Hydrofluoric acid

Hydrofluoric acid a na-emepụta na ụdị a 40% ngwọta, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere 50% ma ọ bụ 72% ngwọta. Ma ọ na-akpọ a hydrofluoric acid ma ọ bụ okenye hydrogen Fluoride. Ya aha e hiwere site fluorspar, si nke, n'aka, na-hydrogen Fluoride.

Hydrofluoric acid - ya usoro HF. Anya, ọ bụ a colorless mmiri mmiri, nwere a molekụla arọ nke 20,0063 g / mol na a njupụta - 1,15 g / cm³. Ọ e ji okpomọkụ: agbaze - 83,6 ° C, esi - 19,5 Celsius C. Ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị flammable na ukwuu na-egbu egbu.

Olee ihe nwere hydrofluoric acid? The usoro nke ihe a na-atụ aro na-agụnye fluorine na hydrogen na ya Ọdịdị. Ọ bụ nke klas nke abụọ nke ihe ize ndụ, dị ka a kpụrụ na dissociation nke fluorine bụ na-egbu egbu na ize ndụ anyị na gburugburu ebe obibi.

N'elu mgbasa nke acid na mmiri ke ichekwa okpomọkụ bụ 59,1 King James Version / mol. Ọ mkpatụ na ọtụtụ ọla, si otú akpụ fluorides. -Akpali bụ eziokwu na ọbụna a obere akụkụ nke a acid bụ ike nke na ẹsụhọde kefriza ebe mmiri ọkọlọtọ. Na ala okpomọkụ hydrogen Fluoride ndị na-esonụ ogige na mmiri H2O · HF, H2O na H2O · 2HF · 4HF.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị hydrofluoric acid bụ nke na-ajụ ike asịd, ọ corrodes na silicate iko akpa. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ naanị otu onye n'ime ya na klas àkù nke mkpatụ na sịlịkọn oxide SiO (2). Nke a oxide, n'aka nke ya, bụ isi ihe na-eji maka iko mmepụta. Hydrofluoric acid enweghị mmetụta na wax, n'ihi ya, ọ na ọtụtụ-eji maka ya nchekwa. N'oge ugbu a na ọ na-ebu na echekwara na na plastic ngwugwu, ma ọ bụ ka nke roba na-edu ndú containers. High ịta (60%) acid nwere ike ebu na ike containers ka ígwè.

Ọla, nke na-adịghị soluble n'ime ya, ọ na-edu, platinum na gold. Nka na ụzụ hydrofluoric acid nwere ọtụtụ adịghị, otu nke kasị nkịtị na-ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka Fe, Rb, dị ka, na N2SiF6, SO2. Good ihicha acid na-enwetara site n'ịtụgharị ya potassium difluoride. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-akadiahade na etisasịwo site na kpo oku na hydrogen Fluoride n'ime mmiri.

Mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na laboratories na-eji arịa containers nke polyethylene na PTFE, na nnukwu mpịakọta nke hydrofluoric acid echekwara na ígwè, uko, hermetically mechiri emechi tankị, na tankị ma ọ bụ cylinders amonia ụdị, nke a chọrọ ka a na-echebe agba? Dị.

Hydrofluoric acid bụ ize ndụ ụmụ mmadụ ike. O nwere a na-adịghị ike narcotic utịp ke psyche. Ọ bụrụ na n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ ọ nwetara n'ime ọbara, na nke a iji zere oké nsi na a mgbanwe ke ọrụ nke digestive usoro na akpa ume edema. Ọbụna hydrofluoric acid nwere ike akpaghasị obi ọrụ na izugbe mmenaanya nke organism.

Na kọntaktị na akpụkpọ ma ọ bụ na anya, ọ na-akpata na-egbu mgbu Burns ọbụna na ala kasịnụ. Karịsịa wetara esi nke acid penetration site mbọ, ka na-arụ ọrụ na ya na mkpa ka na-eyi uwe na a ọma gbatia.

Ọ bụrụ na o sina dị, na akpụkpọ nwetara acid, mgbe ngwa ngwa itucha ya na-agba ọsọ na mmiri na-emeso na 2.5% calcium gluconate ka a jel. Ma, nke ahụ enweghị ike ịkwụsị, ị kwesịrị ịkpọ dọkịta gị ozugbo. Ọ ga-eme ihe igba ogwu n'akwara ntụtụ calcium chloride.

Ebe a na-eji nke a dị ize ndụ acid? Ugbu a, ọ na-arụsi ọrụ eji na nkume odida nke silicate igbari ọla dị ka niobium, tantalum na zirconium. Ọ na-eme dị ka a mkpali maka hydrogenation na dehydrogenation, nakwa dị ka ke imewe nke fluoropolymers, freons na fluorosulfonic acid. Ọ hụrụ ya ngwa ke mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ nọ na-emeso ya na mmanụ iyi aka mmanụ mmepụta.