Gịnị bụ dị iche iche si gymnosperms angiosperms? Isi iche

Gymnosperms (Latin Gymnospérmae.) Ndien angiosperms, ma ọ bụ okooko osisi (Magnoliophyta lat.) - a bụ abụọ dị iche iche iche iche nke osisi alaeze (Subkingdom elu osisi), pụtara successively na na mmalite nke okike. Ha na-egwu ọrụ dị mkpa na oru nke mbara ala, na-eme ya green cover.

Ụfọdụ ndị a dị iche iche na-now kpamkpam nwuchapu na mmanu ndi mere onwe ego na udi. Ugbu a na Earth e nwere holographic, na angiosperms. E nwere isi ihe dị iche iche na ya mara na abụọ dị iche iche.

mbido

The si na afọ - bụ isi, ihe dị iche iche si gymnosperms angiosperms. Gymnosperms - a nnọọ oge ochie otu osisi ntule. Ha adị n'ụwa na Devonian oge (Paleozoic oge), ọ bụ banyere 370 nde afọ gara aga. Ọ na-kweere na ha bụ ụmụ mkpụrụ ferns (Latin Pteridospermae.) - kpamkpam nwuchapu osisi na ọtụtụ Mbipụta nke na-hụrụ na sediments nke mbubreyo Devonian na Early Cretaceous.

Okooko osisi, ma ọ bụ angiosperms pụtara 120-150 nde afọ gara aga, na ókè nke ala Jurassic na Cretaceous (Mesozoic Era) na ọsọsọp a kasị ọnọdụ na mbara ala. Ọ na-kweere na ndị nna nna ha bụ oge ochie gymnosperms.

The iche iche nke umu na ndụ forms

Gymnosperms ngụkọta dị 1000 umu ugbu a ẹdude ke uwa. Ndị ọzọ so n'ìgwè a kpamkpam nwuchapu, na na-emekarị hụrụ site paleontologists na mmanu ndi mere onwe ụdị. ndụ ụdị - Evergreen osisi na osisi, na vine redkovstrechaemye. Department gymnosperms-anọchi anya ọtụtụ ọmụmụ:

1. Sagovnikovye: cycad drooping, Stanger woolly, Boven et al.
2. Bennettitales Williamson nilsoniopteris (kpam kpam nwuchapu klas).
3. Gnetalians: Ephedra horsetail, velivichiya mirabilis.
4. Ginkgo: Ginkgo biloba.
5. Conifers: spruce, fir, pine, juniper, cedar, na ndị ọzọ.

Budata ọzọ di iche iche - nke a bụ ihe gosiri ọdịiche ndị angiosperms si gymnosperms. Angiosperms, e nwere ihe 300 puku umu -. Ihe karịrị ọkara nke ihe niile osisi nke planet. Ha na-adị n'ụdị nke osisi, osisi, perennial na-enwe kwa afọ grasses, vine. Ha nhazi ọkwa bụ nnọọ iche iche na mgbagwoju anya, ya bụ:

• Class Monocots:

ezinụlọ:

Mkpụrụ: rye, ọka oat, na ọka wheat, na ndị ọzọ.

Liliaceae: lily, tulip, garlic, eyịm, wdg

• Class Dicotyledons:

ezinụlọ:

Solanaceae: nduku, ụtaba, solanum, Datura, Hyoscyamus et al.

Asteraceae: sunflower, mugwort, Dandelion, Jerusalem atịchok, etc ..

Legumes: soybeans, chickpeas, peas, agwa ndị ọzọ.

Cruciferous: kabeeji, radish, radish, tonip, wdg

Rosaceae: bilie, bilie, Rowan, Cherry et al.

omumu akụkụ

Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti angiosperms na gymnosperms - ngwa nke mmekọahụ amụba. Ìgwè nke mbụ bụ a ifuru na ovary nke na-etolite osisi (mkpụrụ) mgbe njikọta. Ọ mejupụtara nke stamens - nwoke mmekọahụ akụkụ, pistil - nne mmekọahụ ngwa (site na ya ga-ịzụlite mkpụrụ), na corolla lobes, na awụnye na peduncle. Ifuru dị iche na udi, na agba na agba dabere na ụdị osisi.

Na gymnosperms ọrụ a na-rụrụ site a gbanwetụrụ mgbapụ - a akpụ na ike nwoke ma ọ bụ nwaanyị, nke na-adị mfe ekpe ikpe site na ya size. Ọ bụ na ya na akpịrịkpa ovules ịzụlite, na ekemende kpụrụ mkpụrụ.

njikọta

The usoro nke njikọta - bụ isi ihe, dị iche n'ebe gymnosperms angiosperms. Na gymnosperms bụ nnọọ mfe. The pollen akpa nwayọọ nwayọọ maturation nke pollen mkpụrụ, nke na-ahụ zigara nne gametophyte. Otu spam (nwoke gamete) impregnates naanị otu egg, whereupon a mkpụrụ. The usoro wee na megasporangia ma ọ bụ ovules.

