Louis XVI: a nkenke biography, ụmụaka

Korol Lyudovik XVI a mụrụ na Obí nke Versailles August 23, 1754. Ọ na-natara aha nke Duke nke Berry. Nna ya bụ ndị Dauphin (nketa prsetola) Louis Ferdinand, onye, n'aka nke ya, bụ nwa French King Louis XV.

nwata

Dị ka a nwa, na nwa nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ asaa. Ya nke-okenye nwanne ya bụ a namesake, bụ onye nwụrụ na afọ nke 9 na 1761. Mgbe Lyudovik ros na ndò ya, ndị mụrụ ya amaghị ya. -Atọ ya ụtọ nke ịchụ nta, bụ nke na-gara na-achị nna nna. Ozugbo 1765 site na ụkwara nta, nwụrụ nke nna-ya, na dauphin aha gafere na 11-afọ nwa. Malitere ya ngwa ngwa ọzụzụ iji kwadebe maka ocheeze ahụ, nke o ketara site n'aka nna nna ya bụ ugbu a.

nketa

Na 1770, ọdịnihu Louis XVI, onye dị afọ 15, lụrụ Marie Antoinette. Ọ bụ a na nwa nwanne nna nke Dauphin na nne-ya n'akụkụ, na bụ nwa nwanyị nke Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom nke Emperor Franz I. The French ọha meghachi omume na iro-nwunye, dị ka na-adịbeghị anya na mba abanyeworị njikọ aka na Austrian onyeeze na esuene mmeri na Seven Agha Afọ (1756 - 1763). Mgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị chịrị furu North America, na UK nkedo. Kpuwere a di na nwunye ruo ogologo oge nwere ike enweghị nwa, n'ihi na nke a ọbụna France e-agba akwụkwọ nta na-emetụta ndị ahụ ike isiokwu Louis. Otú ọ dị, site na 1778 ka 1786 amuru ụmụaka 4 (2 ụmụ 2 ndinyom).

The tọrọ nketa, ya agwa dị iche iche si dị ike nna nna. Nwa okoro bụ onye ihere, jụụ, obi umeala na-adịghị ha mma n'ime mgbe n'obí ya.

mgbanwe

Na 1774, Louis XV nwụrụ, ya na oche eze ọhụrụ e wuru - Louis XVI. Edidem kwenyere na echiche nke Enlightenment, n'ihi ihe ozugbo asuan ọtụtụ odious ozi na ndị ndụmọdụ nke ikpeazụ na-achị, nke dị iche reactionary. Karịsịa, si Court A chụpụrụ Madame du Barry, na chancelo, na na. E. The mmalite nke mgbanwe iji na ịjụ feudalism, na budata belata nke ndị eze entourage-akwụ ụgwọ. All mgbanwe ndị a nwere a arịrịọ nke French ọha mmadụ, nke chọrọ Civil Liberties na njedebe nke na-achị ndị ọchịchị.

Nnukwu nzaghachi natara mgbanwe na ubi nke ego. Comptroller General na nke a họpụtara Turgot, onye ike metụtara na mgbanwe na-eme n'ọdịnihu. Ọ chọrọ ka redistribute ụtụ isi, dịkwuo ụtụ isi na elu ọma na-agba nke ọha mmadụ. esịtidem omenala posts na-apụnara ahịa, bibie ihe egwuregwu na-kagburu. Na-ere nri bụ free, nke a na-nnọọ facilitated ịdị adị nke oru ugbo na klas nke nwere dịghị ihe ọzọ iji ndụ. Na 1774, obodo Parliaments, nke rụrụ ọrụ nke ọkàikpe na predstvitelnyh ozu e gbakee.

Conservative eguzogide

N'etiti ndị nkịtị, a niile echiche aghọta ịnụ ọkụ n'obi. Ma elu strata nke French otu guzogidere innovations butere site na Korol Lyudovik XVI. The ama na ndị ụkọchukwu na-achọghị ida ha onwe ha ùgwù. E nwere ndị chọrọ iji họrọ ọnọdụ nke Turgot, onye bụ isi n'ike mmụọ nsọ n'ihi mgbanwe. Louis XVI dị iche na-ejighị n'aka ọdịdị na, ya mere, furu efu na na ama. Turgot a gbasara, na ego malitere ogba aghara. The ọhụrụ ozi na oru nwere ike ime ihe ọ bụla na-na-agbasa agbasa oghere na mmefu ego, ma naanị iri ọhụrụ mgbazinye ego si lenders. Ji na-ejikọta ya na a ọnụ ke ego tax revenue. Ke adianade ahia na mba-enweghị ike ịga a ọhụrụ track ozugbo, nke mere na aku nsogbu na n'obodo nile, gụnyere ndị metụtara enweghị nri.

