Gịnị mere e guzobere aeolian landforms? The usoro nke na-akpụ a enyemaka

N'okpuru enyemaka ịghọta etolite elu nke mbara ala anyị, nke a na-ewere na mmekọrita a ụfọdụ larịị. Na ọzọ okwu, ọ bụ niile ụfọdụ nke ala ahu, na oké osimiri na oké osimiri n'ala. Dị iche iche nke ihe enyemaka na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site ha size, afọ, na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepe.

Ọ dị mkpa karịsịa na-atụle nke a na imewe na-adọ na n'oge na-ewu nke okporo ụzọ, okporo ígwè na netwọk ndị ọzọ. E ji mara enyemaka (ugwu ugwu, ugwu ugwu, ewepụghị na na. D.) Ihe na-emetụta ego nke na-arụ ọrụ ma na-eri.

Movement nke landforms

All ala ụfọdụ na-ekewa n'ime:

1. Mountain. Nke a cone ekara landform, towering n'elu gburugburu chakoo. The kasị elu mgbe ugwu a na-akpọ onu ire, nke nwere ike ịbụ ma nnukwu ma ọ bụ nke dị n'ụdị ihe saịtị (dị larịị). Mpụta elu nke ndị dị otú ahụ elevations iso nke skates. Na akara, nke na-egosi anọ na ugwu gbara ya gburugburu teren, a isi ma ọ bụ naanị.

2. ndị e gwupụtara. Nke a na ụdị nke enyemaka na ncherita-iru ugwu bụ a mechiri emechi ịda mbà n'obi. The kasị ala mgbe nke olùlù-akpọ ala. The n'akụkụ na-ebupụta dị ka landforms na-ulo-ikwū-, na akara nke mmakọ na gbara ya gburugburu ebe - brow.
3. ridges. Ọ bụghị ihe ọ bụla ma a ugwu, agbatị na ihe ọ bụla direction, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata n'ịdị elu. All àmà abụọ mkpọda, nke jikọrọ ọnụ na n'elu, akpụ a akara nke Watershed.
4. Dell. Dị otú ahụ landforms abụghị ridges. Ha na-elongated, mgbe niile na idobe recesses nke na-emeghe otu njedebe. Dell nwere ihe abụọ ramp ejikọta ndị Watershed akara, na-agba ọsọ, tinyere ala nke a ọzụzụ. Otu ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ a ụdị nwere ike ije ozi na ndagwurugwu na gully. Ke akpa idaha anyị nwere ike na-ekwu okwu nke a sara mbara oghere, nwere ewepụghị, turf-kpuchie mkpọda. Gully bụ fundamentally dị iche iche si dị otú ahụ a guzobere. Ọ bụ a warara ndagwurugwu, nke mkpọda bụ nkpoda na enweghị turf.
5. sadulu. Ebe a na-amalite na zones jikota skates na-edina n'etiti abụọ n'akụkụ ugwu. Mgbe ụfọdụ sadulu emi odude na saịtị nke mmakọ mmiri na ridges. On ya n'ókèala, dị ka a na-achị, ndị mmadụ na-na-emeghere hiking ụzọ ụkwụ ma ọ bụ okporo ụzọ, na-akpọ ha na-aga. Site sadulu ịgbatị na-abụghị ntụziaka hazel.

All nke n'elu ụdị enyemaka bụ isi.

agụmakwụkwọ Ụzọ

The n'elu enyemaka - a iche iche convex ma ọ bụ concave ụfọdụ, nke a pụrụ hụrụ ihe n'ala. N'ụdị ya ịdị iche na size na mbido. N'ihi ya, nile dị na mbara ụwa anyị mkpumkpu teren nke mega, Micro, meso na nano-efe. Ọzọkwa, ha guzobere nwere ike mere site na mmiri-erosive ma ọ bụ mgbawa ugwu, ice ma ọ bụ karst, tectonic ma ọ bụ aeolian Filiks. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị a ụzọ bụ otu ụdị nke ije nke ike na n'agbanyeghị na ogbu ma ọ bụ elu nke jikọrọ ọnụ.

Iche enyemaka na-akpụ usoro

All ihe na-emetụta guzobe elu nke mbara ala anyị, na-ekewa n'ime endogenous na exogenous. N'agbanyeghị iche, ha na-mgbe ọnụ. Otú ọ dị, na-agbasokarị ọrụ nke otu onye n'ime ha na-adabere na e ji mara ndị enyemaka n'ebe ụfọdụ.

