Kwantum nkwurịta okwu na-eme ihe - nkọwa, atụmatụ na-akpali eziokwu

Kwantum physics awade a kpam kpam ọhụrụ ụzọ iji chebe ọmụma. Gịnị mere e ji na ọ dị mkpa, ma e wezụga ugbu a ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-ewu a ala nkwurịta okwu ọwa? N'ezie, ị nwere ike. Ma kwantum kọmputa na-kere, na oge mgbe ha na-aghọ ubiquitous, n'oge a na izo ya ezo algọridim bụ na-abaghị uru, dị ka ndị a dị ike na kọmputa ike ịgbawa ha na a gbawara n'etiti abụọ. Kwantum nkwukọrịta-enye gị ohere encrypt ozi iji photons - isi ahụ.

Ndị a na kọmputa, na ịnweta kwantum ọwa, otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ ga-agbanwe ugbu ala nke photon. Na mgbalị iji nweta ozi n'ihi na mmebi. The data nyefe ọsọ, n'ezie, bụ ala tụnyere ndị ọzọ ugbu a ẹdude ọwa, dị ka telifon. Ma kwantum nkwurịta okwu na-enye a nnọọ elu larịị nke nche. Nke a, n'ezie, a nnukwu gbakwunyere. Karịsịa n'ụwa taa, ebe cyber mpụ na-amụba ụbọchị.

Kwantum nkwurịta okwu maka "dummies"

Mgbe a-kpalakwukwu e superseded site teligraf, n'aka, dochie radio Telegraph. N'ezie, ọ bụ taa, na-esiwo n'ebe ọ bụla, ma e nwere ndị ọzọ nke oge teknụzụ. Dị nnọọ a afọ iri gara aga, ndị Internet bụ ebe nile ka ha na-taa, na ohere o nwere ike inwe nnọọ ihe siri ike - na-aga ka internet klọb, ịzụta nnọọ oké ọnụ kaadị, wdg Taa, anyị adịghị ebi ndụ a otu hour, na-atụ anya free Internet .. 5G.

Ma ozugbo ọhụrụ nkwurịta okwu ọkọlọtọ agaghị agwọta nsogbu ugbu a n'ihu nzukọ nke data mgbanwe iji Internet, na-enweta data si Satellites nke ógbè na mbara ala ndị ọzọ, na na .. All ozi a ga-echebe. Na hazie ya, i nwere ike iji na-akpọ kwantum entanglement.

Gịnị bụ kwantum nkwurịta okwu? N'ihi na "dummies" na-akọwa ihe a onu ka a njikọ nke dị iche iche kwantum e ji mara. Ọ nọgidekwara na ọbụna mgbe ahụ na-kewapụrụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ site na a nnukwu anya. Ezoro ezo na-ebute site ná iji kwantum entanglement isi, adịghị enye ọ bụla ihe ọmụma bara uru hackers, na-agbalị intercept ya. All ha ga-esi - na ọ bụ ndị ọzọ nọmba dị ka usoro ala n'ihi na mpụga aka, ọ ga-agbanwe.

Ma ike ụwa na-emezughị data nnyefe usoro, dị ka nanị ole na ole iri puku kwuru iri kilomita, mgbama adịkwaghị agbapụta. The satellite, ulo oru na 2016, ga-enyere mejuputa atụmatụ nke kwantum isi nnyefe anya karịa 7 puku. Km.

The mbụ ọma mgbalị iji njikọ ọhụrụ

The mbụ protocol nke kwantum Cryptography natara na 1984. Taa, a na nkà na ụzụ e ji mee nke ọma na ichekwa ego na bank oru. Maara nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ ndị malitere àjà ha cryptosystem.

Kwantum nkwurịta okwu njikọ na-rụrụ na a ọkọlọtọ eriri optic USB. Na Russian mbụ echedoro ọwa ọ sandwiched n'etiti compartments "Gazpromabanka" na New Cheryomushki na Ehi aro. Ngụkọta ogologo bụ 30,6 km, nnyefe njehie ime isi, ma ha pasent bụ di ntakiri - naanị 5%.

China ulo oru a na nkwukọrịta satellite kwantum

The ụwa mbụ dị otú ahụ satellite na oru na China. Rọketi Long March-2D ulo oru na August 16 2016, na cosmodrome Tszyu-Quan. 600 kg satellite ga-2 afọ ada maka a anyanwụ-synchronous orbit, ịdị elu nke 310 kilomita (ma ọ bụ 500 km) n'okpuru "kwantum nwere na a w ọnụ ọgụgụ." Circulation oge nke ngwa gburugburu Earth bụ hà otu na ọkara awa.

Satellite kwantum nkwurịta okwu na-akpọ Micius, ma ọ bụ "Ihe-Zi", na nsọpụrụ nke onye ọkà ihe ọmụma, bụ onye biri na V na narị afọ AD na, dị ka e kweere, ihe mbụ rụrụ ngwa anya nwere. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-aga na-amụ usoro nke kwantum entanglement ma jide kwantum teleportation n'etiti a satellite na a laabu na Tibet.

Nke ikpeazụ Site n'ibu na kwantum ala nke urughuru site a gaghị agara anya. Maka mmezu nke usoro a chọrọ a ụzọ atuhiworo (ndị ọzọ okwu, jikọrọ) ahụ na-na a anya n'ebe onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Dị ka kwantum physics, ha na-enwe ike weghara ihe ọmụma banyere ọnọdụ nke onye, ọbụna mgbe ị na-anya n'ebe onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Ọ bụ omume na-emetụta na urughuru, bụ nke dị na miri emi ohere, na-arụ ọrụ na ya na onye òtù ọlụlụ, onye bụ esote na laabu.