ikwere

Megide a ndabere, na 80th afọ nke Louis XVI na Mariya Antuanetta nọ na-agbalị awụgharị na a na-agbanwe agbanwe French ọha mmadụ. Anyị malitere mbụ ngosipụta nke counter-mgbanwe iji na-larịị oké mgbanwe ekpe mgbe Turgot.

posts nke ọrụ na ikpe ha ọzọ emechi nke atọ Estate. Nwenụ laghachi a ọnọdụ ebe ha na-akwụ ala ụtụ isi. All a mere ka ọgba aghara na ọha mmadụ. Nweghị afọ ojuju na niile a ma ama nke na-ejighị n'aka nke eze, ụmụ amaala nke siri ike ọnọdụ akụ na ụba, na ndị nkịtị site na ihe malitere mgbanwe na-anabataghị.

N'oge ahụ, France ama abuana ke Agha Independence, nke eketịbede na North America. Enupụ isi chịrị nwetara nkwado nke o nyere Louis XVI. The ọrụ imeda na UK chọrọ ịrụ na otu akụkụ na okpuru. Ọ bụ nnọọ ihe ọhụrụ n'ihi zuru eze, otu onye nke bụ ka Louis XVI. Brief biography nke eze na-ekwu na iwu nke eze mere enweghị afọ ojuju ya "ndị ọrụ ibe" - na Austrian-achị achị, Russia na na ..

N'otu oge ahụ ọtụtụ French ojii, ụfọdụ na-alụ ọgụ America, laghachi n'ụlọ dị iche iche ndị mmadụ. Ha bụ ndị ọbịa ochie ka nke n'ala nna, ebe feudalism ka meriri. Na oké osimiri, ha chere na ndị dị otú a nnwere onwe. The kasị ama uweojii nke a oyi akwa bụ Zhilber Lafayet.

ego nsogbu

Nkera nke abụọ nke 80s ji a ọhụrụ ego nsogbu gafee ala. Ọkara-jikoro e site eze na ndị ozi ya, bụ untenable ruru ya adịghị irè ya. New ụfọdụ bụ akpọkọta nke nzuko omeiwu, nke kwesịrị e ẹkenam a gbanwee tax. Ọ e butere site Louis XVI. Photos foto na-oyiyi-ya gosi anyị smartly uwe, edidem mgbe ke State mfri eke nsogbu. N'ezie, nke a customizable ọtụtụ megide eze. Nzuko omeiwu jụrụ wetara ọhụrụ ụtụ isi, mgbe nke ọ na-chụgara, na ụfọdụ n'ime ndị òtù ya jidere. Nke a kpasuru ha iwe fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla na mba. Dị ka a ikwere, e kpebiri na ikpokota na States-General.

na States-General

The nzukọ mbụ nke ọhụrụ nnọchiteanya ahụ mere na 1789. Inside na ọ bụ ndị ọtụtụ na-ama dị iche iche na-anọchite anya dị iche iche na-elekọta mmadụ strata. Karịsịa, atọ Estate kwuru onwe ya na National Assembly na kpọrọ ama na ndị ụkọchukwu na-esonyere ndị ọhụrụ faction. Ọ bụ mgbalị na ike nke eze, bụ ndị a na-ewere Chineke nyere. Mebiri nke n'ozuzu nabatara omenala ndị na-adị na alaeze ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, pụtara na National Assembly ka positioned onwe ya dị ka olu nke ndị mmadụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na nke atọ ala na ụlọ nwere a ọtụtụ na States-General, na ọ na-egbochi eze iwu na mweghachi nke ochie iji. Nke a pụtara na ugbu a Louis ihu a nhọrọ: na forcibly igbari States General, ma ọ bụ na-erubere ha mkpebi. Edidem ugboro ọzọ gosiri ọchịchọ ya imebi, na ọ gwara ndị ụkọchukwu na ama isonyere mmekota. Ọ ghọrọ iwu onye na-achị.

nsogbu

Nke a uzo nke ihe ka iwe mgbanwe ọcha nke French ọha mmadụ, nke nọgidere na-abụ nnukwu ma dị ike. Ekwekọghị Louis ntị-isi na a ma ama, onye choro ịbanye Paris agha na arụkwaghịm nke initiators nke buu mgbanwe. E mere nke a.

