Ice njem Kornilov agha. Ice March nke Volunteer Army

The revolutionary ihe mere na Russia site na February ka October 1917, ọ fọrọ nke nta ebibi oké alaeze na ada ka swagger nke Civil War. Ịhụ ụdị a siri ike ọnọdụ na mba, nke foduru nke eze agha kpebiri ikpokọta mgbalị ha iji weghachi pụrụ ịdabere ike iji mepụta agha edinam bụghị naanị megide Bolsheviks, kamakwa iji chebe motherland megide encroachments mpụga ocho okwu.

Guzobe nke Volunteer Army

Merging-abụkarị ihe na-adabere na-akpọ Alexis nzukọ, na-amalite ọrụ nke dara n'ụbọchị mbata nke n'ozuzu. Ọ bụ na ya nsọpụrụ na a mmekota na aha ya bụ. Nke a ihe mere na Novocherkassk 2 (15) November 1917

Izu isii mgbe e mesịrị, na December nke otu afọ, a nzukọ pụrụ iche e anakọtara. Ọ e gara site nnọchiteanya nke Moscow gawa site ọchịagha. Na kachasi mkpa, ajụjụ na nkesa ọrụ na management nke agha n'etiti Kornilov na Alekseev. N'ihi ya, e kpebiri full agha ike ruo si akpa ọchịagha. Formation nke akụkụ na-eme ka ha zuru ọgụ readiness e kenyere na General Staff, gawa site Lieutenant-General S. L. Markov.

Na Christmas oge ndị agha mara ọkwa iji iso iwu nke ndị agha General Kornilov. Site na oge ya na eze bịara mara dị ka afọ ofufo.

Ọnọdụ na Don

Ọ bụ mba na nzuzo na ahụ e guzobere ọhụrụ Army nke General Kornilov mkpa ngwa ngwa na-akwado Don Cossacks. Ma, ọ dịghị mgbe natara. Ọzọkwa, Bolsheviks malitere mpikota mgbanaka gburugburu obodo Rostov na Novocherkassk, na Volunteer Army e jighị ọsọ n'ime ya, na-arịọsi ike iguzogide na-ata ahụhụ nnukwu losses. Enwekwaghị nkwado nke Don Cossacks, Ọchịagha ndị agha nke General Kornilov, 9 (22) On February Don kpebiri ịhapụ na-aga obodo nta Olginskaya. Si otú malitere na Ice March 1918.

The hapụrụ Rostov ọtụtụ uniforms, mgbọ égbè na shells, nakwa dị ka ọgwụ na ahụ ike na-echekwa na-arụ ọrụ - niile na otú ọ dị mkpa obere agha ekpemede eru nso n'obodo. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na mgbe ọ bụla Alekseev ma Kornilov erubeghị malitere na-amanye nchikota ndi mmadu di na siizi onwunwe.

obodo Olginskaya

Ice March nke Volunteer Army malitere ya reorganization. Rutere n'obodo nta Olginskaya, ndị agha e kewara 3 bipu ndi agha: agha okpuru, Kornilov ujo na pivot-mara. A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo ekpe obodo na kwagara n'ebe Ekaterinodar. Ọ bụ nke mbụ Kuban Ice mkpọsa, nke weere ọnọdụ site na Chomutov, Kagalnitskaya na Egorlykskaya obodo. Army nkenke banyere ókèala ndị Stavropol anāchi achi, na mgbe re-banye Kuban mpaghara. N'oge ya ụzọ ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ mgbe niile ikpe nke njikere clashes na Red Army. Nke nta nke nta Kornilovites n'ohu thinned, kwa ụbọchị, ha ghọrọ na na na naa.

atụghị anya ozi ọma

1 (14) On March na Red Army nọ Ekaterinodar. The ụbọchị tupu, Colonel VLPokrovsky na ndị agha ya hapụrụ obodo ahụ, nke a na-nnọọ siere ama kama ike ọnọdụ nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo. Asịrị na Reds nwere Ekaterinodar ka Kornilov bịara n'echi, mgbe ndị agha ndị na-Bi ọdụ, ma ha itinye ihe dị mkpa. Mgbe 2 ụbọchị n'ime obodo Korenovskaya nke were afọ ofufo dị ka a N'ihi nke a di ọku ibu agha, ha hụrụ otu n'ime ụlọ nke Soviet akwụkwọ akụkọ. E nwere, ọ kọrọ na ndị Bolsheviks n'ezie were Ekaterinodar.