Banyere exogenous ihe, ha mgbe niile ime na elu nke Earth. Mkpuchi nke ndị dị otú ahụ Filiks - na uppermost akụkụ nke ala. Nke a enyemaka guzobere ihe ndị dị ka ozize na weathering, abrasion na denudation, mmetụta nke kpụkọrọ na t. D. Na-eme a mmetụta yiri mkpa ọrụ nke ntule, ike ndọda, na mmetụta nke anyanwụ radieshon ike. Exogenous adotara na elu oyi akwa nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ na-etolite, dị ka a na-achị, meso- na microforms n'elu. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ha na-adịghị mkpa mmetụta na geological Ọdịdị nke ahụ planet.

Large landforms na-guzobere n'ihi nke n'ebe endogenous ihe. Ya n'ibu-ewere ọnọdụ na ngiri-afọ-nke ụwa, nke na-akpata na-ndọda ike na esịtidem ike. Isi landforms ibili ruru ụfọdụ ihe ịda dị ka a n'ihi nke adiana nke ụwa anyị. Olee otú pụrụ igosipụta endogenous Filiks? Ọnụnọ ha na-atụ aro ka anyị na-eme nke apịtị agbọpụta ọkụ, magmatism, tectonic mmegharị, na na. D. Ma ndị a niile ihe mgbaàmà na-kpatara mmetụta nke kwes ike nke mbara ala n'ihi redioaktivu ire ere aa na uwe-nwuda. Ọ bụ uru na-ekwu na endogenous Filiks nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ kewara abụọ ụdị - na Oceanic na continental.
Mmetụta nke esịtidem okpomọkụ na-akpata ije nke lithosphere. Nke a budata agbanwe enyemaka map. Kpụrụ mmejọ na folds, ugwu nta na Ikuku nke elu oyi akwa nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ.

Gịnị bụ ihe atụ nke enyemaka kpụrụ site n'oru nke endogenous Filiks? Mbụ niile, ọ bụ mmejọ nke Ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ. Ha dị iche na size na udi, nakwa dị ka oge nke guzobere. N'ala ala nke ndị a mmejọ - a nnukwu ngọngọ nke na-enwe kehoraizin na vetikal ngafe. Ọtụtụ mgbe kọwaa ihe ndekọ nke kọntinent. Large nkanka nke Ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ na-n'ụzọ nkịtị jupụtara na obere mmejọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ bụ osimiri na ndagwurugwu, ugwu nta na larịị. Na niile nke ndị a iche-iche, dị ka a na-achị, ka a n'oge a vetikal ije na ma direction. N'ihi ya, Upland, nke mere ndokwa Kurskaia, Voronezh Belgorodskaia region na nwere a mgbe nile na-ebuli ọsọ nke 4 6 millimeters kwa afọ. Ma Oka-Don di ala ala, na Kama nke ahụ, na-omitted. Ọnụego nke usoro a ana 2 mm. Ọ ga-kwuru na ọdịdị ala na geology nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ nwere njikọ chiri anya. Ancient mmegharị nke mbara ala anyị nkanka na-egosi na ọdịdị nke omume ịbụ na ha nkume.

Ka ụbọchị, otu n'ime ihe na-emetụta ndị mgbanwe elu, bụ ụmụ mmadụ na aku na uba na-arụ ọrụ. E nwere a kpọmkwem mmetụta na ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ n'oge na Ngwuputa, n'oge na-ewu, nakwa dị ka na mmepe nke ubi maka cultivation nke ugbo ngwaahịa.

ifufe edinam

Ikpughe na ikuku uka eruba na gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ubiquitous. ifufe na enyemaka-arụ ọrụ bụ a na-akpata nwere a karịsịa nnukwu mmetụta na n'ókèala aja desat. Dị iche iche n'ụwa elu roughness na nke a na-ewere ọnọdụ na njikọ na ọrụ nke deflation usoro. Nke a fụrụ opi nke ájá uka.