Na okooko emee dị iche iche. Ebe e nwere bụ a abụọ njikọta bụ ihe angiosperms si dị iche na gymnosperms. Nkenke, usoro a akọwawo Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị SG Navashin na 1898. Ọ gara n'ihu dị ka ndị a: n'ime nke pollen mkpụrụ asiaha ovary abụọ spam fertilizes otu egg site na nke nkpuru-amalite, nke abụọ - Central cell, na-enye ịrị elu endosperm - ọkọnọ nke nri na nwa ebu n'afọ.

nwa ebu n'afọ na Education

Mgbe njikọta, okooko osisi na-etolite mkpụrụ osisi - ihe dị iche iche angiosperms si gymnosperms. mkpụrụ mkpụrụ guzobere emee n'ime a gbanwetụrụ ovary mgbidi. Ma, mgbe ụfọdụ ya guzobere isonye perianth, stamens na calyx, ya niile na-adabere na ụdị osisi. N'oge a, na ije nke ịnweta ma organic bekee na osisi a na-eduzi n'ebe mkpụrụ nwere ike deplete ndị ọzọ arọ. Mkpụrụ, nakwa dị ka umu mejupụtara nke angiosperms, ji a dịgasị iche iche nke iche-iche.

Gymnosperms angiosperms si dị iche na enweghị mkpụrụ. Ha osisi na-enịm n'ihu ọha na flake cones na ihe ọ bụla debeere. Otú ọ dị, ha nwere ihe pụrụ iche adaptations na-ekwe ka na-ekesa ihe karịrị anya.

mgbasa

Method nkpuru Mgbasa - mkpa ọnọdụ si dị iche na gymnosperms angiosperms. The ìgwè mbụ nke a bụ nanị ụzọ - na-enyemaka nke ifufe. Ya mere, osisi na-nyere na ejiji, ejiji na membranous nku ekara Ọdịdị. Movement nke ikuku ruru eru nke agbasakwa dị otú ahụ osisi bukwanu anya karịa na-nyere site mgbasawanye nke ebe nke a osisi.

Na angiosperms ụzọ na-agbasa osisi dị ihe iche iche. Nke a na-eme na enyem-aka nke ifufe, ụmụ ahụhụ, ụmụ nnụnụ, mammals, na ndị mmadụ. Ụfọdụ mkpụrụ na-slinging na growths na ike jidesienụ uwe ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ajị anụ na ya na-eme ogologo njem. Ọtụtụ mkpụrụ osisi nwere a ụtọ kemmiri pulp, oriri maka ụmụ mmadụ na ụmụ anụmanụ, nke ana achi achi nkesa osisi.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ na-eduzi na nsụkọrọ

The ngwaọrụ nke conduction usoro - bụ ihe dị iche iche si gymnosperms angiosperms. Ke okenye osisi ije nke mmiri na nri na anụ ahụ abụghị ufiop. The mmiri mmiri Nkea nwayọọ nwayọọ site tracheids - oghere ebe akpa-na oké mgbidi na Original Mix perforated baffles. Ha bụ akụkụ nke xylem, na-enye ihe gaba n'iru ọmụmụ eruba - si mgbọrọgwụ na epupụta. Tracheids bụ doro anya na anya mgbe atụle ha n'okpuru a mikroskopu.

Conduction usoro nke angiosperms bụ ihe zuru okè. Ndị a osisi na-agbanwe ghọọ arịa tracheids. Nke a bụ nnọọ ogologo tube (ụfọdụ vine ha ruru ọtụtụ iri mita), nke enwekwukwa ọmụmụ eruba na nri. Nke a na atụmatụ na-eme ka ụlọ a karị ọtụtụ mkpa n'ahụ Filiks ke osisi: e guzobere chlorophyll, photosynthesis, respiration.

evolutionary uru

Gymnosperms adị na Earth ogologo oge karịa angiosperms. Ma, n'agbanyeghị nke a, ha na-adịghị enweta di iche iche nke umu na iche-iche peculiar na-eto okooko osisi. Gịnị bụ ihe dị iche angiosperms si gymnosperms? Gịnị uru ekwe ha ka ha buru a kasị itie ke osisi ụwa nke mbara ala? E nwere ụfọdụ oge na-ekara ya, ya bụ:

• ọdịdị nke ifuru mara mma ka ụmụ ahụhụ, osisi na-ekwe ka dịkwuo Ohere nke pollination;
• pollinating dịgasị iche iche nke nhọrọ;
• ovary ovule echebe megide mmebi;
• abụọ njikọta enyere ẹmbrayo nke mkpụrụ na-oriri na-ezuru ha development;
• kemmiri mkpụrụ na-enye nchekwa dị n'ime nkpuru;
• ụzọ ntọt nkpuru nkesa;
• di iche iche nke ndụ forms (osisi, ahịhịa, bushes)-enye gị ohere ka ha jupụta ibu ebe obibi niches;
• vaskụla usoro a sikwuo ike arịa na activates ọtụtụ oké mkpa n'ahụ Filiks osisi organism.

The isi iche. nkenke nchịkọta

Ya mere, ihe dị iche iche site gymnosperms angiosperms? Nkenke isi iche ìgwè abụọ na-egosi na Isiokwu.

Pụta na ihe evolutionary ụzọ, ngwaọrụ, dị ka nchedo nke mkpụrụ ahụ, abụọ njikọta, pollination site na ụmụ ahụhụ, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ elu conduction usoro kwere angiosperms ogide a kasị ọnọdụ ụwa na ụwa na osisi.