Natara ozi ọma kpamkpam devalued Kuban Ice mkpọsa, n'oge nke ihe ọ bụla a kwụọ ọtụtụ narị mmadụ. General Kornilov kpebiri na ya agaghị na-edu ndị agha ya ka Ekaterinodar na atụgharị n'ebe ndịda na-agafe Kuban. O zubere ka ha zuru ike agha ya na Circassian obodo Cossack ugwu obodo nta na a obere anwu. Mkpebi a Kornilov, Denikin akpọ "a na-egbu egbu ndudue" na, ya na Romanovsky gbalịrị gbanwee obi ndị agha ọchịagha nke a ego. Ma n'ozuzu unmoved.

jikọọ agha

N'abalị si 5 6 March Kornilov Army Ice mkpọsa nọgidere na a southerly direction. Mgbe 2 ụbọchị, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo gafere Elbe gaa Maikop, ma ya tụgharịa na na mpaghara ebe a, onye ọ bụla ugbo kwesịrị iwere na-alụ ọgụ. Ya mere, n'ozuzu inikiet inikiet n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, gafee osimiri White, bugara onye Circassian auls. Ebe a, o nwere olileanya bụghị nanị na-ezu ike-agha-ya, ma jikọọ na Kuban agha Pokrovsky.

Ma dị ka na-adịbeghị anya data na ije nke Volunteer Army agha bụ, ọ kwụsịrị na-anwa inwere site na Maikop. Basil kpebiri echigharịkwuru Kuban River na jikọọ na ndị agha Kornilov, onye ama jisiri ike gbapụ n'ebe ahụ. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a mgbagwoju anya, abụọ agha - Kuban na Volunteer - agbalị ịchọta onye ọ bụla ọzọ na random. N'ikpeazụ on March 11, ha na-achọta.

Village Novodmitrievskaya: Ice njem

Ọ bụ na March 1918. Emekpa kwa kilomita nke ngagharị mgbasa na agha ebelatawo ndị agha na-aga site a viscous black n'ụwa, dị ka ndị ihu igwe na mberede wee ọjọọ, ọ malitere ka mmiri. Ọ dochie site ntu oyi, ya mere, aza si na mmiri ozuzo agha uniforms aghọwo nkịtị ifriizi. Ke adianade do, sharply colder na ugwu na-ama esịn a ọtụtụ snow. The okpomọkụ ama esịn ka -20 ⁰S. Dị ka mgbe e mesịrị gwa ndị sonyere na-àmà nke ihe ndị ahụ, ndị e merụrụ ndị na-ebu on adọkpụ, mgbede nwere pụọ na bayonets kpụrụ ha gburugburu site a oké ice jikọrọ ọnụ.

M ga-asị na na elu ya niile, n'etiti March, e nwere ka a obi ọjọọ zutere gara na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ndị agha na obodo Novodmitrievskaya ebe karịsịa na-akwanyere ùgwù alụso Summary-isi nke ndi agha. Mgbe e mesịrị, n'okpuru isiokwu bụ "Ice March" malitere ịghọta nke a agha, nakwa dị ka ndị bu ụzọ na-eso ya na ikwu n'ụzọ kpuchie ice jikọrọ ọnụ steppe.

Ịbanye nkwekọrịta

Mgbe agha n'obodo nta bụ Novodmitrievskoy agha n'usoro, ndị Kuban ka chọrọ na-agụnye ya na Volunteer Army na ikike nke onwe ha ọgụ ike. Na mgbanwe, ha kwere nkwa na-eme ka replenishment na ọkọnọ agha. On ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ ozugbo o kwetara ka General Kornilov. Ice mkpọsa aka iso, na agha ike amụbawo ruo 6 puku. Man.

Volunteers kpebiri otu ugboro ọzọ na-aga ka isi obodo nke Kuban - Ekaterinodar. Mgbe mkpara ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na atụmatụ nke ọrụ, agha ịkpụgharị na zuru ike mgbe na-alụ ọgụ anya ọtụtụ ọgụ nke Bolsheviks.

Ekaterinodar

Ice njem Kornilov Army na-abịaru ná njedebe. March 27 (April 9) ọrụ afọ ofufo gafee osimiri. Kuban na ígwè oké ifufe Ekaterinodar. City gbachiteere 20000th agha red, nyere n'iwu site Sorokin na obodo kwụụrụ. Ịgbalị weghara Ekaterinodar okpu, Ọzọkwa, mgbe 4 ụbọchị n'ihi ọzọ n'obi random shei e gburu site General Kornilov. Ọrụ we Denikin.

M ga-asị na Volunteer Army agha zuru gburugburu ebe obibi na elu ọnọdụ ọtụtụ ugboro na Red Army agha. Loss now Denikin na ihe 4 narị gburu na 1.5 puku. Merụọ. Ma, n'agbanyeghị nke a, n'ozuzu ma jisiri ịdọrọ ndị agha si na gburugburu ebe obibi nke River Don.

April 29 (May 12) na remnants nke Denikin agha ya bịara n'ebe ndịda nke Don region n'ógbè Walk-Borisovka - Mechetinsky - Egorlytskaya, na-esote ụbọchị hiking Ice Kornilov, bụ onye mesịrị ghọọ a akụkọ nke White ije, e dechara.