Ọzọkwa, ha nyefe emee na n'ihu deposition (ìgwè). Ndị landforms na guzobere n'ihi nke ifufe, na-akpọ aeolian. Ma nke a abụghị ihe ijuanya, ka Aeolus - aha nke Gris oge ochie chi nke ifufe. Gịnị bụ mmalite nke ụdị teren? Ọ na-kpụrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke ndị na-esonụ usoro:
- deflation - rụrụ ala fụrụ opi;
- corrosion - egweri ma na-egweri sawmills;
- nyefe nke ala ikuku iyi;
- ìgwè nke ihe.

Ifufe ọsọ na-na metụtara nyefe nke ala ahụ, emi odude ke ụwa elu. N'ihi ya, mgbe ikuku uka eruba n'ihi na otu onye nke abụọ na a anya nke 4,5-6,7 mita nwere ike ime ka 0,25 mm ájá. Na elu gbapụrụ ọsọ (11,4-13 m / s), ego nwere ike ịbụ ruo 1.5 mm.

Fọm deflationary enyemaka

Filiks ịfụ rụrụ ala mgbe erukwa na arable ala nye n'aka ala oru ubi. Gịnị mere e guzobere aeolian landforms na nke a? Deflation usoro bụ n'ihi na ọnwụ nke Ọdịdị na humus mmiri ịkọ n'ihi na a ogologo oge. Ala amalite ngwa ngwa fụrụ, n'ókè nke a onu iru 125 ise kwa hectare. Deflation Filiks na-ewere ọnọdụ na Russian Central Black Earth mpaghara. Ihe atụ, na 1967 n'ebe ndịda nke Voronezh region dajụọ ájá oké ifufe bibie banyere 60 ise kwa hectare ala.

Description of enyemaka ebe nke na-ezughị ezu ofu site ahịhịa, bụ eri oké nri nke deflation efere na ihe bụ n'etiti partitions. Nke a na-akpọ cellular odida obodo nke ájá kpụrụ ikuku pụta nwetụ ntụziaka na oge ufodu deflation nke ala ahụ. Mgbe ẹkama ifufe efere ibu mpekere onwa ekara na nwere ihe ụfọdụ na nghazi. Ha na-akpọ ka ndị a: oghere N'ezie aeolian omume. The kasị dị iche-iche na-ruo iri asaa mita omimi. Ha na-emekarị hụrụ na Arabia, ebe ha na-akpọ fuldzhi.

Bụla corrosive enyemaka

Portable uka nke ájá fụọ mgbe Mike na Mike n'elu n'ígwé nke nkume, nke na-hụrụ na ụzọ nke ha ije. Na nke a, e guzobere:
- corrosive niches;
- "ogidi nkume";
- aeolian "nkume mushrooms".

Banyere corrosion niches, agụmakwụkwọ ha na-ewe ebe, dị ka a na-achị, na-adị mfe destructible nkume. Ha bụ ihe atụ, marls na sandstones. Ọ bụrụ na omume rụrụ rock kpuchie a oké, mgbe ahụ, e nwere guzobe "nkume mushrooms" ma ọ bụ "ogidi nkume". Ọ bụ ihe ịtụnanya na ya mara mma landforms. Ha nwere ike yiri okporo osisi, ụlọ nche na fungi.

Olee otú ọ kpụrụ a eke na-eche? Air uka je na ya obere iyi nke weathering ngwaahịa, nakwa dị ka efegharị ìgwè rụrụ ihe onwunwe. Large na akporo pụta nke ájá na kọntaktị na oké nkume. Na nke a ala ahụ na-eme ka ihe abrasive ihe onwunwe. Ha Mike na Mike n'elu nkume. The N'ihi nke ndị dị otú ahụ na mmetụta na-anagide eolian ụdị dị ka ogidi dịkwa ka usoro ha.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, ifufe ahuwo Nnam na rụrụ ihe nke dum efere. Nke a oval ma ọ bụ gburugburu udi na-enwe ọtụtụ iri puku kwuru iri ka ọtụtụ narị mita gafee. Mgbe ụfọdụ deflation efere dị ka a kọrọ. Mgbe ahụ, ha na-akpọ yardang. Ndị a grooves na-emekarị kpụrụ tinyere okporo ụzọ ma ọ bụ akụkụ ndị ọzọ na elongated akụkụ.

accumulative forms

Ọ bụla nke ikuku uka eruba nwere ya ike, ike na saturation. The mbụ egosi na e ji mara na ego nke ájá na-ike-akpali a ifufe ike. Power kpebisiri ike site na ezigbo ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ala-ekesa ahụ. Na ihe bụ saturation nke ifufe? Nke a ike ruru na airflow ikike. N'ihi obere ụkpụrụ nke a oke ime deflation, na n'ihi na nnukwu - accumulative. Tụlee ihe nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha.

