Kirill m Mefody: nkenke biography, na-akpali eziokwu si biography, ihe e kere eke nke Slavic mkpụrụ okwu

Cyril na Methodius, onye biography na-ọ dịkarịa ala, na nkenke mara onye ọ bụla na-ekwu okwu Russian, bụ oké nkuzi. Ha mepụtara a set nke mkpụrụ akwụkwọ maka Slavic iche iche karịa nadigh anwu anwu aha ya.

Greek mbido

Ụmụnna abụọ ndị mbụ site n'obodo Thessaloniki. Na Slavic isi mmalite na-ochie omenala aha nke Solon. A mụrụ ha na a na ezinụlọ nke ọma mara onye jere ozi n'okpuru gọvanọ nke ógbè. Cyril mụrụ n'afọ 827 na Methodius - 815-m.

N'ihi na eziokwu na ndị Grik maara n'ụzọ zuru okè Slavic asụsụ, ndị nnyocha ụfọdụ na-agbalị iji gosi na conjecture banyere ha Slav. Otú ọ dị, iji mee ka ọ otú ọ dịghị onye na-emezughị. N'otu oge, ihe atụ na Bulgaria, ndị nkụzi na-ekwu Bulgarians (a na-eji mkpụrụ okwu Cyrillic).

Slavic asụsụ ndị ọkachamara

Asụsụ ihe ọmụma nke nējide onwe-Grik nwere ike kọwara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Thessalonica. Na ha oge obodo bụ asụsụ abụọ. E kee ndị obodo olumba nke Slavic asụsụ. Mbugharị nke ebo ruru ya ókè ebe ndịda, lie n'Oké Osimiri Aegean.

First Slav ndị ọgọ mmụọ na biri n'okpuru agbụrụ usoro, nakwa dị ka ndị agbata obi ha, ndị Germany. Otú ọ dị, ndị nọ n'èzí onye biri na ala nke Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium, daba orbit nke omenala mmetụta. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha kpụrụ a ógbè na Balkan, na-aghọ mercenaries achị Constantinople. Strong bụ ọnụnọ ha na Tesalonaịka, bụ ebe a mụrụ na Kirill m Mefody. Biography ụmụnna ibido wee ha n'ebe dịgasị iche.

Ụwa ọrụ ụmụnna

Methodius (n'ụwa aha-ya bu Michael) ghọrọ ndị agha na bilie ahụ n'usoro nke a ógbè strategist na Macedonia. O mere ya n'ihi na ha talent na ikike, nakwa dị ka patronage nke-akpa courtier Teoctist. Cyril si n'oge afọ ime sayensị, na-amụ omenala agbata obi mba. Ọbụna tupu o wee na Moravia, nke mere na ama ererimbot ama, Constantine (aha nkwa dị ka ndị mọnk) malitere ịsụgharị isi nke Gospel na Slavic asụsụ.

E wezụga mmụta asụsụ Cyril mụọ jiometrị, dialectics, som, astronomy, ihapu otutu okwu na nkà ihe ọmụma si kasị mma ọkachamara na Constantinople. Ruru ya magburu si malite, ọ pụrụ ịdabere na ihe oké ozu alụmdi na nwunye na obodo ọrụ ke elu echelons nke ike. Ma nwa okorobịa ahụ na-achọghị ndị dị otú ahụ a akara aka, na ghọrọ nche nke n'ọbá akwụkwọ na isi temple nke mba - Hagia Sophia. Ma ọbụna n'ebe ahụ ọ na-agaghị anọ ogologo, na n'oge na-adịghị wee malite izi na Moscow University. Ekele a amamiihe mmeri nkà ihe ọmụma arụmụka, ọ na-utu aha ọkà ihe ọmụma, nke mgbe ụfọdụ etịbe na historiographical isi mmalite.

Cyril maara eze ukwu, na ọbụna gara ọrụ e kenyere ya na Muslim caliph. Na 856, ya na a ìgwè ụmụ akwụkwọ rutere ebe obibi ndị mọnk na Lesser Olympus, ebe nwanne ya nwoke bụ abbot. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ Kirill m Mefody, onye biography ugbu a ejikọrọ na chọọchị, kpebiri ike mkpụrụ okwu maka ndị Slav.