Siberia mgbanwe

Na oyi 1920, n'okpuru mwakpo nke ndị iro malitere ichighaazu nke Eastern Front, nyere n'iwu site Admiral Kolchak. Ọ ga-kwuru na a na ime wee ebe, nakwa dị ka hiking Kornilov agha, n'okpuru ndị kasị sie ike ihu igwe na ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Equestrian ibugo onu ogologo banyere 2 puku. Km na-agba ọsọ n'okporo ụzọ nke Novonikolaevsk na Barnaul na Chita. Ọ na-akpọ "The Siberia Ice mkpọsa" n'etiti ndị agha nke White Army.

Nke a siri ike mgbanwe malitere November 14, 1919, mgbe nke White Army ekpe Omsk. Agha edu V. O. Kappelya gbaghachi azụ tinyere Trans-Siberia Railway, na-ebu merụọ echelons. N'ụzọ nkịtị na ikiri ụkwụ nke ha na-achụ ihe Red Army. Ọzọkwa, ọnọdụ a n'ihu mgbagwoju anya ọtụtụ riots, na-egbu maramara dị n'azụ, nakwa dị ka ọgụ site iche iche na òtù ndị omempụ na okpuru iche iche. Iji elu ya niile, na-jikọtara nwekwara lyutymi Siberia frosts.

Ezie na ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-achịkwa ndị Czechoslovak agha, otú General Kappel agha na-amanye na-ahapụ ụgbọala na-agafeta na sled. Mgbe ahụ, na White Army aghọwo a ibu na size snow convoy.

Mgbe ndị ọcha bịara Krasnoyarsk, obodo nupụrụ isi agha n'okpuru iwu nke Gen. Bronislaw Zinevych onye mere udo na Bolsheviks. Ọ Kappel ume ime otu ihe ahụ, ma e kweghị ya. Ná mmalite nke January 1920 wee ebe a ole na ole metụtara nkà mmụta, mgbe nke karịa 12 puku. Ọcha gaa gburugburu Krasnoyarsk, gafee osimiri Yenisei ma gaa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Odika otu nọmba nke ndi-agha họọrọ atọgbọ obodo agha.

Ịhapụ Krasnoyarsk, ndị agha, e kewara ogidi. First iwu K. Sakharov, onye agha na-eje ije n'okporo ụgbọ okporo ígwè tracks na Siberia okporo ụzọ. N'oghere nke abụọ wee na-azọ ije edu Ice Kappel. Ọ kwagara mbụ tinyere Yenisei River, na mgbe ahụ n'akụkụ osimiri Kan. Mgbanwe a bụ ndị kasị sie ike ma dị ize ndụ. The eziokwu na p. Kang kpuchie ya a oyi akwa nke snow, na n'okpuru ya-eru mmiri kefriza isi mmalite. Ma ọ bụ 35 degrees n'okpuru efu! Ndị agha nwere ịgagharị na ọchịchịrị na mgbe niile na-ada n'ime oghere na ice, kpam kpam-adịghị ahụ anya n'okpuru snow thicker. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha froze na nọgidere na-agha ụgha, na ndi fọduru nke ndi-agha ime na.

N'oge a mgbanwe, ya tụgharịa na General Kappel frostbitten ụkwụ ya, na-ada n'ime wormwood. Ọ wara maka N'ịdị bepụ ụkwụ e mere. Ke adianade do, site na hypothermia, ọ dara ọrịa na-oyi baa. Ke ufọt ufọt January 1920 White weghaara Kansk. Iri-na-n'ubọchi mbu nke ọnwa ahu, Kasị Elu Onye ọchịchị nke Russian Bolsheviks Kolchak Czechs agbala. Mgbe 2 ụbọchị, na-ama a na-anwụ anwụ general Kappel anakọtara ndụmọdụ nke Army Staff. E kpebiri na-Irkutsk oké mmiri ozuzo na ịtọhapụ Kolchak. January 26 Kappel nwụrụ ma Ice mkpọsa gawa site General Wojciechowski.

Ebe ọ bụ na nkwalite nke White Army na Irkutsk e dịtụ egbu oge ruru ka mgbe nile na-alụ ọgụ, o ji ihe nke Lenin, onye nyere iwu ka a gbaa Kolchak. Ọ na e gburu na 7 February. Ịmụta nke a, n'ozuzu jụrụ Wojciechowski nke ugbu a nzube Irkutsk wakpo. Mgbe ahụ, ndị agha ya gafere Baikal na na ojii. Mysovaya kwajuru niile merụọ, ndị ọrịa na ndị inyom na ụmụaka na ụgbọ okporo ígwè. The ndị ọzọ wee na ha Great Siberia Ice March ka Chita, nke bụ banyere narị isii kilomita. Ka ha wee banye n'ime obodo na mmalite nke March 1920.

Mgbe mgbanwe ahụ, General Wojciechowski guzosie ike a ọhụrụ award - "N'ihi na Great Siberia njem." Ha na-ọdịda ka niile so rụọ ya ọrụ na agha. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na a akụkọ ihe mere eme omume a afọ ole na ole gara aga n'ụzọ doro chetaara ndị òtù nke òtù egwú "Kalinov Bridge". "Ice March" - bụ aha ihe album kpamkpam raara onwe ya nye ka ichighaazu ndị agha Kolchak na Siberia.