ karị hà 3/6, na a ngụkọta yinye na-adabere na index n. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere ihe owuwu nke compound, na iji nke atọm na molekul, mgbe ahụ, ị chọrọ a dị iche iche ụdị na ndekọ ihe onwunwe.

Polypropylene: bughi usoro

Record ụdị, nke na-egosi na iji nke atọm nkekọ na molekul, a na-akpọ bughi usoro. N'ihi na bekee na-atụle ebe a na ọ ga-enwe ụdị: (Kra ₂ -CH-Kra ₃ -) _n. N'ụzọ doro anya, valence atọm ọsọ ke organic onwu na na-nọgidere na nke a. Formula polypropylene ma ọ bụ polypropene egosi ụdị monomer unit underlies compound. Ọ a kpụrụ si ihe unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkene) propene ma ọ bụ propene. Ya ahụrụ anya usoro: C ₃ H _8.

The mbụ monomer

The usoro maka inweta polypropylene monomer dị ka ndị a: (-CH ₂ -CH-Kra ₃ -). Ọ bụrụ na nke a na ibe akwụkwọ na-ugboro ugboro ọtụtụ narị ugboro, anyị na-enweta dum macromolecule, a sịntetik polima, nke a na-ewere ihe onwunwe. Ke adianade do, anyị ugbua kwuru na ihe niile na-amalite ihe na polymerization mmeghachi omume ga-atụle nkịtị alkene - propene. Ọ bụ polypropylene monomer. Structural usoro ga-dere dị ka Kra ₃ -CH = Kra _2. Na ezumike chọrọ abụọ nkekọ moiety kpụrụ n'oge polymerization. Na otu monomer unit, nke ugboro forms a polima macromolecule.

Anụ ahụ na chemical Njirimara

Polypropylene usoro (-CH ₂ -CH-Kra ₃ -) _n enye ihe na-egosi ya n'ụzọ nkịtị na chemical e ji mara. Anyị depụta ndị bụ isi.

1. Physical Njirimara nke polima: 0,91 g / cm ^3, ike, abrasion eguzogide ọgwụ, n'okpuru corrosion. White, opaque. Ọ dịghị isi. Na mmiri, organic solvents na nkịtị okpomọkụ unyi anaghị agbasa. Mgbe index n'elu 100 ⁰ C na-etisasịwo na hydrocarbon ogige. Ọ na-amalite nro mgbe 140 ⁰ C, na 170 ⁰ C agbaze. Ọ nwere okpomọkụ na oyi na-atụ ndị na-eguzogide.
2. Chemical Njirimara. Si echiche ọrụ, polypropene nwere ike ekewet a n'ụzọ inert ihe onwunwe. Ọ bụ ike nke na omume naanị na a karịsịa oxidants: fuming nitric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, ifịk ifịk halogens (fluorine, chlorine). Ebe ọ bụ na mmiri na-adịghị emekọ na niile, ọbụna na elu okpomọkụ. Ebe ọ bụ na naanị oxygen mkpatụ n'elu irradiation na ultraviolet ìhè, ọ na-esonyere Ihere na polima. The organic solvents na-amụba okpomọkụ tọrọ na dissolves.

Ụfọdụ Njirimara nwere ike ekewet ji mara ihe na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe niile nke otu polypropylene. E nwere ihe pụrụ iche nwekwara stabilizers, nke na-kere iji dị iche iche akara ule nke polima n'okpuru echiche.

ihe nkọwa

Ọ bụ ike ikpo ọtụtụ isi Njirimara nwere polypropylene ihe onwunwe. Njirimara ya na-esonụ:

1. Mgbe kpo oku bụ ike agbazekwa, nro na mbụ.
2. E nwere conduction Njirimara.
3. Udarostoek, inogide na-eyi.
4. Eguzogide abrasion.
5. Ịka nká mgbe ìhè anyanwụ na oxygen, ma usoro bụ ya zuru ezu ngwa ngwa.
6. Dị ka polima nwere a obere molekụla arọ.
7. Nwere a na-acha ọcha, translucent, ọ dịghị uto ma ọ bụ ịnụ ísì.
8. Ọ bụrụ na combustion anaghị emit emerụ bekee, ọ na-ewepụtarịrị a ìhè Ifuru senti.
9. Ọ bụ mgbanwe, inogide, na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche iche iche nke mmetọ.
10. Ọ nwere okpomọkụ na ntu oyi.

All ubi-akara na polypropylene dị ka ihe Njirimara-eme ka ọ adabara a dịgasị iche iche nke mkpa. Ọ dị mfe iji, mfe ịnọgide na-enwe na-eji na omume nke ọ bụla oru nke aku na uba.

Na ngụkọta, e nwere atọ isi iche ihe a:

• attaktichesky;
• syndiotactic;
• isotactic.

Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ha - ọ bụ ndị gbasara ohere Ọdịdị nke ahụ molekul. Kpọmkwem - na methyl iche iche na yinye. Ọzọkwa nkọwa mmetụta kwụsie nwekwara, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị monomer nkeji na macrostructure.

Mepụta ihe ma na ụdị a granular crystalline mebere atumatu ma na ụdị emep uta eri, Ibé akwụkwọ.

Areas ojiji

Ihe polypropylene eji maka mmepụta nke dị iche iche na fim, nkwakọ containers, nri containers. Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ na-emekarị mere nke plastic iko na ihe ndị ọzọ nke disposable tableware. Nke a ihe onwunwe na-eji na-eme inogide, eguzogide chemical mmadụ polypropylene Plumbing ọkpọkọ.

Ọ na-eji ike shumonepronitsaemyh ihe. Nrapado teepu - ọ bụ na-otu nke polypropylene iche.

Attaktichesky ihe onwunwe e ji eme ka:

• mastics;
• adhesives;
• caulking;
• nrapado etere;
• pavements na na.

A ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke polypropylene Ibé akwụkwọ, emep uta eri, doo maka imewe nke ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu, agụmakwụkwọ, ihe n'ụlọ na n'ezinụlọ ngwongwo.