Ịsụgharị Christian akwụkwọ n'ime Slavic

Na 862, mgbe Prince Rostislav nke Moravia rutere Constantinople. Ha nyere ndị na Emperor a ozi si na-achị ha. Rostislav jụrụ ndị Grik na-enye ya ndị gụrụ onye pụrụ izi Slavic Christian okwukwe na ha onwe ha asụsụ. a ebo baptism mere tupu nke a, ma ọ bụla ọrụ ẹkenịmde ke a mba ọzọ ire, nke bụ oké iru ala. The Onyeisi na Emperor tụlere arịrịọ ọ bụla ọzọ na kpebiri ịjụ Thessalonica ụmụnna gara Moravia.

Cyril, Methodius na ha na-amụrụ malitere na-arụ ọrụ. Asụsụ mbụ, nke e sụgharịa isi Christian akwụkwọ ghọrọ Bulgarian. Biography nke Cyril na Methodius, a nchịkọta nke bụ na onye ọ bụla Slavic akụkọ ihe mere eme akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, mara colossal ọrụ nke ụmụnna Psalter, Epistle na Gospel.

Ejegharị ejegharị na-Moravia

Nkwusa agakwuruwo Moravia, ebe ha bụ ndị atọ afọ ije ozi, na-akụziri ndị mmadụ ịgụ ihe na ide. Mgbalị ha nyekwaara na baptism nke Bulgarians, nke mere na afọ 864. Ha na-gara na Transcarpathia rus na Pannonia, nke tokwara okwukwe nke ndị Kraịst na Slavic asụsụ. Cyril na Methodius, a obere biography na-agụnye ọtụtụ ndị njem n'ebe nile na-ege ntị nke ọma chọta na-ege ntị.

Ọbụna Moravia ha nwere a megidere German nchụàjà ndị nọ n'ebe ahụ na a yiri ozi ozi. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ha bụ ekweghiekwe nke ndị Katọlik na-edu ofufe Slavonic asụsụ. N'ọnọdụ a nọ na-akwado site na Roman Church. Nke a na nzukọ na-ekwere na otuto nke Chineke nwere ike ịbụ naanị na asụsụ atọ: Latin, Grik na nke Hibru. Nke a na omenala ka e kee ọtụtụ narị afọ.

The oké ubahade n'etiti ndị Katọlik na Orthodox emebeghị, otú ahụ Pope ka nwere mmetụta na Greek-nchu-àjà. Ọ na-akpọ ụmụnna Italy. Ha na-chọrọ bịa Rome iji chebe ya n'ọkwá ya ma oblagorazumit Germany na Moravia.

Brothers na Rome

Cyril na Methodius, onye biography na-asọpụrụ ma ndị Katọlik, bịara Adrian II na 868. Ọ bịara a ikwere na ndi-Grik ma nye nkwenye ha na ndị Slav pụrụ iduga ofufe ha asụsụ. Morava (nna nna nke Czechs) baptizim na ndị bishọp nke Rom, otú chie n'okpuru ikike nke Pope.

Mgbe ke Italy, Constantine ghọrọ nnọọ ọrịa. Mgbe ọ chọpụtara na ọ na-aga ịnwụ, Greek were schema na natara mọnk aha nke Cyril, na onye ọ bịara mara na historiography na-ewu ewu na ebe nchekwa. Mgbe on n'ọnụ ọnwụ, ọ jụrụ ya nwoke ghara ịhapụ general ọrụ izi, na iji nọgide na-ejere ya ozi n'etiti ndị Slav.

Wee ekwusa Methodius

Kirill m Mefody, a obere biography na-inextricably wee na-asọpụrụ na Moravia n'ụbọchị ya. Mgbe nwanne azụ n'ebe ahụ, ọ bụ nnọọ mfe ịnọgide na-eme ha ọrụ karịa 8 afọ gara aga. N'oge na-adịghị, Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ gbanwere nke mba. Kpụrụ Prince Rostislav e meriri site Svyatopolk. Gọvanọ ọhụrụ a eduzi German patrons. Nke a mere ka a mgbanwe ke mejupụtara nke ndị nchụàjà. The Germany ọzọ malitere lobbying echiche nke Latin okwuchukwu. Ha ọbụna mere Methodius na ebe obibi ndị mọnk. Mgbe nke a ghọtara site Pope John nke Asatọ nke, ọ machibidoro ndị Germany na-eduzi ndị efe ofufe adịghị dị ka ogologo oge ha na-adịghị hapụ ekwusa.