Gịnị mere e guzobere aeolian forms of accumulative ụdị efe? All otu ọrụ ifufe ụgbọ njem ájá ahụ. Mgbe n'ụzọ nke ndị dị otú ahụ a uka osobo Bush ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ mgbochi, mgbe ahụ, a mkpọmkpọ navevaniya. Dum n'ịkpa ájá kpamkpam na-ekpuchi osisi.

E nwere dị iche ihe atụ nke enyemaka kpụrụ ìgwè Filiks. Ma n'ụdị ya nile na-kewara abụọ na ụdị:
- longitudinal;
- cross.

Site longitudinal forms gụnyere ájá ridges, nke a na-akpọ ndị ridged omume. Ha guzobere bụ n'ihi na ihe nke ifufe na a mgbe nile na-direction. Usoro a na-eme na-afụ ájá si nisin na n'otu oge ntọhapụ ya n'ime kpụrụ na elevations ma ọ bụ ridges. N'out oge, e nwere a ije nke ala ahụ n'ebe ifufe mmegharị tinyere riiji, si otú amụba a na-aga n'ihu ụdị.

N'etiti transverse accumulative eolian formations bụ dunes, na yinye barkhan dunes. Ka anyị tụlee ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu.

dunes

Na desat mgbe hụrụ ugwu mpekere onwa udi, n'elu nke na-kwuru na-eduzi kwupụta kpagburuibe mmetụta nke ikuku pụta. Nke a bụ dunes. Gịnị mere e guzobere aeolian landforms nke ụdị? All otu ọrụ nke ifufe. Dunes nwere akpàràkpà mkpọda. Ya ewepụghị n'akụkụ na ihu na Windward n'akụkụ, na nkpoda - ka Leeward. Dunes - a mobile ụdị aja enyemaka. Ha ije bụ ngwa ngwa, ma otu ebe. N'oge afọ, ọ bụ 50-60 mita. Na Karakums a na-agba bụ nke ukwu elu. Ọ bụ 12 mita ke akpatre ọnwa.

Gịnị mere e guzobere aeolian landforms nke ụdị? N'ezie, ọrụ nke ugboro ugboro na oké ifufe. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ụfọdụ ihe ndị ọzọ n'okpuru nduzi nke nke e nwere dunes. Ndị a gụnyere:
- a obere ego nke ọdịda;
- arụsi ọrụ ike anụ ahụ weathering ala nkume;
- a obere nọmba ma ọ bụ ngụkọta nke adịghị ahịhịa.

kpụrụ a yiri enyemaka na ọnọdụ ọ bụla? Desert ihu igwe, ebe okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ latitudes bụ nnọọ eme ka ntoputa nke dunes. The elu nke ájá formations, dị ka a na-achị, bụ ihe karịrị asatọ mita. Ma ụfọdụ n'ime ndị kasị ọtụtụ nke nwere ike na-ebili 40 m.

barkhan yinye

Nke a aeolian landforms na-ebili n'elu n'elu ụwa mmadụ ridges. Ha na-anọchi anya ọtụtụ gwakọtara dunes. Description of enyemaka nke ụdị mgbe nwere ihe na-egosi nke ọnụnọ nke ihe ịrịba ama nke ripples, bụ nke dị na Windward mkpọda. Ndị a bụ obere, yiri eduzi ájá rollers, onye idi-elu-bụ na nso nke 2-5 cm. Ọdịdị nke ihe ịrịba ama nke ripples mere site vibration nke ikuku uka.

dunes

Na ndị na-abụghị ebe okpomọkụ desat bụ mgbe o kwere omume na-edebe guzobere transverse aeolian iche-iche. Ọ dunes. N'okpuru ihe nke ifufe nwere ike na-ndị dị otú ahụ formations na longitudinal ele. Mgbe ụfọdụ dunes yiri ọdịdị ya dunes uche. Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ dị iche, na "mpi" nke ndị dị otú formations eduzi megide ifufe. Na ndepụta contours ka dunes akpọ parabolic.