Mgbe ahụ, ndị bi na Paris n'ihu ọha prekratilii irubere eze na jehie. July 14, 1789 e weghaara na Bastille - a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na ihe nnọchiteanya nke absolutism. ụfọdụ ndị isi a ma ama e gburu. The kasị njọ ọnọdụ malitere na-etolite nkeji nke National Nche, nke bụ iji chebe ịga nke ọma nke mgbanwe. A ọhụrụ iyi egwu, Louis wee laghachi na ohere site wezụgara agha si Paris na bịara National Council.

Na isi nke mgbanwe

Mgbe mmeri nke mgbanwe malitere buu mgbanwe. The mbụ bibiri ndị feudal usoro, nke dị na France kemgbe Middle Ages. N'otu oge kwa ọnwa Eze tụfuru ya mmetụta na ihe na-eme gburugburu. Power-egwu mmiri nke aka ya. All ọha oru e kpọnwụrụ na isi obodo na ala nile anāchi achi. Otu ihe nke a mgbanwe bụ ofufe achịcha si Paris. Black, bi n'obodo, na a na ọnụma gbalịrị nọchibido nnukwu ụlọ nke Versailles, nke bụ obi nke Louis.

Ndị nnupụisi choro na eze ahu ihe, ọ kwagara Paris si na ala ịta ahịhịa. Na isi obodo, eze ghọrọ de facto njigide nke okpuru. Nke nta nke nta ha gburugburu nke na-akwado na-eto Republic.

The ezinụlọ eze, kwa, nsogbu n'obi. Louis XVI, umu eze na entourage niile ọzọ dabere na Marii Antuanetty, bụ onye na-ike-emegide okpuru. Ọ gwara ya na di ya na-achọ enyemaka nke ala ọzọ bụ ndị na-egwu ebe nile free-eche echiche bụ na France.

King Ụzọ Mgbapụ

N'ihi na eziokwu na eze nọgidere na Paris, revolutionary edinam natara iwu ọnụnụ. Na Versailles, anyị kpebiri iji gbanahụ nke Louis XVI. Ọ chọrọ guzoro na isi nke mgbochi revolutionary agha, ma ọ bụ na-mba ọzọ, ebe ọ pụrụ a nwaa na-edu ndị kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi agha. Na 1791, dum ezinụlọ eze incognito ekpe Paris, ma e kwuru na jidere Varennes.

Iji zọpụta ndị a ndụ, Louis kwuru na n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-akwado oké mgbanwe na mba. N'oge a France ama na-akwadebe na-emeghe esemokwu na European monarchies, onye na-atụ egwu mgbalị na ochie iji na Afrika. Na 1792, Louis, bụ n'ezie na a ntụ ntụ keg, kwuru agha Austria.

Otú ọ dị, mkpọsa site nnọọ ná mmalite na-arahụ na-ezighị ezi. Austrian akụkụ nke wakporo France na ọ bụ adịghị anya site Paris. The obodo malitere ogba aghara, na ọhụrụ nnupụisi weghaara eze. Louis na ezinụlọ ya mkpọrọ. September 21, 1792, ọ e eze yipụ ya dị ka eze na aha ma ghọrọ nkịtị nwa amaala na aha Capet. First Republic a na-akpọsa na France.

Ikpe na-egbu

The ọnọdụ dị ize ndụ nke onye mkpọrọ e mesịrị ghara ikwe na mgbe mbụ ya nnukwu ụlọ a na nzuzo mma nwere akwụkwọ ozi na akwụkwọ ndị hụrụ. Ọ bịara doo anya na ndị ezinụlọ eze bụ na-akpali akpali megide mgbanwe, akpan akpan, ọ chọrọ enyemaka si mba ọzọ na-achị achị. N'oge a, ndị radicals na naanị na-eche ihe ngọpụ tufuo Louis.

Ya mere, na-ekpe ikpe na ajụjụ ọnụ na Convention. Ihe mbụ eze ebubo emerụ mba nche. Mbono kpebiri na-azara ọnụ kwesịrị ọnwụ. Ogbugbu nke Louis XVI ẹkenịmde January 21, 1793. Mgbe ọ pụtara na scaffold, ihe ikpeazụ o kwuru bụ ajụjụ nke akara aka nke njem a, Jean-Fransua De La Perouse. Marie Antoinette e gbupụrụ ya isi a ọnwa ole na ole gasịrị, na October.

Ogbugbu nke eze mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na European eze akpatre n'otu megide Republic. The ozi ọma nke ọnwụ nke Louis mere ka ad agha England, Spain na Netherlands. A obere ka e mesịrị Russia sonyeere mmekota.