Dị otú ahụ na-eguzogide ama ma okosobode Kirill m Mefody. Biography, ihe e kere eke nke Slavic mkpụrụ okwu , na ihe nile e jikọtara ya na ndu-ha, zuru nke dị ịrịba ama mere. N'afọ 874 Methodius e mesịrị tọhapụ, na otu ugboro ọzọ ghọrọ onye achịbishọp. Otú ọ dị, ugbua na Rome wezugara ya ikike ife ofufe n'ụlọ Moravian asụsụ. O sina dị, ndị na-ekwusa jụrụ irube isi a tricky N'ezie Catholic Church. Ọ malitere ikwusa ozi ọma ma na-eduzi nzuzo n'ememe nke Slavic asụsụ.

Adịbeghị anya mgbalị Methodius

Ya eyịre nọ abụghị n'efu. Mgbe ndị Germany ọzọ gbalịrị blacken ya n'anya nke Church, Methodius gara Rome na ekele ya ikike okwu bụ ike ịgbachitere ya ele ihe anya tupu pope. E nyere ya a pụrụ iche oké ehi, nke ọzọ kwere efe ofufe adịghị n'asụsụ obodo.

Slav ekele nkwụsi mgba busoro site Kirill m Mefody, a obere biography nke e gosipụtara ọbụna oge ochie akụkọ ifo. Obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya, nwanne laghachi Byzantium na Constantinople ẹkenịmde ke ọtụtụ afọ. Ikpeazụ ya oké ọrụ sụgharịrị n'ime Slavic "Old Testament", nke nyeere ya aka ikwesị ntụkwasị obi na-eso ụzọ. Enye ama akpa ke 885 na Moravia.

Pụtara ụmụnna ọrụ

Mkpụrụ Okwu kere ụmụnna emecha igbasa Serbia, Croatia, Bulgaria na Russia. Taa, Cyrillic mkpụrụ okwu na-eji niile Eastern Slav. Nke a Russian, Ukrainians na Belarusians. Biography nke Cyril na Methodius maka ụmụaka kụziri ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ná mba ndị a.

Na-akpali mmasị, mbụ mkpụrụ okwu kere ụmụnna, mechara ghọọ a Glagolitic na historiography. Ya ọzọ nhọrọ, a maara dị ka mkpụrụ okwu Cyrillic, pụtara a obere ka e mesịrị n'ihi ọrụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Enlightenment. Nke a na nkà mmụta sayensị arụmụka bụ ka mkpa. Ihe bụ nsogbu bụ na ọ bụghị extant oge ochie isi mmalite, nke nwere ike-abụ ọ na-ele ihe anya. Chepụtara na-wuru na na abụọ akwụkwọ na pụtara mgbe e mesịrị.

Otú ọ dị, onyinye nke ụmụnna na-esi ike overestimate. Kirill m Mefody, a obere biography nke a ga-mara bụla Slav, ọ bụghị nanị nye aka gbasaa Christianity, ma na-ewusi mba nsụhọ n'etiti ndị mmadụ. Ọzọkwa, ọbụna anya isi na Cyrillic mkpụrụ okwu e kere site ụmụ akwụkwọ nke ụmụnna, na ha ka na-dabeere na ha na-arụ ọrụ. Nke a bụ ìhè karịsịa na ikpe nke fonetiikisi. The oge a Cyrillic mkpụrụ okwu nakweere ọdịyo akụrụngwa na e dere ihe odide na ndidi chọrọ ndị nkwusa.

Na Western na Eastern Church na-aghọta mkpa nke na-eme ihe ndị na-Kirill m Mefody. Short biography maka nkụzi nke ụmụ e na a dịgasị iche iche nke izi Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Russian asụsụ.

Na mba anyị kemgbe 1991, na-ekwu na kwa afọ mba ezumike raara ụmụnna si Thessalonica. Ọ na-akpọ ndị Day nke Slavic Literature na Culture na-dị Belarus. Na Bulgaria, guzobere Order na aha ha. Kirill m Mefody, na-akpali eziokwu si biography nke na-bipụtara dị iche iche monographs, anọgidewo na-adọta uche nke ọhụrụ na-eme nnyocha asụsụ na ihe mere eme.