The satellite ga-ike abụọ atuhiworo photons na-ezite ha ka Earth. Ọ bụrụ na ndị nnwale bụ ihe ịga nke ọma, ọ ga-akara mmalite nke ọhụrụ oge. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a Satellites ga-enwe ike ọ bụghị nanị na-enye ubiquitous kwantum Internet, ma kwantum nkwukọrịta na ohere maka ọdịnihu niile na Mars na na ọnwa.

Gịnị mere anyị kwesịrị dị otú ahụ enyi

Ma, gịnị mere anyị mkpa a satellite kwantum nkwurịta okwu? Bụ ẹdude ot Satellites bụ ezughị? The eziokwu na ndị a Satellites ga dochie eme. Ụkpụrụ nke kwantum nkwurịta okwu bụ encode ma na-echebe ẹdude ot data ọwa. Na ya aka, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na-ama-enye nchekwa n'oge Omeiwu ntuli aka na 2007 na Switzerland.

Na-abụghị uru òtù nnyocha Battelle Memorial Institute, emezu mgbanwe nke ozi n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ na US (Ohio) na na Ireland (Dublin) eji kwantum entanglement. Ya ụkpụrụ dabeere na omume nke photons - isi ahụ nke ìhè. Na enyemaka ha, ozi a koodu na zitere na ebe. Theoretically, ọbụna ndị kasị ezi mgbalị iji egbochi, ahapụ a akara. Kwantum isi mgbanwe na-ewe mmetụta ozugbo, na hacker nwara enweta a efu agwa set. Ya mere, ihe niile data ga-ebute site ná site na okwu ọwa, ọ gaghị ekwe omume intercept ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ.

The satellite ga-enyere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-anwale isi nkesa n'etiti n'ala ebe na satellite onwe ya.

Kwantum nkwurịta okwu na-China ga-emejuputa atumatu site eriri optic Gịnị, a ngụkọta ogologo nke 2 puku. Km na ijikọta 4 obodo si Shanghai na Beijing. Series photons ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na-apụghị bufee, na nke ukwuu anya n'etiti ụgbọ, na elu ohere na ozi ga-mebiri emebi.

Mgbe aga n'ebe dịtụ anya, ọ attenuates mgbama, na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na iji nọgide na ziri ezi nnyefe nke data, mkpa a ụzọ na-egosi na update mgbe ọ bụla 100 km. Na Gịnị a na-enweta site na iji pụtara mmiri, nke eneme isi na-depụtaghachiri ka ọhụrụ photons ma na-aga n'ihu.

A obere akụkọ ihe mere eme

Na 1984, Jean Brassard of Montreal University na Charles Bennett nke IBM aro na photons ike ga-eji na Cryptography maka ala isi ọwa. Ha chọrọ a dị mfe atụmatụ nke redistribution nke kwantum ọgbàràùhie igodo, nke aha ya bụ BB84.

Atụmatụ a na-eji kwantum ọwa n'elu nke ozi a na-ebute site ná n'etiti abụọ ọrụ n'ụdị ekewasị kwantum ekwu. Nụpeere ha hacker ike na-agbalị tụọ photons, ma o nwere ike ghara ime ya, dị ka e kwuru n'elu, a na-agaghị eme ka ha distortion. Na 1989, ndị Research Center nke IBM Brassard na Bennett kere ụwa mbụ na-arụ ọrụ kwantum ọgbàràùhie usoro.

Gịnị bụ na ngwa anya kwantum ọgbàràùhie usoro (Cox)

Basic tehharakteristiki Coke (njehie ọnụego, data ọnụego, wdg) na-kọwaa site kwa ọwa-akpụ ọcha nke na-etolite a na-ebunye na tụrụ kwantum ekwu. A Coke mejupụtara nke na-anata na mgbasaozi akụkụ nke ejikọrọ nnyefe ọwa.

Isi mmalite nke radieshon na-ekewa n'ime 3 ọmụmụ:

• lasers;
• microlasers;
• ìhè-emitting diodes.

N'ihi ngwa anya mgbaàmà nnyefe usoro a na-eji dị ka a eriri optic LEDs, jikọtara na cables nke dị iche iche a haziri.

Nature nzuzo kwantum nkwurịta okwu

Agafe site n'ókè nke na-ebute site ná ozi koodu pulses na ọtụtụ puku ndị photons na n'ókè nke otu onye usu, na nkezi, ha nwere ihe na-erughị ịdị n'otu kwantum iwu ibu irè. Ọ bụ ihe ndị a iwu ka ndị oge gboo Cryptography enye ohere iru nzuzo.

Ejighị Ụkpụrụ Heisenberg eji na kwantum-ọgbàràùhie ngwaọrụ na n'ihi ya, ọ bụla mgbalị ịgbanwe na kwantum usoro-eme mgbanwe ya, na guzobere dapụtara si dị otú ahụ a n'ihe, ndị ndibọbọ n'akụkụ kpebisiri ike dị ka a ụgha.

Ọ kwantum Cryptography 100% ekwe nkwa megide ohi ahụ e zuru?

Na ozizi ọ na-enye, kama oru ngwọta na-adịghị kpamkpam pụrụ ịdabere na. Hackers amalitela iji a laser doo, nke ha dazzle kwantum ziri mesịa, ha na-akwụsị ikwu na kwantum Njirimara nke photons. Mgbe ụfọdụ na-eji multi-photon isi mmalite, na kpara nwere ike inwe ohere na-agafe otu onye n'ime ha na-eji yiri.