Gịnị bụ eriri? Na ụdị na malite

The mbụ echiche nke ihe eriri, anyị na-azụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ usoro ndu uru. Na a sara mbara uche, na-ekwupụta ihe general ọdịdị na-akwanyere ndị akpan akpan, a echiche bụ na klas nke ihe esịnede filaments ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ.

Akwara eriri - bụ a bughi unit nke muscle anụ ahụ, nke bụ a multi-isi cell, nke bụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ ahụ nwere ike ịbụ nke osisi, ụmụ anụmanụ, ịnweta ma ọ bụ bụghị.

Sitere Old Slavonic

The si malite okwu "eriri" jikọọ na Old Slavonic "vlakno". Nke a na okwu dị n'oge a Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, Serbian. Na a nta phonetic dị iche na ndị dị na Polish - wlOkno. E nwere a yiri echiche oge ochie Indian: valkas, nke pụtara "n'ụgbụgbọ".

Na Russian asụsụ na lexical unit agbanweela a n'ihi nke udaume: OLO-LA. Ebe ọ bụ na "eriri" - a dictionary okwu, ya mkpoputa icheta.

Iji nweta ihe echiche nke ihe eriri dị ka ihe nhazi ọkwa, a Ilerukwu echiche ha.

Cotton na bast

Fibers nke akwukwo nri si na-agụnye owu na bast. Thin owu eri ntekwasa na owu osisi. Ha na-agụnye tumadi (94%) nke cellulose, ndị fọdụrụnụ na-mmiri, pectin, ọdụdụ, waxy, ash bekee (ịnweta nri ọcha e si ala site na osisi).

Iji ghọta ihe bụ na mbido nke owu eriri, ọ bụ ike, na-atụle ha n'okpuru a mikroskopu. Anyị ga-ahụ a ewepụghị coiled rịbọn na tubules jupụtara na ikuku.

Ndị a yarns bụ hygroscopic, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ọgwụ, nwere nnukwu anwụ ngwa ngwa na-akwanyere alkalis. Ọ bụrụ na ndị owu na-esure, ọ smelled nke àjà-nsure akwụkwọ.

Na-adịghị mma àgwà ndị ala ekwedo na akwusighi na asịd.

Bast esiwọrọ enwetara site na flax azuokokoosisi. Ha na-elongated n'ogologo mkpụrụ ndụ na kapịrị ọnụ nsọtụ. Na cross-ngalaba nwere udi nke a Pentagon. A ukwuu pasent mejupụtara - cellulose (80%) na ndị fọdụrụ percentages ada abụba, agba?, Waxy ịnweta adịghị na lignin. Ọnụnọ nke lignin-enye ụba ike. The akwa kwes conductivity na-eme ka ákwà ọcha bụ mgbe jụụ na aka.

Fibers sitere n'anụmanụ

Ewu, aturu, camel, na ndị ọzọ na ntutu isi na eke silk emep uta eri na-na ụmụ anụmanụ, esịnede atọ n'ígwé: ná mpụta flake, bụ isi cortical oyi akwa na isi, bụ nke dị na etiti nke filament.

E nwere 4 ụdị ajị emep uta eri:

• crimped mkpa - efu;
• n'etiti ntutu - a cross n'etiti a spain na ala;
• ike ike na obere crimped - spain;
• mkpụmkpụ-kenkuwa eriri - nwụrụ anwụ ntutu.

Dabere na ụdị na iche iche nke na eri iche ajị anụ na mkpa, nke a na-eji na-eme elu àgwà ajị ngwaahịa, ka ntụ, eji na-eme ákwà ma chere. Ajị anụ bụ ike idowe okpomọkụ na bụ hygroscopic. Mgbe ọ na-egosi na-ere isi nke àjà-nsure-feathers.

Ihe kacha eke emep uta eri - silk. Enweta ya si akwuru nke silkworm caterpillars.

Abụọ na-edozi - fibroin na sericin - bụ akụkụ nke akwuru na eri. Natural silk pụta ụwa softness, ire ụtọ, elu hygroscopicity, ala creasing. Ọghọm ndị dị elu kpara akpa yarn shrinkage na ala okpomọkụ na-eguzogide. Silk bụ a bara uru akụrụngwa n'ihi na imewe nke ìhè n'oge okpomọkụ uwe.

sịntetik yarn

Gịnị bụ eriri sịntetik si malite, a pụrụ ịghọta site n'inyocha ha ọdịdị. Ha na-emepụta site chemical njikọ si monomers, i.e. ala molekụla ibu bekee. Nke a na-arụpụta sịntetik Polymers. The akụrụngwa n'ihi naịlọn, Dacron, acrylic, crimplene, silk acetate bụ ngwaahịa na nhazi nke coal, mmanụ na gas. A eriri yarns enweta elu ike, ala shrinkage na wrinkling Otú ọ dị, adịghị hygroscopic.

A dịgasị iche iche nke polima Njirimara, ekwe omume ịdị iche iche ha, nakwa dị ka nnweta nke ngwaọrụ bụ ịkpali maka mmepe nke eri ndị mmepụta.

chemical esiwọrọ

Ha na-enwetara site na nhazi ndị dị otú ahụ sịntetik bekee ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka polyamides, polyesters na eke ihe: cellulose, ndi na-edozi, casein, na ndị ọzọ. The akụrụngwa n'ihi ndị a emep uta eri na-owu n'efu, dị iche iche ọla, iko, mmanụ na ngwaahịa, coal.

Rayon bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ emep uta eri nke chemical si, natara ọnụ ọgụgụ ulo oru mmepụta. Ọ na-enwetara site n'imeso osisi pulp na ọgwụ.

Otu n'ime ndị isi na ọghọm nke viscose eriri bụ a elu creasing. Iji belata a quality ọ na-doro a chemical mgbanwe. N'ihi bụ a polynosic eriri, yiri ogologo staple owu.