Olee ihe ọzọ na-aeolian landforms? Ndị a gụnyere ndị dunes na-nādabere na pyramidal. Yiri formations bụ ndị kasị ukwuu nke Aeolian. Ha nwere ike hụrụ na Central Asia na Sahara. Pyramidal dunes na-guzobere mgbe ifufe ịfụ dị iche iche ntụziaka. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị a iche-iche iru a elu nke 150 mita. Nādabere megide dunes ii nso ugwu. Nke a bụ a pụrụ iche aja nzọ ụkwụ, mmụọ nsọ site ikuku pụta na nrida. Nādabere megide dunes emekarị nwere a elu nke 200 m.

Ọzọ aeolian agụmakwụkwọ

Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị agagharị nke ala ahụ ókè ahịhịa, emi odude na ókèala ha nkesa. Ya mere, na ọnụnọ nke obere fauna n'ígwé ii ugwu ugwu omume. Na aja ndagwurugwu na na n'ụsọ oké osimiri e nwere Kuchugury. Nke a na-akpọ cumulus omume.

Na ókèala nke kpọrọ nkụ mba agbasa bụghị naanị ájá, ma nkume na ụrọ desat. Ebe i nwere ike na-edebe ihe e guzobere dị iche iche nke deflation. N'ihi ya, projections nke nkume na nkume desat na-emekarị kpuchie a na-akpọ desert ghọọ. Ọ bụ a na-ghar jikọrọ ọnụ kpụrụ dị ka a n'ihi nke capillary ịbịaru nkume saline ngwọta. Yikarịrị aka na usoro a na Micro-ntule, na-etinye uche hydroxides na oxides ígwè, manganese na ndị ọzọ ọcha.

N'elu ụrọ desat bụ loess ìgwè. Ọ bụ ya mere enyemaka na mpaghara ebe a na-mere nke mechiri emechi na-emighị emi Ikuku na ewepụghị ike. Takyrs oku dị otú ahụ guzobere. Ha n'elu kpuchie mudcake, nke abahade ihe dum na netwọk nke cracks. Na obere mmiri takyrs accumulates na mmiri, akara oyi akwa nke elu.

Maka enyemaka nke ebe ndị dị n'oké osimiri, e nwekwara drainage depressions. Mmiri mmiri ozuzo nke anakọtara na ha enweghị ụzọ ọ bụla. Yiri cavities nwere ike ịgbatị ruo ọtụtụ narị kilomita, na-eru a omimi nke 200 m. Dị otú ahụ formations nwere ike hụrụ na ndị Libyan desert. Ọ bụ oghere nke Kattar, akara aka ya dị ntakịrị 134 m. Mgbe e guzobere ụdị dị iche iche, ọ bụghị nanị ifufe na-ewepu. A na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa ebe a na ọnọdụ ndị a na-ahụ maka ọdịdị dị na mbara igwe. N'ebe ụfọdụ, a na-eli ịda mbà n'obi n'okpuru ájá ájá.

Ọ bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na ndị na-eji ejiji na-emewanyewanye ihe mgbe nile. Nke a bụ eziokwu ahụ bụ na ifufe na-ebibi ma na-efesa ụrọ n'elu ala ha. Ụdị ntụgharị dị otú ahụ na-eduga ná nhazi nke dunes sandy clayey. Ụdị dị iche iche nwere ike ịchọta n'ókèala Mexico.

Ebe odida mpaghara mpaghara na mpaghara ebe okpomọkụ na-achọ ndị fọdụrụ ma ọ bụ n'àgwàetiti agwaetiti, nakwa na mbara ala ịta ahụhụ. A na-etolite ụdị ndị a n'okpuru ọnọdụ ihu igwe ndị ọzọ, ma ka na-ahụkarị maka ọzara.

N'enyemaka n'Ebe Etiti Eshia, e nwere ebe dị iche iche na-adịghị mma na-emegharị, na-eme ka mgbagwoju anya site na tebụl na ala. Ndị a bụ ugwu ugwu nke nwere ugwu dị elu ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ gbagoo. Ụdị ndị yiri ya na Central Eshia ka a na-akpọ ntụrụndụ. Ogoro ha nwere ike ịmalite site na mmiri nke mmiri mmiri na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, mgbe ahụ, e kenyere ọrụ bụ isi nke nkedo nke arụ ọrụ nke ifufe.